黃山宮簡介
黃山宮位于興(xing)平市(shi)馬嵬街道正北約1公里處(chu),東距(ju)興(xing)平市(shi)13公里,西距(ju)貴妃(fei)墓(mu)2公里,坐落在塬坡下,地勢北高南低,為西漢早期(qi)之道教圣(sheng)地,距(ju)今已有2200多年(nian)歷史(shi)。
據明(ming)正(zheng)德年(nian)間康海所立(li)碑(bei)石(shi)記載(zai):“漢(han)惠帝(di)建黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),漢(han)武帝(di)曾(ceng)微服私(si)幸(xing),改(gai)老(lao)子(zi)祠(ci),唐太(tai)宗以裔(yi)出,老(lao)子(zi)祠(ci)更加修繕(shan),玄宗幸(xing)蜀乞靈于此(ci),手植槐焉(yan)”。漢(han)唐時期,黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)為皇家道(dao)觀(guan)。明(ming)清功德碑(bei)記載(zai),歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)屢(lv)有(you)修葺。在(zai)兩千年(nian)的歷(li)史(shi)長河中,黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)一直興盛不衰。
黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)縣(xian)、鄉兩級(ji)政(zheng)府的關懷(huai)幫助下,基礎設(she)施得到(dao)很(hen)大改善,2003年(nian)牌(pai)樓(lou)(lou)及門前廣(guang)場竣(jun)工,2009年(nian)修通(tong)到(dao)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)45米寬的水泥路。興平市道教協會在(zai)干(gan)渠上修了弓形橋,橋北(bei)建(jian)有鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)。太上槐植于(yu)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)院(yuan)落中央,南(nan)為三(san)清殿,北(bei)有九宮(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)八洞(dong),洞(dong)內供奉(feng)著各(ge)路神仙。相傳道教祖師(shi)老子(zi)最早在(zai)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)傳道,后遷往樓(lou)(lou)觀臺,因南(nan)北(bei)相望,故黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)稱北(bei)樓(lou)(lou)觀。四時(shi)八節不斷有人(ren)來許愿,古廟會期間朝拜人(ren)次超過10萬。
黃山(shan)宮東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩邊平行排列著幾條(tiao)大溝(gou),嶺高(gao)溝(gou)深,黃土裸露。東(dong)邊的嶺當地人稱“鱉(bie)蓋”。西(xi)(xi)北方(fang)向約(yue) 500米處,是新石器時代的黃山(shan)遺址。東(dong)約(yue) 20米有(you)賀(he)氏洞,據(ju)碑石記載(zai),為堂主賀(he)氏率(lv)弟子鑿成,洞口塌(ta)陷嚴重。賀(he)氏洞以東(dong)另一(yi)條(tiao)溝(gou)崖上有(you)三個洞口,入內低頭可(ke)走,傳(chuan)說很深,但內部(bu)塌(ta)陷。黃山(shan)宮東(dong)面溝(gou)崖上留有(you)窯洞 80余處,是李家(jia)坡村民先(xian)祖(zu)居住過(guo)的地方(fang)。干渠以南約(yue) 100米處有(you)自涌泉(quan)兩處,泉(quan)水(shui)流淌日(ri)夜不停,水(shui)質含(han)硒等對人體有(you)益的微量礦物質元素,清洌甘甜可(ke)飲用。
黃山宮(gong)的旅游資源種類(lei)多(duo),而(er)且(qie)比較(jiao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong),并毗鄰楊(yang)貴(gui)妃墓。以楊(yang)貴(gui)妃墓為龍頭的馬嵬中(zhong)(zhong)心地區(qu)旅游雛(chu)形初現。
黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)是一處道教圣地,相傳老(lao)子(zi)騎青(qing)牛在樓觀臺講道時,曾夜宿黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong),“漢(han)惠帝建黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong),漢(han)武帝曾微服(fu)私幸,改老(lao)子(zi)祠,唐太(tai)宗(zong)以裔出,老(lao)子(zi)祠更加修繕,玄宗(zong)幸蜀乞靈于此,手植槐焉”(據明正德年(nian)間康海所立碑石(shi)記載)。盛唐詩人王維以“黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)舊繞(rao)漢(han)宮(gong)斜”的佳句贊嘆黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)的美景。
歷史
其(qi)地古稱黃(huang)山,西漢惠帝(di)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前193年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))就(jiu)山勢(shi)鑿洞(dong)建廟(miao)宮(gong)(gong),供老(lao)子(zi),成(cheng)為道(dao)教早期活動的地方。據《東方朔(shuo)傳(chuan)記(ji)》載,建元(yuan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前138年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))漢武帝(di)穿便服出游,北(bei)至(zhi)池(chi)陽,西到(dao)黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)。《三(san)輔黃(huang)圖》也記(ji)載:“武帝(di)微(wei)行(xing)西至(zhi)黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)也”。傳(chuan)說(shuo)武帝(di)很孝,其(qi)母(mu)(mu)有病(bing),他曾在黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)為母(mu)(mu)要過(guo)藥。據王莽傳(chuan)記(ji)載:王莽篡位時,訛言黃(huang)龍墮死黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)中(zhong),百(bai)姓奔走往(wang)觀者(zhe)有萬數。到(dao)了(le)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)代,唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)太宗李世民(min)因與老(lao)子(zi)同(tong)姓,自認是老(lao)子(zi)的后(hou)(hou)裔,改黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)為老(lao)子(zi)宅,大加修(xiu)(xiu)治(zhi),并提(ti)倡(chang)道(dao)教。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)高(gao)宗乾封(feng)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),進封(feng)老(lao)子(zi)為“太上(shang)玄皇帝(di)”。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)玄宗開元(yuan)二十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),視道(dao)士為宗室,二十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建玄元(yuan)皇帝(di)廟(miao)于各地。