黃山宮簡介
黃山宮位于興平(ping)市馬嵬街道正北約1公(gong)里(li)處,東距興平(ping)市13公(gong)里(li),西(xi)距貴妃(fei)墓2公(gong)里(li),坐落在塬坡下(xia),地勢北高南(nan)低(di),為西(xi)漢早(zao)期之道教圣地,距今已有2200多年(nian)歷(li)史。
據明正德年間(jian)康海所立碑(bei)石(shi)記載:“漢惠帝(di)建(jian)黃(huang)山宮,漢武帝(di)曾微服私(si)幸,改(gai)老子祠(ci),唐太宗以裔出(chu),老子祠(ci)更加修(xiu)繕,玄宗幸蜀乞靈于此,手植(zhi)槐(huai)焉”。漢唐時期,黃(huang)山宮為皇家道觀。明清(qing)功德碑(bei)記載,歷史(shi)上(shang)黃(huang)山宮屢有修(xiu)葺。在兩千年的歷史(shi)長河中,黃(huang)山宮一直興盛不衰。
黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮在縣、鄉兩級政府的(de)關懷(huai)幫助下,基礎設施得到很大(da)改善(shan),2003年牌樓及門前廣場竣工,2009年修通到黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮45米寬(kuan)的(de)水(shui)泥路(lu)。興(xing)平市(shi)道(dao)教(jiao)協會在干(gan)渠上修了弓(gong)形橋(qiao),橋(qiao)北建有鐘鼓樓。太上槐(huai)植于黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮院落中央,南為三清殿,北有九宮十八洞(dong),洞(dong)內供(gong)奉著各路(lu)神仙。相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)道(dao)教(jiao)祖師老子(zi)最早在黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮傳(chuan)道(dao),后(hou)遷往樓觀(guan)臺,因(yin)南北相(xiang)(xiang)望,故(gu)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮又稱(cheng)北樓觀(guan)。四(si)時八節不斷有人來許愿,古廟會期間(jian)朝拜(bai)人次超(chao)過10萬。
黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)東西(xi)(xi)兩邊(bian)(bian)平行排(pai)列(lie)著幾條大溝(gou)(gou),嶺(ling)高溝(gou)(gou)深,黃(huang)土裸(luo)露(lu)。東邊(bian)(bian)的嶺(ling)當(dang)地(di)人稱(cheng)“鱉蓋”。西(xi)(xi)北方向約 500米處(chu),是新石器時(shi)代的黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)遺址。東約 20米有(you)賀氏洞(dong),據碑石記載,為堂(tang)主賀氏率(lv)弟子鑿(zao)成,洞(dong)口(kou)塌(ta)陷嚴重。賀氏洞(dong)以(yi)東另一(yi)條溝(gou)(gou)崖(ya)上(shang)有(you)三(san)個洞(dong)口(kou),入內低(di)頭可走(zou),傳(chuan)說很深,但內部(bu)塌(ta)陷。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)東面(mian)溝(gou)(gou)崖(ya)上(shang)留有(you)窯洞(dong) 80余處(chu),是李家坡村民先祖居住過的地(di)方。干渠以(yi)南約 100米處(chu)有(you)自涌(yong)泉兩處(chu),泉水(shui)流淌日夜不(bu)停(ting),水(shui)質(zhi)含硒等對人體有(you)益的微量礦物(wu)質(zhi)元素(su),清洌(lie)甘甜可飲(yin)用。
黃山宮的旅游資源種類多,而且(qie)比較集中(zhong),并毗鄰楊貴妃墓(mu)。以楊貴妃墓(mu)為龍頭的馬(ma)嵬(wei)中(zhong)心地區旅游雛形初現。
黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)是一處道(dao)教圣地,相傳老子(zi)騎青牛在樓(lou)觀臺(tai)講道(dao)時,曾夜(ye)宿黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong),“漢惠(hui)帝建黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong),漢武帝曾微服私幸(xing),改老子(zi)祠(ci),唐太宗(zong)以裔(yi)出,老子(zi)祠(ci)更(geng)加修繕,玄宗(zong)幸(xing)蜀乞靈于此,手植(zhi)槐焉”(據(ju)明正德年(nian)間康海所(suo)立碑石記(ji)載)。盛(sheng)唐詩(shi)人王維以“黃山(shan)(shan)舊繞漢宮(gong)斜”的(de)佳(jia)句贊嘆黃山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)的(de)美景(jing)。
歷史
其(qi)地古稱黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)漢惠帝(di)(di)(di)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前193年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))就山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢鑿洞建(jian)廟宮,供(gong)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),成(cheng)為(wei)道(dao)教(jiao)早期活動的地方(fang)。據(ju)《東方(fang)朔(shuo)傳(chuan)記(ji)》載,建(jian)元(yuan)(yuan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前138年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))漢武帝(di)(di)(di)穿(chuan)便服出游(you),北至池陽,西(xi)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮。《三(san)輔(fu)黃(huang)(huang)圖》也(ye)記(ji)載:“武帝(di)(di)(di)微(wei)行西(xi)至黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮也(ye)”。傳(chuan)說武帝(di)(di)(di)很孝,其(qi)母有(you)病,他(ta)曾在(zai)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮為(wei)母要過藥。據(ju)王莽(mang)傳(chuan)記(ji)載:王莽(mang)篡位時,訛言(yan)黃(huang)(huang)龍(long)墮死黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮中(zhong)(zhong),百姓奔走往(wang)觀(guan)者(zhe)有(you)萬數。到(dao)了唐(tang)代,唐(tang)太宗李世民因與(yu)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)同姓,自認是老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的后裔,改黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮為(wei)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宅,大加修(xiu)治(zhi),并提倡道(dao)教(jiao)。唐(tang)高宗乾(qian)封元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),進封老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)“太上玄(xuan)(xuan)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)”。唐(tang)玄(xuan)(xuan)宗開元(yuan)(yuan)二十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),視(shi)道(dao)士為(wei)宗室,二十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)玄(xuan)(xuan)元(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)廟于各地。