地理坐(zuo)標:東(dong)(dong)(dong)經93°10′54″,北(bei)緯43°39′40″。海拔1644米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址為方(fang)形,有(you)(you)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)附城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)分。兩(liang)(liang)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)并(bing)列(lie),相互間(jian)僅一(yi)(yi)墻之(zhi)隔,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)相通。均為夯(hang)土筑,夯(hang)層厚10—15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)210米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高近(jin)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。僅西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻開(kai)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men),門(men)(men)寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)北(bei)端(duan)(duan)(duan)置(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge),南(nan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)置(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)面(mian)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)。北(bei)墻有(you)(you)馬(ma)(ma)面(mian)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge),保存較好的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)墻中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)敵(di)臺一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)墻即(ji)附城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻,除在中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)開(kai)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)道(dao)可進出(chu)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外,在附城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內置(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)面(mian)三(san)個(ge)(ge),門(men)(men)道(dao)北(bei)端(duan)(duan)(duan)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge),南(nan)端(duan)(duan)(duan)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)四角設(she)有(you)(you)角樓,現(xian)僅西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)角和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)角保存較好。附城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)居東(dong)(dong)(dong),南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)240米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)177米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣高4—5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。南(nan)墻西(xi)(xi)(xi)端(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)北(bei)墻中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)各有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)缺口,或為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)所在。東(dong)(dong)(dong)墻中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)敵(di)臺。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內曾一(yi)(yi)度被墾(ken)為農田(tian),部(bu)(bu)分區域因取土肥田(tian),將地表挖出(chu)許多坑穴(xue),另在附城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)借(jie)助城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻壘(lei)砌一(yi)(yi)牧畜圈,現(xian)已廢棄。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內建筑遺跡均已不存。
城(cheng)內出土(tu)文(wen)物(wu)較(jiao)為(wei)豐富(fu),主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)、石器(qi)、建筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)及少量錢幣等(deng)(deng)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)以泥質(zhi)灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)主,黑陶(tao)(tao)(tao)和(he)紅陶(tao)(tao)(tao)較(jiao)少,多為(wei)輪制。紋飾有(you)(you)(you)水波紋、弦紋、戳紋和(he)按(an)捺紋等(deng)(deng)。器(qi)型以罐、盆、甕等(deng)(deng)居多。石器(qi)均為(wei)大型磨盤類(lei)器(qi)物(wu),有(you)(you)(you)馬鞍(an)形(xing)或圓形(xing)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)(you)(you)蓮花瓦當、蓮花鋪地磚。此外,還有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)鏡、銅(tong)佛、鐵剪、唐(tang)代開元通寶等(deng)(deng)。
