地(di)處雅安市滎經縣城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)古城(cheng)坪。位(wei)于中(zhong)峻山下滎河南岸的第(di)三階地(di)上(shang)。臺地(di)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)約九(jiu)百(bai)米(mi)(mi),南北(bei)寬約七百(bai)五十米(mi)(mi),高出滎河約四十米(mi)(mi)。滎經是巴蜀(shu)文化的發(fa)源(yuan)地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)。滎經古嚴(yan)道(dao)文化早于廣漢(han)三星堆文化。古嚴(yan)道(dao)城(cheng)為南方(fang)絲(si)綢之(zhi)路上(shang)的重要(yao)驛站,牦牛(niu)道(dao)的起點。城(cheng)垣(yuan)板(ban)夯而成(cheng),夯層厚達二十厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。現存南墻(qiang)和東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)角墻(qiang)體(ti)較好,中(zhong)段(duan)發(fa)現有城(cheng)門遺跡。嚴(yan)道(dao)縣城(cheng)由(you)主城(cheng)和子(zi)城(cheng)兩部分組(zu)成(cheng)。主城(cheng)平(ping)面約呈正方(fang)形,東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)400米(mi)(mi),南北(bei)寬375米(mi)(mi)。夯土中(zhong)發(fa)現漢(han)代陶罐、甕、缽、筒(tong)瓦等殘片。子(zi)城(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)約300米(mi)(mi),南北(bei)寬約200米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)墻(qiang)建筑方(fang)法與主城(cheng)同。東(dong)(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)殘高1.2米(mi)(mi),寬1.5米(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)內(nei)夾有大量(liang)漢(han)代遺物。
2006年,嚴道城址被國務(wu)院列為第六批(pi)全國重點文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。
主(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)略(lve)呈正方(fang)形(xing),東西長約400米(mi),南北寬約375米(mi)。子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)建在主(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)西北,平(ping)面(mian)(mian)近似(si)長方(fang)形(xing),東西長約300米(mi),南北寬約200~270米(mi)。嚴道城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)周圍還(huan)發現了(le)曾家溝(gou)春秋戰(zhan)國墓群、同(tong)心村巴(ba)蜀戰(zhan)國墓群、牛頭山(shan)磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓群、青(qing)下壩磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓群、烈(lie)太戰(zhan)國墓群、高(gao)(gao)梁灣(wan)巖墓群、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)廟秦漢墓群、水井坎(kan)溝(gou)巖墓群。嚴道城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)與位(wei)于雅安市滎經縣(xian)烈(lie)士鄉(xiang)馮家村的何(he)君尊楗閣刻石相距12千米(mi),至(zhi)今仍可辨一條險峻古(gu)道與之相連。嚴道城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)為研究(jiu)西南地區的經濟、文化(hua)、民族史及“南方(fang)絲綢之路(lu)”等提(ti)供了(le)重要的資料(liao)。
滎經(jing)初的居(ju)民(min)是由本地(di)(di)土著的巴(ba)蜀民(min)族氐羌系(xi)統(tong)的徙、笮、青衣等(deng)族人(ren)及外來(lai)的楚人(ren)(也(ye)(ye)應該包括有舜的后(hou)裔,因楚文(wen)化也(ye)(ye)有舜文(wen)化的成(cheng)分(fen))構成(cheng)。春秋戰國(guo)之(zhi)際,楚莊王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)后(hou)裔岷(min)(min)山莊王(wang)(wang),約于公元前六世(shi)(shi)紀至(zhi)四世(shi)(shi)紀,以滎經(jing)城為(wei)中(zhong)心的楚人(ren)建立了附庸于楚國(guo)的岷(min)(min)山王(wang)(wang)國(guo)。滎經(jing)縣在岷(min)(min)山莊王(wang)(wang)管轄時代(dai),地(di)(di)理位(wei)置非常(chang)重要,水(shui)、陸交(jiao)通十分(fen)方(fang)便(bian),所以成(cheng)為(wei)楚國(guo)從麗水(shui)地(di)(di)區運(yun)送黃金的轉運(yun)站。岷(min)(min)山莊王(wang)(wang)以莊為(wei)氏(shi),他(ta)是楚王(wang)(wang)派在滎經(jing)管理麗水(shui)地(di)(di)區黃金的代(dai)理人(ren)。
