人(ren)物介紹李元諒(732),唐代安息(今伊朗(lang))人(ren),本(ben)姓安,出生于(yu)(yu)伊斯蘭教世家。自幼由宦官駱(luo)(luo)奉先收養,改姓駱(luo)(luo),名(ming)元光(guang)。唐德宗時(shi)著名(ming)將(jiang)領,曾數次(ci)參加平叛(pan),屢建功績,升華州刺史(shi),加檢校尚書左仆射,封(feng)武康郡王。德宗貞元三(san)年(nian)(787年(nian)),吐蕃向(xiang)大唐請和,雙方商定會盟(meng)于(yu)(yu)平涼(liang)。吐蕃劫盟(meng),駱(luo)(luo)元光(guang)率部接應,救(jiu)出會盟(meng)主(zhu)帥渾瑊,其余(yu)隨行(xing)官員(yuan)千余(yu)人(ren)皆(jie)被俘,當(dang)時(shi)如(ru)無駱(luo)(luo)元光(guang)的機智果斷,則會全軍覆(fu)沒。故此(ci),唐德宗予以嘉獎,并賜(si)姓李氏,改名(ming)元諒。
貞(zhen)元四年(nian)(788年(nian)),加封李元諒(liang)為(wei)隴右節度使(shi),駐守良原(今靈臺(tai)縣梁原)。不(bu)久(jiu)又(you)(you)擴展防區,收復失地(di),新筑崇(chong)(chong)信城。貞(zhen)元九年(nian)(793年(nian))十一月,李元諒(liang)因積勞成(cheng)疾(ji),長眠于這片他(ta)曾為(wei)此(ci)付出了半生(sheng)心血的(de)(de)地(di)方,享年(nian)六十二(er)歲。根據他(ta)的(de)(de)遺愿,人們把他(ta)的(de)(de)墳墓筑在崇(chong)(chong)信縣城西北面(mian)的(de)(de)高山上。1981年(nian)9月10日(ri),被甘肅省(sheng)人民政府公布為(wei)省(sheng)級重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位。武(wu)康王(wang)廟(miao)(miao):第(di)五批(pi)全國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位。明、清(qing)時(shi)又(you)(you)名李元諒(liang)寢宮(gong),俗稱(cheng)城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao),為(wei)奉祀(si)唐代(dai)武(wu)康郡(jun)王(wang)、隴右節度使(shi)李元諒(liang)而建。位于甘肅省(sheng)平(ping)涼市崇(chong)(chong)信縣城東街。占地(di)3337平(ping)方米,由(you)寢宮(gong)和(he)拜(bai)殿組成(cheng)。
梁、檁(lin)(lin)交接(jie)處(chu)用蜀柱(zhu)帶(dai)斗拱。斗拱用材較(jiao)大,斗拱與柱(zhu)子之比(bi)為(wei) 27%;檐(yan)柱(zhu)內傾,柱(zhu)子斷(duan)面(mian)與高度為(wei)1:8.13;屋頂(ding)平緩(huan),屋頂(ding)起(qi)坡(po)與跨度的比(bi)例為(wei)1:3.58。 拜(bai)殿面(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian),進深一間(jian),磚木(mu)結構,四檁(lin)(lin)卷棚(peng)頂(ding),兩山做成(cheng)攢(zan)尖式樣。柱(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)施(shi)三踩單昂(ang)頭(tou)(tou)栱,昂(ang)頭(tou)(tou)雕(diao)成(cheng)象鼻、虎頭(tou)(tou)、鳳頭(tou)(tou),外拽(zhuai)瓜栱透雕(diao)行龍或卷草紋。
武康王(wang)廟是甘(gan)肅保存的(de)(de)為(wei)數不(bu)多的(de)(de)有元代(dai)特點的(de)(de)木構建(jian)筑之一,其鋪作形(xing)制、材分制度基本合乎宋《營(ying)造法(fa)(fa)式(shi)》的(de)(de)規定(ding),但(dan)又融合了明(ming)代(dai)手法(fa)(fa)和甘(gan)肅地方工藝(yi),具(ju)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)藝(yi)術價(jia)值和科學(xue)價(jia)值。2001年06月25日,武康王(wang)廟作為(wei)明(ming)、清(qing)時期古建(jian)筑,被國(guo)務院批(pi)準列入(ru)第五批(pi)全國(guo)重點文物保護(hu)單位名單。
據縣(xian)(xian)志記(ji)載(zai),崇(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)民因他“開(kai)拓疆土,修(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鎮城,德被(bei)民生,感恩王功”,于(yu)唐德宗貞(zhen)元(yuan)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(797年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))前(qian)后(hou),在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)城東門外一百二十(shi)步建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)祠塑(su)像(xiang),春秋(qiu)祭祀(si)。宋哲宗紹圣(sheng)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1097年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)王需(xu)修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)廟貌。明(ming)太祖(zu)洪武三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1370年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),縣(xian)(xian)民李斗等人(ren)(ren)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)城內(nei)。