1957 年(nian)被(bei)列(lie)為新疆(jiang)維吾爾自治(zhi)區文物(wu)保(bao)護單位。2001年(nian)位列(lie)于(yu)國務(wu)院公布的(de)第五批(pi)全國重點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位名單。2006年(nian)在(zai)國家發改委的(de)資金支持(chi)下,對其實施了保(bao)護設(she)施項目,主要有3000米(mi)的(de)遺址保(bao)護圍欄、修(xiu)建(jian)看護房(fang)、1000米(mi)的(de)展示設(she)施等。
史書記載,唐王朝(chao)平(ping)定高昌叛亂之(zhi)(zhi)后,加大了(le)對西(xi)域(yu)的(de)(de)統治力度(du),在(zai)(zai)西(xi)域(yu)設置(zhi)了(le)西(xi)州(zhou)和北(bei)庭都護府(fu),并效仿漢代在(zai)(zai)此實行兵(bing)屯(tun)(tun)制度(du)。據《唐六典》卷七(qi)記載,唐朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)域(yu)的(de)(de)屯(tun)(tun)田,安西(xi)都護府(fu)有二(er)十屯(tun)(tun),疏(shu)勒(le)有七(qi)屯(tun)(tun),焉耆有七(qi)屯(tun)(tun),北(bei)庭都護府(fu)有二(er)十屯(tun)(tun),伊(yi)吾軍(jun)(jun)有一屯(tun)(tun),天山(shan)軍(jun)(jun)有一屯(tun)(tun),共五十六屯(tun)(tun)。每五十頃為(wei)一屯(tun)(tun)。《舊(jiu)唐書·地理志(zhi)》載:“伊(yi)吾軍(jun)(jun),在(zai)(zai)伊(yi)州(zhou)(哈密)西(xi)北(bei)三百里(li)甘(gan)露川,兵(bing)三千(qian)人(ren),地五千(qian)畝,馬(ma)三百匹。” 伊(yi)吾軍(jun)(jun)亦(yi)兵(bing)亦(yi)農,屯(tun)(tun)田自給,減輕(qing)了(le)國家財政支(zhi)出,避(bi)免了(le)給養長(chang)途運輸(shu)的(de)(de)麻(ma)煩(fan),增加了(le)供應(ying),也(ye)讓軍(jun)(jun)士(shi)們增長(chang)了(le)生活能力,實在(zai)(zai)是極(ji)好的(de)(de)辦法(fa)。更為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)是,扼(e)守(shou)絲綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)東(dong)西(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)沖,也(ye)表達了(le)軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)永(yong)久(jiu)駐(zhu)扎絕不讓分裂者有一絲可乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)機的(de)(de)立場(chang)。
在(zai)遠離城池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)它軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)要道上(shang),唐(tang)軍(jun)(jun)還筑(zhu)了(le)不(bu)少烽(feng)燧,城池(chi)、烽(feng)燧相(xiang)望(wang),隨時(shi)(shi)觀察了(le)解(jie)軍(jun)(jun)情,及時(shi)(shi)上(shang)報指揮部。駐守(shou)(shou)(shou)烽(feng)火(huo)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵士(shi)(shi),也大都在(zai)其(qi)周圍墾(ken)田種植(zhi)。城池(chi)、烽(feng)燧相(xiang)望(wang),伊(yi)吾軍(jun)(jun)、駐守(shou)(shou)(shou)高昌(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瀚海(hai)軍(jun)(jun)、駐守(shou)(shou)(shou)北庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)山軍(jun)(jun)互為犄角(jiao),穩定了(le)唐(tang)在(zai)天(tian)山以北局勢(shi)。 這時(shi)(shi),“初唐(tang)四杰”之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)名(ming)詩人駱賓(bin)王從軍(jun)(jun)來到伊(yi)吾軍(jun)(jun)駐地(di),看到駐軍(jun)(jun)將士(shi)(shi)艱苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)屯田生活和守(shou)(shou)(shou)衛邊(bian)(bian)疆(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豪氣(qi),揮筆寫下《夕(xi)次(ci)蒲類(lei)津》的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩篇:“二庭(ting)歸望(wang)斷,萬(wan)里客心愁(chou)。山路猶南屬,河源自北流。晚風(feng)連朔(shuo)氣(qi),新月照(zhao)邊(bian)(bian)秋。灶火(huo)通軍(jun)(jun)壁(bi),烽(feng)煙上(shang)戍樓。龍(long)庭(ting)但(dan)苦戰,燕頷會封侯。莫作蘭山下,空令漢 國羞。” 一(yi)勾新月,清冷(leng)皎潔,北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)寒氣(qi)吹冰了(le)戍邊(bian)(bian)戰士(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)衣甲。煮晚餐的(de)(de)(de)(de)灶火(huo)映紅了(le)帳幕(mu)內外,映紅了(le)耕作歸來的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵士(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臉膛。給大家帶來一(yi)些(xie)暖意。吃完熱(re)騰騰的(de)(de)(de)(de)晚飯,該鉆進溫暖的(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)窩美美睡上(shang)一(yi)覺,消除(chu)一(yi)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疲勞。忽然望(wang)見遠處烽(feng)火(huo)臺(tai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)烽(feng)火(huo)燃起,一(yi)陣急促的(de)(de)(de)(de)梆子聲(sheng)催動(dong),戰士(shi)(shi)們立(li)刻(ke)全(quan)副武裝,登上(shang)戍樓,嚴(yan)陣以待(dai),隨時(shi)(shi)準(zhun)備投入激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰斗(dou)。