黃山宮簡介
黃山宮位于興平市馬嵬街(jie)道(dao)正北(bei)約1公里(li)處,東(dong)距(ju)興平市13公里(li),西距(ju)貴妃墓2公里(li),坐(zuo)落在塬坡下,地(di)勢北(bei)高南低,為(wei)西漢早期之道(dao)教圣地(di),距(ju)今已(yi)有2200多年歷(li)史。
據明(ming)正(zheng)德(de)年間康海所(suo)立碑石記(ji)(ji)載(zai):“漢(han)(han)惠帝建黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮,漢(han)(han)武(wu)帝曾微(wei)服私幸,改老(lao)子(zi)祠,唐太宗以裔出(chu),老(lao)子(zi)祠更加修繕,玄宗幸蜀乞靈于此(ci),手植槐(huai)焉”。漢(han)(han)唐時期,黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮為(wei)皇家(jia)道(dao)觀。明(ming)清功(gong)德(de)碑記(ji)(ji)載(zai),歷史(shi)上黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮屢有(you)修葺。在兩千年的歷史(shi)長河(he)中,黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮一直(zhi)興盛不衰。
黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)在(zai)縣、鄉兩級政府的(de)關懷幫助下(xia),基礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)得到很大改善,2003年牌樓(lou)(lou)及門前(qian)廣場竣工(gong),2009年修(xiu)(xiu)通(tong)到黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)45米(mi)寬的(de)水泥(ni)路。興平市道教(jiao)協會(hui)在(zai)干渠(qu)上(shang)修(xiu)(xiu)了(le)弓形橋(qiao),橋(qiao)北(bei)建有(you)鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)。太上(shang)槐(huai)植于黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)院落中央,南(nan)為三(san)清(qing)殿(dian),北(bei)有(you)九宮(gong)(gong)十八洞,洞內(nei)供奉著各路神(shen)仙。相傳道教(jiao)祖師老子(zi)最早在(zai)黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)傳道,后遷(qian)往樓(lou)(lou)觀臺(tai),因南(nan)北(bei)相望(wang),故(gu)黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)又稱北(bei)樓(lou)(lou)觀。四時八節不(bu)斷有(you)人來許愿,古廟會(hui)期(qi)間朝(chao)拜人次(ci)超過10萬。
黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮東(dong)西兩邊平行排列著幾條大溝(gou),嶺高溝(gou)深(shen),黃(huang)土(tu)裸露(lu)。東(dong)邊的嶺當(dang)地人稱“鱉蓋”。西北方(fang)向約(yue) 500米(mi)處(chu)(chu),是(shi)新石器時代的黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)遺址。東(dong)約(yue) 20米(mi)有(you)賀氏(shi)洞,據碑石記載,為堂主賀氏(shi)率(lv)弟子鑿成(cheng),洞口塌陷(xian)嚴重。賀氏(shi)洞以(yi)東(dong)另一(yi)條溝(gou)崖(ya)上有(you)三(san)個洞口,入內低頭(tou)可走(zou),傳說很深(shen),但內部塌陷(xian)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮東(dong)面溝(gou)崖(ya)上留有(you)窯(yao)洞 80余處(chu)(chu),是(shi)李家坡村民先祖居住過的地方(fang)。干渠以(yi)南約(yue) 100米(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)自涌泉(quan)兩處(chu)(chu),泉(quan)水流淌日夜不(bu)停,水質含硒等對人體有(you)益的微量(liang)礦物質元素,清洌甘甜可飲用。
黃山宮(gong)的旅(lv)游資源種類多,而(er)且(qie)比(bi)較集中,并(bing)毗(pi)鄰楊(yang)(yang)貴妃墓。以楊(yang)(yang)貴妃墓為龍頭的馬(ma)嵬中心地區旅(lv)游雛形(xing)初現。
黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)是一處道(dao)教圣地,相傳老(lao)(lao)子騎青牛(niu)在(zai)樓觀(guan)臺講道(dao)時,曾(ceng)夜宿黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong),“漢(han)惠帝(di)建(jian)黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong),漢(han)武帝(di)曾(ceng)微(wei)服私幸,改老(lao)(lao)子祠,唐(tang)太宗以(yi)裔出,老(lao)(lao)子祠更加(jia)修繕,玄宗幸蜀乞靈于此,手植槐焉”(據(ju)明正德年間康海所立碑石記載(zai))。盛唐(tang)詩人王維以(yi)“黃山(shan)舊繞漢(han)宮(gong)(gong)斜”的(de)佳(jia)句(ju)贊嘆黃山(shan)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)美景。
歷史
其(qi)地古稱黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)漢惠帝二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)193年(nian)(nian))就(jiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢鑿洞(dong)建(jian)廟(miao)(miao)宮(gong),供老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi),成為(wei)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)早期活動(dong)的地方(fang)。據(ju)《東方(fang)朔傳記(ji)》載(zai),建(jian)元(yuan)(yuan)三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)138年(nian)(nian))漢武帝穿(chuan)便服出(chu)游,北至池陽,西(xi)到(dao)(dao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)。《三輔黃(huang)(huang)(huang)圖》也(ye)(ye)記(ji)載(zai):“武帝微(wei)行西(xi)至黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)也(ye)(ye)”。傳說武帝很孝(xiao),其(qi)母有病,他曾在黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)為(wei)母要過藥。據(ju)王(wang)莽傳記(ji)載(zai):王(wang)莽篡(cuan)位時(shi),訛言黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍墮死黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)中(zhong),百姓奔走往觀者有萬數。到(dao)(dao)了唐(tang)代,唐(tang)太(tai)宗李世民(min)因與(yu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)同姓,自認是老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)的后(hou)裔,改(gai)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)為(wei)老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)宅,大加修治,并(bing)提倡道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)。