明(ming)英(ying)宗天順(shun)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1463年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)吉泰將(jiang)原廟址(zhi)內(nei)四(si)根宋、元(yuan)時期鐫刻石柱移入,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)亭(ting)于(yu)殿(dian)前(qian)。明(ming)神宗萬歷三(san)(san)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)邊(bian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)柱以塑(su)像(xiang)主次(ci)不當,又未能變更,將(jiang)大(da)殿(dian)改為(wei)寢宮,另建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)正(zheng)殿(dian)于(yu)前(qian)。明(ming)思宗崇(chong)禎六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),兵燹殿(dian)亭(ting)俱毀,僅剩寢宮。清德宗光緒二十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)陳(chen)兆康修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)大(da)殿(dian),并重修(xiu)(xiu)獻殿(dian)。1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)華民國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府(fu)對武康廟進行修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan),利用(yong)殿(dian)宇儲糧。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立,武康王廟劃撥縣(xian)(xian)糧食(shi)部門使用(yong)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月9日(ri)(ri),崇(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)民政府(fu)公(gong)(gong)布其為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單位。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月29日(ri)(ri),甘(gan)肅省人(ren)(ren)民政府(fu)公(gong)(gong)布其為(wei)第五(wu)批省級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單位。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月25日(ri)(ri),中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院公(gong)(gong)布其為(wei)第五(wu)批全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護單位。 現存的(de)武康王廟總體布局呈南北(bei)縱長形(xing),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分別位于(yu)南北(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上。武康王廟坐(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)南,面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian),進深三(san)(san)間(jian),由(you)內(nei)外兩(liang)周柱網組成(cheng)(cheng),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)坐(zuo)落在(zai)一個樸素的(de)臺基(ji)上,單檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding),正(zheng)面(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)三(san)(san)間(jian)是格扇門,兩(liang)端(duan)盡間(jian)的(de)山(shan)墻(qiang)和(he)后(hou)部用(yong)厚實(shi)的(de)土墻(qiang)圍繞。外廊兩(liang)側(ce)的(de)檐(yan)柱略向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心傾斜并逐(zhu)漸升高,在(zai)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上將(jiang)這種(zhong)做法稱為(wei)側(ce)腳和(he)升起。柱上和(he)開(kai)間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)又置(zhi)以形(xing)式龐大(da)有(you)力的(de)斗栱,上面(mian)挑出(chu)屋(wu)檐(yan),使人(ren)(ren)感覺屋(wu)頂(ding)非(fei)常雄壯有(you)力,莊(zhuang)重和(he)諧(xie)。 武康王廟雖經(jing)明(ming)代(dai)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)續(xu)修(xiu)(xiu),但大(da)木(mu)構(gou)架還保(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)了宋代(dai)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)特色(se),它是甘(gan)肅省乃至西(xi)北(bei)地區木(mu)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)早(zao)期構(gou)件較多、時代(dai)較早(zao)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之一,是研究西(xi)北(bei)地區古代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)和(he)生態環境的(de)真實(shi)依據,具有(you)很(hen)高的(de)歷史價值。