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關西世家(jia)
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懸掛“關西世家”橫匾的楊氏宗祠,位于浙江省龍游縣志棠鄉楊家村,距龍游城30公里。 該楊氏宗祠是明代萬歷年間留下來的古建筑,至今已有400多年歷史。楊氏宗祠門樓,氣勢壯觀。重檐歇山頂,檐下木質橫匾上刻正書“關西世家”四個大字,端莊凝重。正脊中部,置一葫蘆狀飾物,正門兩側立有素面抱鼓石。1986年7月楊氏宗祠被定為縣級文物保護單位。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 浙江省衢州市龍游縣志棠鄉楊(yang)家村
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級第(di)七批(明(ming))
介紹攻略(lve)

建筑風格

關(guan)西(xi)世(shi)家坐北朝南,前(qian)后(hou)(hou)兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin),并設(she)(she)戲(xi)臺(tai),兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)均為(wei)三開間,通(tong)面闊12米,通(tong)進(jin)(jin)深24米,面積(ji)282平方米。一(yi)進(jin)(jin)門廳,前(qian)設(she)(she)門樓,重檐歇(xie)山頂,斗栱(gong)為(wei)一(yi)斗六升(sheng),明間設(she)(she)一(yi)活動戲(xi)臺(tai)。一(yi)進(jin)(jin)與(yu)二(er)進(jin)(jin)天井兩(liang)(liang)側為(wei)過(guo)廊。二(er)進(jin)(jin)正廳,梁(liang)架(jia)為(wei)九檁,明間五架(jia)梁(liang)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)雙步用四柱(zhu),次間用中柱(zhu),梁(liang)架(jia)均為(wei)磚(zhuan)制,從墻上隱(yin)出。正廳東側山墻上嵌(qian)有一(yi)石碑,記載(zai)了(le)建(jian)房經歷、年(nian)代及(ji)周圍環境(jing)建(jian)設(she)(she)等相關(guan)情況。

關西世(shi)家,門樓制(zhi)作工藝精(jing)湛,氣勢(shi)威嚴(yan)壯觀。山墻梁(liang)架,采用磚(zhuan)制(zhi),為龍游縣明(ming)代建筑(zhu)的一大(da)特色。是浙江省地(di)方特色明(ming)顯的明(ming)代祠堂(tang)建筑(zhu)。

