人物(wu)介紹李元諒(liang)(liang)(732),唐代(dai)安(an)息(今(jin)伊(yi)朗)人,本姓安(an),出生于伊(yi)斯(si)蘭教世家(jia)。自幼(you)由宦官駱奉(feng)先收養,改(gai)姓駱,名元光(guang)(guang)。唐德(de)(de)宗時(shi)(shi)著名將領(ling),曾(ceng)數次(ci)參(can)加(jia)平(ping)(ping)叛,屢建功績,升華州刺史,加(jia)檢校尚書(shu)左仆射(she),封武康郡王。德(de)(de)宗貞元三年(787年),吐蕃向大唐請和(he),雙方商定會盟于平(ping)(ping)涼。吐蕃劫盟,駱元光(guang)(guang)率部接應,救(jiu)出會盟主帥渾瑊(zhen),其(qi)余隨行(xing)官員千余人皆(jie)被(bei)俘,當時(shi)(shi)如無(wu)駱元光(guang)(guang)的(de)機智果斷,則會全軍覆(fu)沒。故(gu)此,唐德(de)(de)宗予以嘉獎,并賜姓李氏,改(gai)名元諒(liang)(liang)。
貞元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四年(788年),加封李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)(liang)為隴右(you)節(jie)度使(shi),駐守良原(今靈(ling)臺縣(xian)(xian)梁原)。不久(jiu)又擴展(zhan)防區,收復失地(di),新筑(zhu)崇信(xin)城。貞元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)九年(793年)十(shi)一(yi)月,李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)(liang)因積勞成(cheng)疾,長(chang)眠于這片(pian)他(ta)曾為此付出了半生心血的地(di)方,享年六十(shi)二歲。根據他(ta)的遺(yi)愿(yuan),人(ren)們把他(ta)的墳(fen)墓筑(zhu)在崇信(xin)縣(xian)(xian)城西北面的高山(shan)上。1981年9月10日(ri),被甘肅省(sheng)人(ren)民政府(fu)公布為省(sheng)級重(zhong)點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位。武康王(wang)(wang)廟(miao):第五批全(quan)國重(zhong)點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位。明(ming)、清(qing)時又名李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)(liang)寢宮,俗稱(cheng)城隍廟(miao),為奉祀唐代武康郡王(wang)(wang)、隴右(you)節(jie)度使(shi)李(li)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)(liang)而(er)建(jian)。位于甘肅省(sheng)平(ping)涼市崇信(xin)縣(xian)(xian)城東街。占(zhan)地(di)3337平(ping)方米,由(you)寢宮和拜殿組成(cheng)。
梁、檁交接(jie)處用蜀(shu)柱(zhu)帶斗(dou)拱。斗(dou)拱用材較(jiao)大,斗(dou)拱與(yu)柱(zhu)子(zi)之比(bi)為 27%;檐柱(zhu)內傾,柱(zhu)子(zi)斷面(mian)與(yu)高度(du)為1:8.13;屋(wu)頂平(ping)緩,屋(wu)頂起坡與(yu)跨度(du)的比(bi)例為1:3.58。 拜殿(dian)面(mian)闊五間,進深一間,磚(zhuan)木(mu)結(jie)構,四檁卷棚頂,兩山做成攢(zan)尖式(shi)樣。柱(zhu)頭(tou)施三踩單昂頭(tou)栱(gong),昂頭(tou)雕成象鼻(bi)、虎頭(tou)、鳳頭(tou),外拽(zhuai)瓜栱(gong)透雕行龍或卷草紋。
武康王廟是(shi)甘肅(su)保存(cun)的(de)(de)為數不多的(de)(de)有元(yuan)代(dai)特點的(de)(de)木構建(jian)筑(zhu)之一(yi),其鋪(pu)作形制、材(cai)分制度基本合(he)乎(hu)宋《營造法(fa)式》的(de)(de)規(gui)定,但又融合(he)了(le)明代(dai)手法(fa)和甘肅(su)地(di)方(fang)工(gong)藝,具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)藝術價值(zhi)和科學價值(zhi)。2001年06月(yue)25日,武康王廟作為明、清(qing)時期古建(jian)筑(zhu),被國務院批準列入第五(wu)批全(quan)國重點文物保護單位名單。
據縣志(zhi)記載,崇(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)因他(ta)“開拓疆土,修(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鎮(zhen)城(cheng),德(de)(de)被民(min)(min)生,感恩王(wang)(wang)功”,于(yu)(yu)唐德(de)(de)宗貞元十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(797年(nian)(nian))前后(hou),在縣城(cheng)東門外(wai)(wai)一(yi)(yi)百二十(shi)步建(jian)(jian)祠塑(su)像,春秋(qiu)祭祀。宋哲宗紹(shao)圣四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1097年(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知縣王(wang)(wang)需修(xiu)(xiu)繕廟(miao)(miao)貌。明(ming)太祖洪武(wu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1370年(nian)(nian)),縣民(min)(min)李斗(dou)等人(ren)(ren)遷建(jian)(jian)城(cheng)內(nei)。明(ming)英宗天(tian)順七年(nian)(nian)(1463年(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知縣吉泰將(jiang)原廟(miao)(miao)址內(nei)四(si)根宋、元時期鐫刻石柱移入,建(jian)(jian)亭于(yu)(yu)殿(dian)前。