安史(shi)之(zhi)亂后,唐(tang)玄(xuan)(xuan)宗從四川回(hui)長安途經馬嵬時去黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮燒香朝(chao)拜老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),并在(zai)院(yuan)內親(qin)手栽(zai)植了一(yi)棵槐樹,今已1200多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),成(cheng)為(wei)文物(wu)。明、清(qing)兩代多(duo)有(you)建(jian)修(xiu),規模宏大,香火旺(wang)盛。清(qing)同治(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1861)陜西(xi)回(hui)民起義攻打(da)興(xing)平,黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮被回(hui)民義軍(jun)放火燒毀。同治(zhi)十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1873)興(xing)平群眾(zhong)捐款(kuan)(kuan)復(fu)修(xiu)東西(xi)兩側。光緒三(san)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904)興(xing)平、乾(qian)縣、武功周(zhou)圍群眾(zhong)捐款(kuan)(kuan)重修(xiu),建(jian)有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門、二門、鐘樓、鼓(gu)樓、卷(juan)棚、玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)殿(dian)、三(san)清(qing)殿(dian)、老(lao)君洞,靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)崖半圓形排列十六個窯洞,各塑(su)神(shen)像(xiang)。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拆除,大部分廟殿(dian)移蓋學校。“文化大革命”中(zhong)(zhong),神(shen)像(xiang)全被砸毀,后來(lai)(lai)窯洞逐漸倒塌。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后有(you)一(yi)姓魏的道(dao)人居住。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)群眾(zhong)捐錢修(xiu)中(zhong)(zhong)洞,塑(su)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)泥(ni)像(xiang),蓋三(san)間瓦房,供(gong)玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang),周(zhou)圍有(you)善男(nan)信女1000余人,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷二月十五日趕廟會。
政策扶持
馬(ma)嵬(wei)地(di)區(qu)旅游(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點各具(ju)特色,楊(yang)貴妃(fei)(fei)墓以唐文(wen)化見長,黃山宮(gong)突出道教文(wen)化,馬(ma)嵬(wei)驛(yi)展(zhan)示農耕文(wen)化、民俗文(wen)化和(he)自然(ran)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀,馬(ma)嵬(wei)過境(jing)段現(xian)代(dai)都(dou)市(shi)農業發(fa)(fa)達。我市(shi)要(yao)實(shi)現(xian)資源由分(fen)散經(jing)營向整(zheng)體經(jing)營推進,將(jiang)楊(yang)貴妃(fei)(fei)墓、馬(ma)嵬(wei)驛(yi)民俗文(wen)化村、黃山宮(gong)、馬(ma)嵬(wei)現(xian)代(dai)都(dou)市(shi)農業等(deng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點納入整(zheng)體規(gui)劃建設之中(zhong),協(xie)同(tong)推進旅游(you)資源整(zheng)體開發(fa)(fa)建設。同(tong)時,將(jiang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內各景(jing)(jing)(jing)點串聯(lian)起來,達成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)片建設目的(de)(de)。目前(qian),要(yao)聘請(qing)有(you)關方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家學者,對整(zheng)個景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)制(zhi)定(ding)一個全面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)高起點的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃,綜合考慮發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與保護、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與管理(li)的(de)(de)關系,使整(zheng)個景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)及(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點建設和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)章可循。
濃厚(hou)的歷史(shi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)是馬嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)最具優勢的資源,提升(sheng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點文化(hua)(hua)(hua)神韻是下(xia)一步景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)展的核心所在(zai)。目(mu)前,馬嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的文化(hua)(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)中,唐文化(hua)(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)建(jian)(jian)設和規(gui)劃設計(ji)比較完善(shan)。黃(huang)山宮(gong)道教文化(hua)(hua)(hua)在(zai)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點布局(ju)和建(jian)(jian)設上(shang)則比較弱,沒有(you)(you)得到充分發(fa)掘(jue)。馬嵬(wei)現代都市農業還沒有(you)(you)和旅游緊緊融為一體(ti)(ti),資源價(jia)值(zhi)沒有(you)(you)得到合(he)(he)理利用(yong)。下(xia)一步,馬嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)應(ying)當突出重點、整體(ti)(ti)推進,在(zai)傳承與創新、保護與發(fa)展的基礎上(shang),突顯歷史(shi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)、自然生態、旅游發(fa)展的融合(he)(he),增強景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的文化(hua)(hua)(hua)輻射和品牌價(jia)值(zhi)。