肖(xiao)金塔為全國重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
金(jin)(jin)城寺磚塔(ta)在慶陽市西(xi)峰(feng)區肖金(jin)(jin)鎮中,北(bei)距西(xi)峰(feng)鎮二十公(gong)里(li)。塔(ta)始建(jian)(jian)于北(bei)宋政和八年(nian)(1118)。肖金(jin)(jin)鎮原有金(jin)(jin)城寺,磚塔(ta)建(jian)(jian)于寺中,寺院早毀只留此塔(ta)。省級文物保護單位。
肖(xiao)金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)八(ba)角(jiao)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)閣式,現(xian)存六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高二(er)十(shi)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)二(er)六米。與環縣(xian)、湘樂(le)古塔(ta)(ta)(ta)似。第一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)很(hen)高,無臺基和基座(zuo)(zuo),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)開正(zheng)東門(men)(men)(men),為晚期(qi)修(xiu)補,單磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂(ding),高一(yi)點(dian)(dian)九、寬零(ling)點(dian)(dian)六六,進深一(yi)點(dian)(dian)四(si)六米。高四(si)點(dian)(dian)二(er)米處始安裝斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong),每(mei)面(mian)三(san)朵,共(gong)二(er)十(shi)四(si)個(ge)(ge),另外角(jiao)斗(dou)共(gong)八(ba)個(ge)(ge)。整個(ge)(ge)子身(shen)(shen)科(ke)為仿(fang)木結構,一(yi)斗(dou)三(san)升(sheng)(sheng)。其拱(gong)(gong)高出(chu)墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)一(yi)厘(li)米。槽(cao)升(sheng)(sheng)子高出(chu)墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)。翹(qiao)用(yong)(yong)兩塊(kuai)長條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)對(dui)立(li),翹(qiao)下(xia)(xia)弧為半徑作圓。三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)長條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng),上(shang)(shang)壓耍頭(tou)(tou)樣子和翹(qiao)。耍頭(tou)(tou)三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托(tuo)替(ti)木式,斗(dou)升(sheng)(sheng)全無斗(dou)耳(er)。替(ti)木上(shang)(shang)砌(qi)(qi)平磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩條(tiao)(tiao)線(xian)挑尖狀花磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕(diao)刻(ke)蓮花瓣(ban)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又砌(qi)(qi)平磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗(gou)牙子磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)各(ge)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假椽飛(fei)頭(tou)(tou)各(ge)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。檐(yan)瓦也用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。出(chu)檐(yan)長九十(shi)厘(li)米。檐(yan)頂(ding)疊澀(se)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻(qiang)(qiang)身(shen)(shen)平砌(qi)(qi)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),以上(shang)(shang)裝斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)三(san)朵,耍頭(tou)(tou)三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托(tuo)下(xia)(xia)沿(yan),即欄桿(gan)下(xia)(xia)部。各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)上(shang)(shang)均施平座(zuo)(zuo)欄桿(gan),欄桿(gan)磨(mo)棱,欄版雕(diao)刻(ke)令字圖(tu)案。平座(zuo)(zuo)下(xia)(xia)斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)于檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)同。以上(shang)(shang)各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮小,造型(xing)相(xiang)同。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)(shen)各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)面(mian)有(you)真假門(men)(men)(men),真門(men)(men)(men)卷頂(ding),門(men)(men)(men)洞內(nei)壁用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)混合平砌(qi)(qi)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。假刻(ke)版門(men)(men)(men)有(you)門(men)(men)(men)扇、門(men)(men)(men)眉、鋪首、門(men)(men)(men)框,立(li)體(ti)感極強。仿(fang)木直(zhi)欞窗(chuang)刻(ke)六角(jiao)欞花格子,雕(diao)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)細(xi)。門(men)(men)(men)窗(chuang)布(bu)局(ju)相(xiang)互(hu)交(jiao)錯,各(ge)方(fang)(fang)都有(you)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)室內(nei)呈八(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)每(mei)面(mian)寬零(ling)點(dian)(dian)九四(si)米。各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)板已毀,僅留殘孔(kong)。建(jian)筑材(cai)料全部采用(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和細(xi)黃土泥砌(qi)(qi)筑而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。所(suo)用(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)規格不一(yi),有(you)長條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和方(fang)(fang)塊(kuai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。主要裝飾部件如斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、翹(qiao)、假椽、檐(yan)瓦及花紋(wen)圖(tu)案皆用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng),圖(tu)形(xing)規范,刻(ke)磨(mo)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)精(jing)細(xi)。水平砌(qi)(qi)縫(feng)和豎縫(feng)極小。各(ge)角(jiao)柱用(yong)(yong)兩塊(kuai)條(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磨(mo)邊(bian)對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)絲縫(feng),工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)精(jing)巧令人嘆(tan)服。假門(men)(men)(men)假窗(chuang)精(jing)雕(diao)細(xi)刻(ke)仿(fang)真無二(er)。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)梁角(jiao)以細(xi)白砂石料雕(diao)刻(ke)飛(fei)天、龍頭(tou)(tou),下(xia)(xia)鑿孔(kong),設鐵吊環懸(xuan)掛風鈴而(er)用(yong)(yong),現(xian)僅留五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)(shang)。其墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)平砌(qi)(qi)并縫(feng)部位大多不求咬槎錯縫(feng)。
磚塔塔身傾斜原貌殘缺,塔體上(shang)銘刻題記中三(san)方有(you)紀年。
磚(zhuan)塔第二層正面構(gou)欄底部磚(zhuan)刻記載:“政(zheng)和八年閏九月初(chu)三(san),本鎮十姊妹舍到塔上磚(zhuan)壹窯(yao),計兩仟(qian)三(san)百(bai)口(kou),具(ju)舍磚(zhuan)人(ren)數下(xia)項(xiang)……”。
“本鎮坊廊人戶高遇謹(jin)施磚兩仟(qian)三百口,伏傷前(qian)生(sheng)今世(shi)積劫,莫大之罪清除,福降隨身(shen),宣和二年七月(1120)高遇謹(jin)施。”
“彭陽縣崇信鄉野村社人郭吉,施(shi)磚(zhuan)一仟口,祈保人口亨通,老(lao)幼安寧。宣和二年七(qi)月(yue)廿日,施(shi)掌(zhang)郭吉。”
據此證實,肖金磚塔(ta)建于北宋徽宗年間,工(gong)期兩年之久(jiu)無(wu)疑。二千零八年汶(wen)川大地震(zhen)中肖金磚塔(ta)受損。