小(xiao)南(nan)海石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)位于浙江省衢(qu)州(zhou)市,沿衢(qu)江北岸分(fen)布(bu),開(kai)(kai)鑿(zao)于江畔(pan)紅(hong)砂(sha)巖山體(ti)中(zhong),是宋代至清代的遺址(zhi)。現存(cun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)總數超過(guo)50座。可能(neng)是古代石(shi)(shi)(shi)礦遺址(zhi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)口形式有(you)(you)二種,一(yi)為(wei)沿懸崖峭(qiao)壁處(chu)平(ping)行往(wang)縱深開(kai)(kai)鑿(zao),其二為(wei)山坡平(ping)面(mian)開(kai)(kai)方形口子,往(wang)下(xia)開(kai)(kai)鑿(zao)。從入(ru)口開(kai)(kai)始,有(you)(you)階(jie)梯狀臺級逐級展開(kai)(kai)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)面(mian)多呈(cheng)方形,有(you)(you)些(xie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)頂呈(cheng)弧狀;石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內隔一(yi)定(ding)間(jian)距留(liu)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱;多數石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的巖壁上留(liu)有(you)(you)一(yi)排(pai)排(pai)整齊的鐵釬鑿(zao)痕(hen);各室(shi)(shi)(shi)之間(jian)沒有(you)(you)發現有(you)(you)規律的分(fen)布(bu),但有(you)(you)些(xie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)相互緊(jin)鄰,可能(neng)屬于同一(yi)個開(kai)(kai)采個體(ti);有(you)(you)些(xie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)相隔數十公分(fen)卻不相通(tong)。從采石(shi)(shi)(shi)角度(du)(du)講,愈是往(wang)下(xia),紅(hong)砂(sha)巖的風化程度(du)(du)愈小(xiao),石(shi)(shi)(shi)材的成(cheng)材率愈高;但同時太縱深的開(kai)(kai)采在(zai)當時技術(shu)條件下(xia)容(rong)易造(zao)成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材往(wang)上、往(wang)外運輸方面(mian)的困難,這時可能(neng)會迫使開(kai)(kai)礦者另外再擇址(zhi)開(kai)(kai)采。現大部分(fen)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)保存(cun)較好,有(you)(you)些(xie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)經旅游開(kai)(kai)發,成(cheng)為(wei)大眾參(can)觀游賞(shang)的勝地(di)。2013年5月被(bei)國務院核定(ding)為(wei)全國重點重點文物保護(hu)單位。
發展歷史
石室形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)時代據現(xian)(xian)有資(zi)料還無法確(que)定(ding)。有人根據石室中的(de)(de)蟲(chong)鳥(niao)雕(diao)刻判定(ding)為(wei)漢或南(nan)朝(chao);南(nan)宋周大(da)(da)忠有“五丁(ding)運神斧,開鑿自何年”之詩(shi)句,說明石室早(zao)開鑿時間要遠早(zao)于當(dang)時。但從當(dang)地社(she)會發展因(yin)素考慮,大(da)(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)開采或大(da)(da)部(bu)分石室的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng),應在宋元時期(qi)和(he)之后(hou),包括砌筑(zhu)城墻及民居建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)量使用此類石材等(deng)。現(xian)(xian)大(da)(da)部(bu)分石室保(bao)存(cun)較好,有些石室經旅游開發,成(cheng)為(wei)大(da)(da)眾參觀游賞的(de)(de)勝(sheng)地。