明(ming)神宗萬歷三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1650年(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知縣邊國(guo)柱以(yi)塑(su)像主(zhu)次(ci)不當,又未能變更,將(jiang)大(da)殿(dian)改為(wei)寢(qin)宮,另建(jian)(jian)正(zheng)殿(dian)于(yu)(yu)前。明(ming)思(si)宗崇(chong)(chong)禎六年(nian)(nian)(1633年(nian)(nian)),兵燹殿(dian)亭俱毀,僅(jin)剩寢(qin)宮。清德(de)(de)宗光緒二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)知縣陳兆康(kang)(kang)修(xiu)(xiu)繕大(da)殿(dian),并重修(xiu)(xiu)獻(xian)殿(dian)。1941年(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)政(zheng)府對武(wu)康(kang)(kang)廟(miao)(miao)進行修(xiu)(xiu)繕,利(li)用(yong)殿(dian)宇儲糧(liang)。1949年(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)成立(li),武(wu)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)(miao)劃撥縣糧(liang)食(shi)部(bu)門使(shi)用(yong)。1985年(nian)(nian)8月9日,崇(chong)(chong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)縣人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府公(gong)布其為(wei)縣級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。1993年(nian)(nian)3月29日,甘肅省(sheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府公(gong)布其為(wei)第五批省(sheng)級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。2001年(nian)(nian)6月25日,中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)國(guo)務院公(gong)布其為(wei)第五批全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。 現存(cun)的(de)(de)武(wu)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)(miao)總體布局(ju)呈(cheng)南(nan)北縱長形,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分別位于(yu)(yu)南(nan)北中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)。武(wu)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)(miao)坐北向南(nan),面闊五間(jian),進深三(san)間(jian),由內(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩(liang)周柱網組成,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)坐落在一(yi)(yi)個樸(pu)素(su)的(de)(de)臺(tai)基上(shang)(shang),單(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山頂(ding),正(zheng)面中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)三(san)間(jian)是格扇門,兩(liang)端盡間(jian)的(de)(de)山墻(qiang)和(he)后(hou)部(bu)用(yong)厚(hou)實的(de)(de)土墻(qiang)圍繞。外(wai)(wai)廊兩(liang)側的(de)(de)檐(yan)(yan)柱略向中(zhong)(zhong)心傾斜并逐漸(jian)升高(gao),在古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)將(jiang)這種做法稱為(wei)側腳(jiao)和(he)升起。柱上(shang)(shang)和(he)開間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)又置以(yi)形式龐大(da)有力的(de)(de)斗(dou)栱,上(shang)(shang)面挑出(chu)屋檐(yan)(yan),使(shi)人(ren)(ren)感覺屋頂(ding)非常雄壯有力,莊重和(he)諧。 武(wu)康(kang)(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)(miao)雖經(jing)明(ming)代遷建(jian)(jian)和(he)續修(xiu)(xiu),但大(da)木構(gou)架還保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留了宋代的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)特(te)色,它(ta)是甘肅省(sheng)乃至西北地區木構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留早期構(gou)件較多、時代較早的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之一(yi)(yi),是研究西北地區古代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術和(he)生態環境的(de)(de)真實依據,具有很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)價值。