黃山宮簡介
黃山宮位于(yu)興(xing)平(ping)(ping)市馬嵬(wei)街道正北(bei)約1公(gong)里處,東距(ju)興(xing)平(ping)(ping)市13公(gong)里,西距(ju)貴妃墓2公(gong)里,坐(zuo)落在塬坡(po)下,地勢北(bei)高(gao)南低(di),為西漢(han)早期之道教(jiao)圣地,距(ju)今(jin)已(yi)有2200多年(nian)歷史(shi)。
據明(ming)正德年間康海所立碑(bei)石記(ji)載:“漢惠帝(di)建黃(huang)(huang)山宮(gong),漢武帝(di)曾微服私(si)幸,改(gai)老子祠,唐太宗(zong)(zong)以裔出,老子祠更加修繕(shan),玄宗(zong)(zong)幸蜀乞靈于此,手植槐焉”。漢唐時期(qi),黃(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)為皇家(jia)道觀。明(ming)清(qing)功德碑(bei)記(ji)載,歷(li)史上黃(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)屢有修葺。在兩千年的(de)歷(li)史長(chang)河中,黃(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)一直興盛不衰。
黃(huang)山宮(gong)在(zai)縣、鄉兩級政府的關(guan)懷幫助下,基礎設(she)施得到(dao)很大改善(shan),2003年牌樓(lou)及門前廣場竣工,2009年修通到(dao)黃(huang)山宮(gong)45米寬的水泥(ni)路。興平市道教協會在(zai)干渠上修了弓(gong)形橋,橋北建有(you)(you)鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)。太上槐植于黃(huang)山宮(gong)院落中央(yang),南(nan)為三(san)清殿(dian),北有(you)(you)九(jiu)宮(gong)十八洞(dong),洞(dong)內供奉著各路神(shen)仙。相(xiang)傳(chuan)道教祖師老子(zi)最早在(zai)黃(huang)山宮(gong)傳(chuan)道,后遷(qian)往樓(lou)觀臺,因南(nan)北相(xiang)望,故(gu)黃(huang)山宮(gong)又(you)稱北樓(lou)觀。四(si)時八節不斷有(you)(you)人來許愿,古廟會期間朝(chao)拜人次超過10萬。
黃山(shan)(shan)宮東西(xi)兩(liang)邊(bian)平行排列著幾(ji)條(tiao)大溝,嶺(ling)高溝深(shen),黃土裸露。東邊(bian)的嶺(ling)當地人稱“鱉蓋”。西(xi)北方向(xiang)約 500米(mi)處,是新石器時代的黃山(shan)(shan)遺址。東約 20米(mi)有賀氏洞,據碑(bei)石記載,為堂(tang)主賀氏率弟子(zi)鑿(zao)成,洞口(kou)(kou)塌陷嚴重。賀氏洞以東另一條(tiao)溝崖(ya)上(shang)有三個洞口(kou)(kou),入內低頭可(ke)走,傳說很深(shen),但內部塌陷。黃山(shan)(shan)宮東面溝崖(ya)上(shang)留有窯洞 80余處,是李家坡(po)村民先祖居住過的地方。干渠以南約 100米(mi)處有自涌(yong)泉兩(liang)處,泉水(shui)流(liu)淌日夜不停,水(shui)質(zhi)含硒等對(dui)人體有益的微量礦物質(zhi)元素,清洌(lie)甘甜可(ke)飲用。
黃山(shan)宮的旅(lv)游(you)資源(yuan)種類多,而且比較集中(zhong),并毗鄰楊貴(gui)妃(fei)墓(mu)。以楊貴(gui)妃(fei)墓(mu)為龍(long)頭的馬(ma)嵬(wei)中(zhong)心地區旅(lv)游(you)雛形初現。
黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)是一處道教圣(sheng)地,相傳(chuan)老(lao)子(zi)騎青牛在樓(lou)觀臺講道時,曾夜宿黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong),“漢惠(hui)帝建黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong),漢武帝曾微服私幸,改老(lao)子(zi)祠,唐太宗以(yi)裔(yi)出,老(lao)子(zi)祠更(geng)加修繕,玄(xuan)宗幸蜀(shu)乞靈于此,手(shou)植槐(huai)焉(yan)”(據明正德年間康海(hai)所立(li)碑(bei)石記載)。盛唐詩(shi)人王維以(yi)“黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)舊繞漢宮(gong)斜”的佳句贊嘆黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)宮(gong)的美景(jing)。
歷史
其地(di)古稱黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山,西漢(han)惠帝(di)(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前193年(nian)(nian))就山勢鑿洞(dong)建(jian)廟(miao)(miao)宮(gong),供老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),成為(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)早期(qi)活動的(de)(de)地(di)方。據《東(dong)方朔傳記(ji)》載(zai)(zai),建(jian)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前138年(nian)(nian))漢(han)武帝(di)(di)穿便服出游,北至池陽,西到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)。《三(san)輔黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)圖》也記(ji)載(zai)(zai):“武帝(di)(di)微(wei)行西至黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)也”。傳說(shuo)武帝(di)(di)很孝,其母(mu)(mu)有(you)(you)病,他(ta)曾在黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)為(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)要過藥。據王莽傳記(ji)載(zai)(zai):王莽篡位時,訛言(yan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long)墮死黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)中(zhong),百姓奔(ben)走往觀(guan)者有(you)(you)萬數。到(dao)了唐(tang)(tang)代,唐(tang)(tang)太宗(zong)李(li)世民(min)因與老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)同姓,自認是(shi)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)后裔,改黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)為(wei)(wei)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宅,大(da)加(jia)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)治,并(bing)提倡道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)。唐(tang)(tang)高宗(zong)乾(qian)封(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian),進封(feng)老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)“太上玄皇(huang)帝(di)(di)”。唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)開元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian),視(shi)道(dao)(dao)士為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)室,二(er)十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)建(jian)玄元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)廟(miao)(miao)于各地(di)。安史之亂后,唐(tang)(tang)玄宗(zong)從四川回長安途經馬嵬時去黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)燒香(xiang)(xiang)朝(chao)拜老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),并(bing)在院(yuan)內(nei)親手栽植了一(yi)棵槐(huai)樹,今已1200多(duo)年(nian)(nian),成為(wei)(wei)文(wen)物(wu)。明、清兩(liang)(liang)代多(duo)有(you)(you)建(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),規模(mo)宏大(da),香(xiang)(xiang)火(huo)旺(wang)盛。清同治元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1861)陜西回民(min)起義攻打興(xing)平,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)被回民(min)義軍放(fang)火(huo)燒毀。同治十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1873)興(xing)平群(qun)眾捐(juan)款復修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)西兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)。光緒三(san)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1904)興(xing)平、乾(qian)縣、武功周圍群(qun)眾捐(juan)款重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),建(jian)有(you)(you)山門、二(er)門、鐘樓、鼓樓、卷棚、玉皇(huang)殿、三(san)清殿、老(lao)君洞(dong),靠山崖半圓形排列十(shi)六個窯洞(dong),各塑神(shen)像(xiang)。1954年(nian)(nian)拆除(chu),大(da)部分(fen)廟(miao)(miao)殿移蓋學校。“文(wen)化(hua)大(da)革命”中(zhong),神(shen)像(xiang)全被砸毀,后來窯洞(dong)逐漸倒塌。1980年(nian)(nian)后有(you)(you)一(yi)姓魏(wei)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)人居住。近年(nian)(nian)來群(qun)眾捐(juan)錢修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)中(zhong)洞(dong),塑老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)泥像(xiang),蓋三(san)間(jian)瓦房,供玉皇(huang),周圍有(you)(you)善男信女(nv)1000余人,每年(nian)(nian)農歷二(er)月十(shi)五日趕廟(miao)(miao)會。
政策扶持
馬(ma)嵬(wei)地(di)區(qu)旅(lv)游景(jing)點各具特色,楊(yang)貴妃(fei)墓(mu)以唐文化見長(chang),黃(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)突(tu)出道教文化,馬(ma)嵬(wei)驛展(zhan)示(shi)農耕(geng)文化、民俗(su)(su)文化和自然景(jing)觀,馬(ma)嵬(wei)過境段現(xian)代都市(shi)農業(ye)發(fa)達。我市(shi)要實現(xian)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)由(you)分散經(jing)(jing)營(ying)向(xiang)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)推進,將楊(yang)貴妃(fei)墓(mu)、馬(ma)嵬(wei)驛民俗(su)(su)文化村、黃(huang)(huang)山宮(gong)、馬(ma)嵬(wei)現(xian)代都市(shi)農業(ye)等景(jing)點納入整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)(she)之中(zhong),協同(tong)推進旅(lv)游資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)開發(fa)建設(she)(she)。同(tong)時(shi),將景(jing)區(qu)內各景(jing)點串(chuan)聯起來,達成成片建設(she)(she)目的(de)。目前,要聘(pin)請有關方面(mian)的(de)專家(jia)學(xue)者,對整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)制定一(yi)個(ge)全面(mian)的(de)高起點的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua),綜合考(kao)慮發(fa)展(zhan)與保護、發(fa)展(zhan)與管理的(de)關系,使整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)及景(jing)點建設(she)(she)和發(fa)展(zhan)有章可(ke)循。
濃厚的歷史文化(hua)是馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)區最具優勢的資源,提(ti)升景(jing)(jing)區景(jing)(jing)點(dian)文化(hua)神韻是下一(yi)步景(jing)(jing)區發展的核心所(suo)在(zai)。目前(qian),馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)區的文化(hua)景(jing)(jing)觀中,唐(tang)文化(hua)景(jing)(jing)觀建設(she)和(he)規劃設(she)計(ji)比較完善(shan)。黃山宮道教(jiao)文化(hua)在(zai)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)布局和(he)建設(she)上則比較弱(ruo),沒(mei)(mei)有(you)得(de)(de)到充分發掘。馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)(wei)現代都市農業還沒(mei)(mei)有(you)和(he)旅(lv)游緊(jin)緊(jin)融為一(yi)體(ti),資源價(jia)值(zhi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)得(de)(de)到合理(li)利用。下一(yi)步,馬(ma)(ma)嵬(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)區應當(dang)突出(chu)重點(dian)、整(zheng)體(ti)推進(jin),在(zai)傳承與創新、保護與發展的基(ji)礎上,突顯(xian)歷史文化(hua)、自然生態(tai)、旅(lv)游發展的融合,增強景(jing)(jing)區的文化(hua)輻射和(he)品牌價(jia)值(zhi)。