安史之亂后(hou)(hou),唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)玄宗從四川(chuan)回(hui)(hui)長(chang)安途(tu)經馬嵬時去黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)燒(shao)香朝(chao)拜老(lao)子(zi),并在院內親手栽植了(le)一(yi)(yi)棵槐樹,今已1200多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),成(cheng)為文(wen)物。明、清兩代多有建修(xiu)(xiu),規模(mo)宏大,香火(huo)旺(wang)盛。清同(tong)治(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1861)陜西回(hui)(hui)民(min)起義(yi)攻打興(xing)平(ping),黃(huang)山宮(gong)(gong)被(bei)回(hui)(hui)民(min)義(yi)軍放(fang)火(huo)燒(shao)毀。同(tong)治(zhi)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1873)興(xing)平(ping)群(qun)眾捐(juan)款(kuan)復修(xiu)(xiu)東西兩側(ce)。光緒三(san)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904)興(xing)平(ping)、乾縣、武功(gong)周(zhou)圍群(qun)眾捐(juan)款(kuan)重修(xiu)(xiu),建有山門(men)、二門(men)、鐘樓、鼓(gu)樓、卷棚(peng)、玉皇殿、三(san)清殿、老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong),靠山崖半圓形(xing)排(pai)列十六個(ge)窯(yao)洞(dong),各塑神像。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拆(chai)除,大部分廟(miao)殿移蓋(gai)學校。“文(wen)化大革命”中(zhong),神像全被(bei)砸(za)毀,后(hou)(hou)來窯(yao)洞(dong)逐漸倒塌。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)有一(yi)(yi)姓魏的道(dao)人居(ju)住(zhu)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來群(qun)眾捐(juan)錢修(xiu)(xiu)中(zhong)洞(dong),塑老(lao)子(zi)泥(ni)像,蓋(gai)三(san)間瓦房,供玉皇,周(zhou)圍有善男信女(nv)1000余(yu)人,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷二月十五日趕廟(miao)會。
政策扶持
馬嵬地區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)游景(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)各具(ju)特(te)色,楊貴妃墓(mu)以(yi)唐文(wen)(wen)化(hua)見長,黃(huang)山宮突出道教文(wen)(wen)化(hua),馬嵬驛(yi)展(zhan)(zhan)示農(nong)耕文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、民(min)俗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)和自然景(jing)(jing)觀,馬嵬過(guo)境段現代(dai)(dai)都(dou)市農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)達。我(wo)市要實現資源(yuan)由分散經營(ying)向(xiang)整(zheng)體經營(ying)推(tui)進,將楊貴妃墓(mu)、馬嵬驛(yi)民(min)俗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)村、黃(huang)山宮、馬嵬現代(dai)(dai)都(dou)市農(nong)業(ye)等(deng)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)納入整(zheng)體規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)之中,協(xie)同推(tui)進旅(lv)游資源(yuan)整(zheng)體開發(fa)建(jian)設(she)(she)。同時,將景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內各景(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)串聯起來,達成成片(pian)建(jian)設(she)(she)目(mu)的(de)。目(mu)前(qian),要聘(pin)請有關(guan)方面(mian)的(de)專家(jia)學者,對整(zheng)個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)制定一個(ge)全面(mian)的(de)高(gao)起點(dian)(dian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua),綜合考慮(lv)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與保護、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與管理的(de)關(guan)系,使(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及景(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)(she)和發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有章(zhang)可循。
濃(nong)厚的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)是馬嵬景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)最具優勢的(de)(de)資(zi)源,提(ti)升景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)神(shen)韻是下一(yi)(yi)步(bu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)核心所在(zai)。目前,馬嵬景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀中,唐文(wen)化(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀建設(she)和(he)(he)規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計比較完(wan)善。黃山宮道教文(wen)化(hua)(hua)在(zai)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)布(bu)局和(he)(he)建設(she)上則比較弱,沒(mei)有得(de)到(dao)充分發(fa)(fa)掘。馬嵬現代都市農業(ye)還沒(mei)有和(he)(he)旅游緊緊融為一(yi)(yi)體,資(zi)源價值沒(mei)有得(de)到(dao)合理(li)利用。下一(yi)(yi)步(bu),馬嵬景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)應當突出重(zhong)點(dian)、整體推進,在(zai)傳(chuan)承(cheng)與(yu)創新、保(bao)護與(yu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)基礎上,突顯歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、自(zi)然(ran)生態、旅游發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)融合,增(zeng)強景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)輻射和(he)(he)品牌(pai)價值。