至秦滅蜀后,岷山(shan)莊王族(zu)被迫(po)“南遷滇池”,因而后來的滇王莊嬌也(ye)應是楚莊王之(zhi)(zhi)后裔(yi)。公元前六(liu)世紀時,滎(ying)經(jing)便已是蜀國開(kai)明(ming)(ming)王朝的銅(tong)冶(ye)基(ji)地(di),同時也(ye)是開(kai)明(ming)(ming)蜀國的銅(tong)器、牦牛、笮馬(ma)貿易的中心。為(wei)取得(de)牦牛、笮馬(ma)和銅(tong)冶(ye)資源,秦國于公元前329年吞(tun)并蜀國,并從上郡(jun)(現(xian)陜(shan)北(bei)地(di)區)遷來大(da)批(pi)“嚴允(yun)” 羌(qiang)人(ren)(ren),不(bu)久便以(yi)“嚴允(yun)”羌(qiang)人(ren)(ren)和本(ben)地(di)人(ren)(ren)“迎”部(bu)(bu)羌(qiang)人(ren)(ren)(戰國時期(qi)南遷的羌(qiang)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)一部(bu)(bu),該羌(qiang)人(ren)(ren)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)酋長(chang)叫“迎”),修筑了從臨(lin)(lin)邛(qiong)(qiong)(今邛(qiong)(qiong)崍市臨(lin)(lin)邛(qiong)(qiong)鎮)至今滎(ying)經(jing)的道(dao)路,秦時“嚴”與“迎”同音(yin),故(gu)所修之(zhi)(zhi)路稱為(wei)“嚴道(dao)”(此路漢代時,從成(cheng)都起經(jing)嚴道(dao)至云(yun)南,可(ke)直達緬甸(dian)北(bei)部(bu)(bu),再(zai)轉(zhuan)至印(yin)度(du),此路與通過各部(bu)(bu)落(luo)的民間商路合(he)稱為(wei)古(gu)代“南方絲綢之(zhi)(zhi)路”。2004年發現(xian)于雅安滎(ying)經(jing)縣的東漢“何君尊楗閣”摩崖(ya)石刻(ke)便印(yin)證了此路的存在(zai))。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)316年,秦(qin)(qin)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)設(she)置嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(治所就在(zai)(zai)今滎經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)鎮的近郊(jiao)六合鄉(xiang)古(gu)城坪),隸于(yu)(yu)蜀國守。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)312年(即(ji)秦(qin)(qin)惠文王(wang)后(hou)元(yuan)十三(san)年),秦(qin)(qin)惠文王(wang)的異母兄弟樗(chu)里疾因戰功顯(xian)赫(he)并從(cong)(cong)楚(chu)國奪(duo)取(qu)漢(han)中而(er)封爵于(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),號為(wei)“嚴(yan)君(jun)”,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)306年(秦(qin)(qin)昭襄王(wang)三(san)年),樗(chu)里疾被任為(wei)秦(qin)(qin)國相。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)285年 (秦(qin)(qin)昭襄王(wang)二十二年),秦(qin)(qin)廢蜀國守,設(she)蜀郡,嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)隸之(zhi)(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)223年,秦(qin)(qin)滅楚(chu),遷(qian)楚(chu)莊王(wang)(于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)613—590年在(zai)(zai)位,為(wei)春秋五霸之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi))之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci),因而(er)嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)又名(ming)“莊道(dao)(dao)(dao)”,直至東漢(han)因避(bi)漢(han)明帝劉莊之(zhi)(zhi)諱而(er)停用此(ci)(ci)名(ming)。漢(han)文帝劉恒(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)179-156年)時,賜幸臣(chen)鄧通(tong)于(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)銅(tong)山冶銅(tong)鑄錢(qian),隨(sui)即(ji)有“鄧氏錢(qian),布天下”一(yi)說(shuo)。直至唐(tang)武(wu)德三(san)年(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)620年),唐(tang)設(she)“榮(rong)經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)”。明洪武(wu)十三(san)年(1380年),榮(rong)字改木從(cong)(cong)水,“榮(rong)經(jing)”設(she)為(wei)“滎經(jing)”。