人物介(jie)紹李元(yuan)諒(732),唐代安(an)息(今伊朗)人,本姓安(an),出生于伊斯蘭教世家(jia)。自幼由宦官駱(luo)(luo)奉先收養(yang),改(gai)(gai)姓駱(luo)(luo),名(ming)元(yuan)光。唐德宗時著名(ming)將領,曾數次參(can)加(jia)平叛,屢建功績,升華州(zhou)刺史,加(jia)檢校尚書(shu)左仆射,封武康郡王。德宗貞(zhen)元(yuan)三(san)年(787年),吐蕃(fan)向(xiang)大唐請和,雙(shuang)方商定會(hui)盟于平涼。吐蕃(fan)劫盟,駱(luo)(luo)元(yuan)光率(lv)部(bu)接應,救出會(hui)盟主帥渾(hun)瑊,其余隨行官員千余人皆被(bei)俘(fu),當時如無(wu)駱(luo)(luo)元(yuan)光的機智果斷,則會(hui)全軍覆沒。故此,唐德宗予以(yi)嘉(jia)獎,并賜(si)姓李氏(shi),改(gai)(gai)名(ming)元(yuan)諒。
貞元(yuan)(yuan)四年(nian)(nian)(788年(nian)(nian)),加封李元(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)為隴(long)右節度(du)使,駐守(shou)良原(yuan)(今(jin)靈臺(tai)縣梁(liang)原(yuan))。不久又擴展防區,收復失地,新筑(zhu)崇信(xin)城。貞元(yuan)(yuan)九年(nian)(nian)(793年(nian)(nian))十(shi)(shi)一月,李元(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)因(yin)積勞成疾,長眠于(yu)這(zhe)片他曾為此付出了半生心血的(de)(de)地方,享年(nian)(nian)六十(shi)(shi)二歲。根據他的(de)(de)遺愿,人(ren)們把(ba)他的(de)(de)墳墓(mu)筑(zhu)在崇信(xin)縣城西北面的(de)(de)高(gao)山上。1981年(nian)(nian)9月10日,被甘(gan)肅省(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政府公布為省(sheng)(sheng)級重點文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。武康(kang)王廟:第五批全國重點文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。明、清時又名李元(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)寢宮,俗稱(cheng)城隍廟,為奉祀唐(tang)代武康(kang)郡(jun)王、隴(long)右節度(du)使李元(yuan)(yuan)諒(liang)而(er)建。位于(yu)甘(gan)肅省(sheng)(sheng)平涼市崇信(xin)縣城東街。占地3337平方米,由寢宮和拜殿組成。
梁、檁交接(jie)處用(yong)(yong)蜀柱帶(dai)斗拱。斗拱用(yong)(yong)材較大,斗拱與柱子之比(bi)為 27%;檐柱內傾(qing),柱子斷面與高度為1:8.13;屋頂平緩,屋頂起坡與跨度的比(bi)例為1:3.58。 拜殿(dian)面闊(kuo)五間,進深一間,磚(zhuan)木結構,四檁卷棚頂,兩(liang)山做成(cheng)攢尖(jian)式(shi)樣(yang)。柱頭(tou)施三踩(cai)單昂頭(tou)栱(gong),昂頭(tou)雕成(cheng)象鼻、虎頭(tou)、鳳頭(tou),外拽瓜栱(gong)透(tou)雕行(xing)龍或(huo)卷草(cao)紋(wen)。
武(wu)康王廟(miao)是甘肅(su)保(bao)存的(de)為數不多(duo)的(de)有(you)元代特點的(de)木(mu)構建筑(zhu)之一,其(qi)鋪作(zuo)形制、材分制度基本合(he)乎宋《營造法(fa)(fa)式》的(de)規定(ding),但又(you)融(rong)合(he)了明(ming)代手法(fa)(fa)和(he)甘肅(su)地方工藝(yi),具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)藝(yi)術價(jia)值和(he)科學價(jia)值。2001年06月(yue)25日,武(wu)康王廟(miao)作(zuo)為明(ming)、清時期古建筑(zhu),被國務(wu)院(yuan)批準列入第五批全國重點文物保(bao)護單位名(ming)單。
據縣(xian)志記載,崇信(xin)人民(min)(min)因他“開拓疆(jiang)土,修(xiu)(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)鎮城(cheng),德被民(min)(min)生,感恩王功”,于(yu)唐德宗(zong)(zong)貞元十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(797年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))前(qian)后,在縣(xian)城(cheng)東門外(wai)一(yi)百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)步建(jian)祠塑像(xiang),春秋祭祀。宋(song)哲宗(zong)(zong)紹圣四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1097年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)知縣(xian)王需修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)(shan)廟貌。明太祖洪武(wu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1370年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),縣(xian)民(min)(min)李斗(dou)等(deng)人遷建(jian)城(cheng)內。明英(ying)宗(zong)(zong)天順七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1463年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)知縣(xian)吉(ji)泰將原(yuan)廟址(zhi)內四(si)根宋(song)、元時(shi)期鐫刻石柱移(yi)入,建(jian)亭于(yu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)。