唐(tang)高宗乾封元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian),進封老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)為(wei)“太(tai)上玄皇帝”。唐(tang)玄宗開元(yuan)(yuan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian),視道(dao)士為(wei)宗室,二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)建(jian)玄元(yuan)(yuan)皇帝廟(miao)(miao)于(yu)各(ge)地。安史(shi)之亂后(hou),唐(tang)玄宗從四(si)川(chuan)回長安途經(jing)馬嵬(wei)時(shi)去黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)燒(shao)香朝拜(bai)老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi),并(bing)在院內親手(shou)栽植了一棵槐(huai)樹,今已1200多年(nian)(nian),成為(wei)文物。明、清兩代多有建(jian)修,規模宏大,香火旺盛。清同治元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1861)陜(shan)西(xi)回民(min)起義攻打(da)興(xing)平,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)被(bei)回民(min)義軍放火燒(shao)毀。同治十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1873)興(xing)平群眾(zhong)捐(juan)款復修東西(xi)兩側。光緒三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1904)興(xing)平、乾縣(xian)、武功周圍(wei)群眾(zhong)捐(juan)款重修,建(jian)有山(shan)(shan)(shan)門、二(er)(er)(er)門、鐘樓、鼓樓、卷棚、玉(yu)皇殿、三清殿、老(lao)(lao)(lao)君洞(dong),靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)崖半圓形排(pai)列(lie)十(shi)六個窯洞(dong),各(ge)塑神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)。1954年(nian)(nian)拆除,大部分廟(miao)(miao)殿移蓋學校。“文化大革命(ming)”中(zhong),神(shen)(shen)像(xiang)全被(bei)砸毀,后(hou)來(lai)窯洞(dong)逐漸(jian)倒塌。1980年(nian)(nian)后(hou)有一姓魏的道(dao)人居住。近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)群眾(zhong)捐(juan)錢修中(zhong)洞(dong),塑老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)泥像(xiang),蓋三間(jian)瓦(wa)房,供玉(yu)皇,周圍(wei)有善男信女1000余(yu)人,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)農歷二(er)(er)(er)月十(shi)五日趕廟(miao)(miao)會。
政策扶持
馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅游景(jing)點(dian)各(ge)(ge)具特色,楊貴妃墓以唐文(wen)化(hua)見長(chang),黃(huang)山宮突出(chu)道教文(wen)化(hua),馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)驛展(zhan)示農耕文(wen)化(hua)、民(min)俗文(wen)化(hua)和自然景(jing)觀(guan),馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)過(guo)境(jing)段現代都(dou)市農業發(fa)達。我市要實現資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)由分(fen)散經營向整(zheng)體(ti)經營推進,將楊貴妃墓、馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)驛民(min)俗文(wen)化(hua)村、黃(huang)山宮、馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)現代都(dou)市農業等景(jing)點(dian)納入整(zheng)體(ti)規劃建(jian)設(she)之中(zhong),協(xie)同(tong)推進旅游資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)整(zheng)體(ti)開發(fa)建(jian)設(she)。同(tong)時,將景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內各(ge)(ge)景(jing)點(dian)串聯起來,達成(cheng)成(cheng)片建(jian)設(she)目(mu)的(de)。目(mu)前(qian),要聘(pin)請有(you)關(guan)方面的(de)專家學(xue)者,對(dui)整(zheng)個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)制(zhi)定一個(ge)全面的(de)高起點(dian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃,綜合考慮發(fa)展(zhan)與保護、發(fa)展(zhan)與管理的(de)關(guan)系,使整(zheng)個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及景(jing)點(dian)建(jian)設(she)和發(fa)展(zhan)有(you)章可循。
濃厚的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是馬嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)最具優(you)勢的(de)(de)資源,提升景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)景(jing)(jing)點文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)神韻是下一(yi)步景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)核心所在。目前,馬嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)中,唐文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)建(jian)設和(he)規劃設計比較(jiao)完(wan)善。黃山宮道教文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)在景(jing)(jing)點布局(ju)和(he)建(jian)設上(shang)則比較(jiao)弱(ruo),沒有(you)得(de)到(dao)充分發(fa)掘。馬嵬(wei)現(xian)代都市農業還沒有(you)和(he)旅游(you)緊(jin)緊(jin)融(rong)為一(yi)體,資源價值(zhi)沒有(you)得(de)到(dao)合理(li)利(li)用。下一(yi)步,馬嵬(wei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)應當突(tu)出重點、整體推進,在傳承與創(chuang)新、保護與發(fa)展的(de)(de)基礎上(shang),突(tu)顯歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、自然生態、旅游(you)發(fa)展的(de)(de)融(rong)合,增強景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)輻射和(he)品牌價值(zhi)。