“關西(xi)(xi)世(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)”整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)由(you)前(qian)廳(ting)(ting)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)兩(liang)部(bu)分組成,坐(zuo)東朝西(xi)(xi),三(san)(san)開間(jian),占地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)282平方(fang)米(mi),前(qian)廳(ting)(ting)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)略(lve)大(da)(da)于(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting),前(qian)廳(ting)(ting)內沒有活動戲臺(tai)(tai)一(yi)(yi)座,架于(yu)柱(zhu)間(jian),戲臺(tai)(tai)分左右兩(liang)部(bu)分,大(da)(da)小一(yi)(yi)樣(yang),均(jun)(jun)是(shi)長5米(mi),寬1.27米(mi),高1.63米(mi),中(zhong)間(jian)鋪板(ban),板(ban)長1.3米(mi),戲臺(tai)(tai)四(si)角臺(tai)(tai)柱(zhu)頭均(jun)(jun)是(shi)蓮(lian)花結頂一(yi)(yi)類圖(tu)案(an)。這種(zhong)古(gu)樸堅(jian)實(shi)、可(ke)裝可(ke)拆(chai)可(ke)抬(tai)的(de)(de)明(ming)朝戲臺(tai)(tai),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)浙(zhe)江省也是(shi)罕(han)見(jian)的(de)(de)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)后(hou)(hou)(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)檐額(e)枋正中(zhong),懸(xuan)木(mu)質(zhi)匾額(e)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai),上正書(shu)“三(san)(san)(zhan)堂”三(san)(san)字。后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)所有木(mu)質(zhi)柱(zhu)均(jun)(jun)呈梭形(xing),礎為(wei)(wei)(wei)(木(mu)質(zhi))形(xing);三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(南北(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)墻(qiang)(qiang)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)檐墻(qiang)(qiang))上的(de)(de)柱(zhu)、梁架及斗拱、枋,均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陶(tao)質(zhi),古(gu)樸大(da)(da)方(fang)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)年代刻在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)上的(de)(de)石碑上,時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)“萬歷(li)元年(1573年)八(ba)月二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)日”,由(you)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)官五(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造。 “關西(xi)(xi)世(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)”南側,有半月形(xing)水(shui)塘(tang)一(yi)(yi)口,常年清水(shui)滿塘(tang),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)千平方(fang)有余(yu),不僅(jin)供村(cun)民(min)洗滌(di)之(zhi)用,且(qie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)調(diao)節溫、濕度(du)和(he)(he)消防之(zhi)用。塘(tang)沿(yan)樟木(mu)一(yi)(yi)株,樹齡四(si)百余(yu)年,古(gu)老雄健(jian),粗枝繁葉(xie),這是(shi)“關西(xi)(xi)世(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)”的(de)(de)歷(li)史見(jian)證。 “關西(xi)(xi)世(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)”追溯其(qi)名,可(ke)由(you)此(ci)探索(suo)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)將后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)浙(zhe)江的(de)(de)支系。據《漢書(shu)》記(ji)載:“后(hou)(hou)(hou)漢楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)震。時(shi)人(ren)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)‘關西(xi)(xi)孔(kong)子楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)伯起’,伯起,字震,震為(wei)(wei)(wei)弘(hong)農(nong)華陰人(ren),地居函谷(gu)關西(xi)(xi),故云。”《宋(song)史》《楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業(ye)傳(chuan)》中(zhong)記(ji)載,北(bei)(bei)宋(song)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業(ye)(?一(yi)(yi)986年),山西(xi)(xi)太(tai)原(yuan)人(ren),又稱楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繼業(ye),楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)令公。其(qi)子楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)延昭均(jun)(jun)是(shi)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)將中(zhong)卓顯者。《龍(long)(long)(long)游(you)縣(xian)志》和(he)(he)《楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏宗(zong)譜》記(ji)載,楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏始祖宗(zong)明(ming)公避患難(nan)致仕(shi)歸田,遷(qian)(qian)居浦(pu)城。到南宋(song)紹興二(er)(er)十(shi)年(1150年),楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)明(ming)任睦州(今(jin)淳安)刺史,后(hou)(hou)(hou)遷(qian)(qian)居梅岑五(wu)(wu)都壽昌迥溪(今(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)德縣(xian)大(da)(da)店口鄉),再(zai)遷(qian)(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)游(you)縣(xian)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)。楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)明(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏之(zhi)祖。傳(chuan)說(shuo),楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)明(ming)是(shi)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)保之(zhi)堂弟。“天門一(yi)(yi)百零八(ba)陣,陣陣不離穆掛英”,宗(zong)明(ming)因(yin)不遵兄嫂之(zhi)命,遭遇挫折,只身逃(tao)出虎(hu)口,避難(nan)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)浦(pu)城,后(hou)(hou)(hou)任睦州刺史。 這說(shuo)明(ming)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)明(ming)與楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)將的(de)(de)血(xue)緣關系。還有一(yi)(yi)點可(ke)證實(shi)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)對(dui)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業(ye)奉若神明(ming),每年農(nong)歷(li)一(yi)(yi)月十(shi)日至十(shi)二(er)(er)日,要去(qu)離楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)五(wu)(wu)里地的(de)(de)地方(fang),把楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)令公的(de)(de)神像接到楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏宗(zong)祠的(de)(de)古(gu)戲臺(tai)(tai)上,演(yan)二(er)(er)日三(san)(san)夜戲。 民(min)國三(san)(san)年(1914年),族長請人(ren)精雕細刻了(le)一(yi)(yi)副(fu)“楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)令公的(de)(de)鑾駕(jia)”。”鑾駕(jia)”本只有皇(huang)帝(di)才有,皇(huang)帝(di)娘娘也只有半副(fu),而楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)令公卻有完整(zheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)副(fu),這是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)令公為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宋(song)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有奇(qi)功殊勛。有詩可(ke)證:“太(tai)原(yuan)繼業(ye)獨鐘靈,卓縈(ying)胸藏萬甲兵(bing),摧敵破困能解凍,守君驚訝(ya)詢威名。”這副(fu)鑾駕(jia)共(gong)有六(liu)十(shi)四(si)件(jian),現(xian)存五(wu)(wu)十(shi)七件(jian),極(ji)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)儀仗,長約二(er)(er)米(mi)多(duo)(duo),其(qi)中(zhong)圖(tu)案(an)、兵(bing)器頭長約五(wu)(wu)十(shi)公分,稀奇(qi)的(de)(de)是(shi),儀仗兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)均(jun)(jun)有縷雕,如(ru)(ru)“掌扇老頭”、“黃母(mu)八(ba)仙”、“天官賜(si)福(fu)”、“魁星點斗”、“招財進寶”等(deng)形(xing)象刻得栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)(ru)生(sheng),呼之(zhi)欲出;兵(bing)器中(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),如(ru)(ru)“梅花槍”(又叫楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)滾花槍)、青龍(long)(long)(long)刀、盤龍(long)(long)(long)棍(gun)等(deng),金(jin)光閃閃,酷(ku)似(si)真武(wu)器,每當迎揚令公進楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)和(he)(he)農(nong)歷(li)一(yi)(yi)月十(shi)三(san)(san)日歸位(wei)時(shi),這副(fu)鑾駕(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)開路,平時(shi),這些兵(bing)器置放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“關西(xi)(xi)世(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)”進門處,顯示楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)將的(de)(de)威風。 現(xian)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)家(jia)(jia)村(cun)將迥溪楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏宗(zong)譜五(wu)(wu)卷完整(zheng)無(wu)缺(que)地保存著。1986年7月楊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏宗(zong)祠被定為(wei)(wei)(wei)縣(xian)級文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。

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