明神宗(zong)(zong)萬歷三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)知縣(xian)邊國(guo)柱以(yi)塑像(xiang)主次不當,又未能變更(geng),將大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)為(wei)寢宮,另(ling)建(jian)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于(yu)前(qian)。明思(si)宗(zong)(zong)崇禎(zhen)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),兵(bing)燹殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)亭俱(ju)毀(hui),僅剩(sheng)寢宮。清德宗(zong)(zong)光緒(xu)二十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇信(xin)知縣(xian)陳兆康(kang)(kang)(kang)修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),并重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)華民(min)(min)國(guo)政府對武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)廟進行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)繕(shan)(shan),利用殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇儲糧。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)華人民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)成立,武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王廟劃撥縣(xian)糧食(shi)部門使用。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月9日,崇信(xin)縣(xian)人民(min)(min)政府公布(bu)(bu)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)縣(xian)級文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月29日,甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)人民(min)(min)政府公布(bu)(bu)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)第五(wu)批(pi)省(sheng)級重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月25日,中(zhong)華人民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)國(guo)務院公布(bu)(bu)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)第五(wu)批(pi)全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位。 現存的(de)武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王廟總體布(bu)(bu)局呈南(nan)北(bei)縱長形(xing),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)分別位于(yu)南(nan)北(bei)中(zhong)軸線上。武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王廟坐北(bei)向南(nan),面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian),進深三(san)(san)間(jian),由內外(wai)兩(liang)周(zhou)柱網組成,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)坐落(luo)在一(yi)個樸(pu)素的(de)臺基上,單檐歇山頂(ding),正(zheng)面(mian)中(zhong)間(jian)三(san)(san)間(jian)是(shi)(shi)格扇(shan)門,兩(liang)端盡間(jian)的(de)山墻(qiang)和(he)后部用厚實(shi)的(de)土墻(qiang)圍繞(rao)。外(wai)廊兩(liang)側的(de)檐柱略(lve)向中(zhong)心傾斜并逐漸升(sheng)高(gao),在古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)上將這種做(zuo)法(fa)稱(cheng)為(wei)側腳和(he)升(sheng)起。柱上和(he)開間(jian)中(zhong)又置(zhi)以(yi)形(xing)式龐大(da)(da)有(you)力(li)的(de)斗(dou)栱,上面(mian)挑出屋檐,使人感覺屋頂(ding)非常雄壯有(you)力(li),莊(zhuang)重(zhong)和(he)諧。 武(wu)康(kang)(kang)(kang)王廟雖經明代遷建(jian)和(he)續修(xiu)(xiu),但大(da)(da)木構(gou)(gou)架還保(bao)留了宋(song)代的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)特色,它是(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)乃至(zhi)西(xi)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)木構(gou)(gou)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)保(bao)留早(zao)期構(gou)(gou)件較多、時(shi)代較早(zao)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)之一(yi),是(shi)(shi)研究西(xi)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)古代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術和(he)生態環境的(de)真實(shi)依據,具(ju)有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)歷史價值(zhi)。