肖金塔為全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。
金(jin)城寺(si)磚(zhuan)塔(ta)在(zai)慶陽市西(xi)峰區肖金(jin)鎮(zhen)中,北距(ju)西(xi)峰鎮(zhen)二十公里(li)。塔(ta)始(shi)建于北宋政和八年(1118)。肖金(jin)鎮(zhen)原有金(jin)城寺(si),磚(zhuan)塔(ta)建于寺(si)中,寺(si)院早毀只留(liu)此塔(ta)。省級文物保護單位。
肖金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)八(ba)角(jiao)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)閣式,現存六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高二(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)點二(er)六(liu)米(mi)。與環縣、湘樂古塔(ta)似。第一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)身(shen)(shen)很高,無臺基和(he)基座(zuo),塔(ta)開正東門(men),為(wei)(wei)晚期修補,單(dan)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂(ding),高一(yi)(yi)點九、寬零(ling)(ling)點六(liu)六(liu),進深一(yi)(yi)點四(si)六(liu)米(mi)。高四(si)點二(er)米(mi)處始安裝(zhuang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong),每(mei)面三(san)朵(duo),共二(er)十(shi)四(si)個,另外角(jiao)斗(dou)(dou)共八(ba)個。整(zheng)個子(zi)身(shen)(shen)科為(wei)(wei)仿(fang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)結(jie)構,一(yi)(yi)斗(dou)(dou)三(san)升(sheng)(sheng)。其拱(gong)(gong)高出墻面一(yi)(yi)厘(li)米(mi)。槽升(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)高出墻面。翹(qiao)用(yong)兩塊長(chang)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)對(dui)立,翹(qiao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)弧為(wei)(wei)半徑作圓。三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)長(chang)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨而成(cheng),上(shang)(shang)(shang)壓耍(shua)頭樣子(zi)和(he)翹(qiao)。耍(shua)頭三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)托替木(mu)(mu)(mu)式,斗(dou)(dou)升(sheng)(sheng)全無斗(dou)(dou)耳。替木(mu)(mu)(mu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)砌(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩條(tiao)線挑尖狀花(hua)(hua)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕(diao)(diao)刻蓮花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又(you)砌(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗牙子(zi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假(jia)(jia)椽飛頭各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽用(yong)方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨而成(cheng)。檐瓦(wa)也用(yong)方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨而成(cheng)。出檐長(chang)九十(shi)厘(li)米(mi)。檐頂(ding)疊澀磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻身(shen)(shen)平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)三(san)朵(duo),耍(shua)頭三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)托下(xia)(xia)(xia)沿,即欄桿下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐上(shang)(shang)(shang)均施平(ping)(ping)座(zuo)欄桿,欄桿磨棱,欄版雕(diao)(diao)刻令(ling)字圖案。平(ping)(ping)座(zuo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)于檐下(xia)(xia)(xia)同。以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮小,造(zao)型(xing)相同。塔(ta)身(shen)(shen)各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)面有(you)真假(jia)(jia)門(men),真門(men)卷頂(ding),門(men)洞內(nei)壁(bi)用(yong)方(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)混合平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)而成(cheng)。假(jia)(jia)刻版門(men)有(you)門(men)扇、門(men)眉、鋪(pu)首、門(men)框,立體感極(ji)(ji)強(qiang)。仿(fang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)直欞窗刻六(liu)角(jiao)欞花(hua)(hua)格子(zi),雕(diao)(diao)工精細(xi)(xi)。門(men)窗布(bu)局(ju)相互交錯,各(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)都有(you)。塔(ta)室內(nei)呈八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)每(mei)面寬零(ling)(ling)點九四(si)米(mi)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)板(ban)已毀(hui),僅留殘(can)孔(kong)(kong)。建(jian)筑(zhu)材料全部(bu)采用(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)細(xi)(xi)黃土泥砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)而成(cheng)。所用(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)規格不(bu)一(yi)(yi),有(you)長(chang)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)方(fang)塊磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。主要裝(zhuang)飾(shi)部(bu)件如斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、翹(qiao)、假(jia)(jia)椽、檐瓦(wa)及花(hua)(hua)紋圖案皆用(yong)方(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨而成(cheng),圖形(xing)規范(fan),刻磨工藝精細(xi)(xi)。水平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)縫(feng)和(he)豎(shu)縫(feng)極(ji)(ji)小。各(ge)(ge)(ge)角(jiao)柱用(yong)兩塊條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磨邊對(dui)成(cheng)絲(si)縫(feng),工藝精巧令(ling)人(ren)嘆服。假(jia)(jia)門(men)假(jia)(jia)窗精雕(diao)(diao)細(xi)(xi)刻仿(fang)真無二(er)。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)梁(liang)角(jiao)以(yi)細(xi)(xi)白(bai)砂石(shi)料雕(diao)(diao)刻飛天、龍頭,下(xia)(xia)(xia)鑿孔(kong)(kong),設(she)鐵吊環懸掛風鈴而用(yong),現僅留五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。其墻面平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)(qi)并(bing)縫(feng)部(bu)位大多不(bu)求(qiu)咬(yao)槎錯縫(feng)。
磚塔塔身(shen)傾斜原貌殘缺,塔體上銘刻題記中三(san)方有紀(ji)年。
磚塔第(di)二層正面(mian)構欄底部磚刻記載:“政和八年(nian)閏九(jiu)月初三,本鎮十姊(zi)妹舍到塔上磚壹窯,計兩仟三百口,具舍磚人(ren)數下項……”。
“本(ben)鎮坊廊(lang)人戶高(gao)遇謹施磚(zhuan)兩仟三百口,伏傷前生今世積(ji)劫,莫大之罪清除(chu),福降(jiang)隨身,宣和(he)二年七月(1120)高(gao)遇謹施。”
“彭陽縣崇信鄉(xiang)野村社人郭(guo)吉,施(shi)磚一仟口,祈保人口亨(heng)通,老(lao)幼安寧。宣(xuan)和二年七月廿日,施(shi)掌郭(guo)吉。”
據此證(zheng)實,肖(xiao)金磚塔建于北宋徽宗年間,工期(qi)兩年之久無疑。二千零八年汶川大地震(zhen)中肖(xiao)金磚塔受損。