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肖金塔
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票數:0 #人文景觀建筑#
肖金塔位于慶陽市西峰區肖金鎮街道中心,建于宋徽宗政和八年(1118年)。肖金塔在造型和結構上體現了宋代建筑特征,是宋代建筑與磚雕藝術結合的體現,對研究西北地區磚石結構建筑有重要價值。肖金塔為八角七級仿木構樓閣式磚塔,原為七層,高30.18米,現存六層,高21.75米。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 甘肅(su)省慶陽(yang)市(shi)西峰區肖金鎮
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級(ji)第七批(宋)
介紹攻略(lve)

肖金塔為全國重點文物保(bao)護單位。

金城寺(si)(si)磚塔在慶陽市西(xi)峰區肖金鎮中(zhong),北距西(xi)峰鎮二十公里。塔始(shi)建于北宋政和八(ba)年(1118)。肖金鎮原有(you)金城寺(si)(si),磚塔建于寺(si)(si)中(zhong),寺(si)(si)院早毀只留此塔。省級文物保護單位。

肖(xiao)金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓閣式(shi),現存六(liu)(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高(gao)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)六(liu)(liu)米。與(yu)環縣、湘(xiang)樂古塔(ta)(ta)似(si)。第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)身(shen)很高(gao),無(wu)臺基(ji)和(he)基(ji)座,塔(ta)(ta)開(kai)正(zheng)東門(men),為晚期(qi)修補,單(dan)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂,高(gao)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)九(jiu)、寬(kuan)(kuan)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)六(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu),進深(shen)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)四(si)(si)六(liu)(liu)米。高(gao)四(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)米處始安裝斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),每(mei)面三(san)(san)朵,共(gong)二(er)十(shi)四(si)(si)個,另外角(jiao)(jiao)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)共(gong)八(ba)個。整個子(zi)(zi)身(shen)科為仿木結構,一(yi)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)三(san)(san)升(sheng)。其拱(gong)高(gao)出墻(qiang)面一(yi)厘(li)米。槽升(sheng)子(zi)(zi)高(gao)出墻(qiang)面。翹(qiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩塊(kuai)長條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)對立,翹(qiao)下(xia)弧為半徑(jing)作圓。三(san)(san)才升(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成,上(shang)(shang)(shang)壓耍頭(tou)樣子(zi)(zi)和(he)翹(qiao)。耍頭(tou)三(san)(san)才升(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)托(tuo)替木式(shi),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)升(sheng)全無(wu)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)耳(er)。替木上(shang)(shang)(shang)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩條(tiao)(tiao)線挑尖狀花磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕刻(ke)蓮花瓣(ban)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又(you)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗(gou)牙子(zi)(zi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假(jia)(jia)(jia)椽飛頭(tou)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成。檐(yan)(yan)瓦(wa)也用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成。出檐(yan)(yan)長九(jiu)十(shi)厘(li)米。檐(yan)(yan)頂疊澀磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻(qiang)身(shen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),以上(shang)(shang)(shang)裝斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)三(san)(san)朵,耍頭(tou)三(san)(san)才升(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)托(tuo)下(xia)沿,即欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan)下(xia)部(bu)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)均施(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)座欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan),欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)棱,欄(lan)(lan)版(ban)雕刻(ke)令(ling)字(zi)圖案。平(ping)(ping)(ping)座下(xia)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)于檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)同(tong)。以上(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮小,造型相(xiang)同(tong)。塔(ta)(ta)身(shen)各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)面有真(zhen)假(jia)(jia)(jia)門(men),真(zhen)門(men)卷頂,門(men)洞內壁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方、條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)混合平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)成。假(jia)(jia)(jia)刻(ke)版(ban)門(men)有門(men)扇、門(men)眉、鋪(pu)首、門(men)框,立體感極(ji)強。仿木直欞窗(chuang)刻(ke)六(liu)(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)欞花格子(zi)(zi),雕工(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)細。門(men)窗(chuang)布局相(xiang)互交錯,各(ge)(ge)(ge)方都(dou)有。塔(ta)(ta)室內呈(cheng)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形每(mei)面寬(kuan)(kuan)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)九(jiu)四(si)(si)米。各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓板已毀(hui),僅留(liu)殘孔。建筑材料全部(bu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)細黃土泥砌(qi)(qi)(qi)筑而(er)(er)成。所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)規格不一(yi),有長條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)方塊(kuai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。主(zhu)要(yao)裝飾部(bu)件如(ru)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)、翹(qiao)、假(jia)(jia)(jia)椽、檐(yan)(yan)瓦(wa)及花紋圖案皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方、條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而(er)(er)成,圖形規范(fan),刻(ke)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)藝精(jing)(jing)(jing)細。水平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)縫(feng)和(he)豎縫(feng)極(ji)小。各(ge)(ge)(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩塊(kuai)條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)邊(bian)對成絲縫(feng),工(gong)藝精(jing)(jing)(jing)巧令(ling)人嘆服。假(jia)(jia)(jia)門(men)假(jia)(jia)(jia)窗(chuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)雕細刻(ke)仿真(zhen)無(wu)二(er)。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)梁角(jiao)(jiao)以細白(bai)砂石料雕刻(ke)飛天、龍(long)頭(tou),下(xia)鑿孔,設鐵吊環懸掛(gua)風鈴而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),現僅留(liu)五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。其墻(qiang)面平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)并(bing)縫(feng)部(bu)位大(da)多不求咬槎(cha)錯縫(feng)。

磚塔(ta)塔(ta)身傾斜原(yuan)貌殘(can)缺,塔(ta)體上銘刻題記中(zhong)三方有紀年。

磚塔(ta)第(di)二層正面構欄底部(bu)磚刻記載:“政和八年閏九月初三,本鎮十姊妹舍到塔(ta)上磚壹窯,計兩仟三百口,具舍磚人數(shu)下項……”。

“本(ben)鎮坊廊人戶高遇謹(jin)施磚兩仟三百口,伏(fu)傷前生今世積(ji)劫,莫(mo)大之罪(zui)清除,福(fu)降隨身(shen),宣和二年七(qi)月(1120)高遇謹(jin)施。”

“彭陽(yang)縣(xian)崇信鄉野村社人(ren)郭吉,施(shi)磚(zhuan)一仟(qian)口(kou),祈保人(ren)口(kou)亨通(tong),老幼安(an)寧。宣和(he)二(er)年七月(yue)廿日(ri),施(shi)掌郭吉。”

據此證實,肖金磚塔建(jian)于北宋徽宗年(nian)間(jian),工期兩年(nian)之久(jiu)無疑(yi)。二千(qian)零八年(nian)汶川大地震中肖金磚塔受損。

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