肖(xiao)金塔為全國重點(dian)文物保護單位。
金城(cheng)寺(si)(si)磚塔(ta)(ta)在慶陽市西峰區肖金鎮中,北距西峰鎮二十公里。塔(ta)(ta)始建于(yu)北宋政和八(ba)年(1118)。肖金鎮原(yuan)有金城(cheng)寺(si)(si),磚塔(ta)(ta)建于(yu)寺(si)(si)中,寺(si)(si)院早毀只留(liu)此(ci)塔(ta)(ta)。省(sheng)級文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
肖金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓閣式,現(xian)存(cun)六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高(gao)(gao)(gao)二十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)二六(liu)米(mi)(mi)。與環縣、湘(xiang)樂古塔似。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔身(shen)很高(gao)(gao)(gao),無臺基和(he)(he)基座,塔開(kai)正東門(men)(men),為晚(wan)期(qi)修補(bu),單(dan)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂,高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)九(jiu)(jiu)、寬(kuan)零點(dian)(dian)(dian)六(liu)六(liu),進深一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)四六(liu)米(mi)(mi)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)二米(mi)(mi)處始安裝斗(dou)(dou)拱,每面(mian)三(san)(san)(san)朵,共二十(shi)四個(ge),另(ling)外角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)斗(dou)(dou)共八(ba)個(ge)。整個(ge)子(zi)(zi)(zi)身(shen)科為仿木(mu)結構(gou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斗(dou)(dou)三(san)(san)(san)升。其拱高(gao)(gao)(gao)出墻(qiang)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘米(mi)(mi)。槽升子(zi)(zi)(zi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)出墻(qiang)面(mian)。翹用(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)長條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)對立,翹下(xia)(xia)(xia)弧為半徑作圓(yuan)。三(san)(san)(san)才升用(yong)(yong)長條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng),上(shang)壓耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)樣子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)翹。耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)三(san)(san)(san)才升上(shang)托替(ti)木(mu)式,斗(dou)(dou)升全無斗(dou)(dou)耳。替(ti)木(mu)上(shang)砌平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩(liang)條(tiao)線挑尖狀花(hua)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕刻(ke)(ke)(ke)蓮花(hua)瓣磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又砌平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗牙子(zi)(zi)(zi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假椽飛(fei)頭(tou)(tou)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽用(yong)(yong)方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng)。檐(yan)瓦也用(yong)(yong)方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng)。出檐(yan)長九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)厘米(mi)(mi)。檐(yan)頂疊澀磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收(shou)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻(qiang)身(shen)平(ping)(ping)砌四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),以(yi)上(shang)裝斗(dou)(dou)拱三(san)(san)(san)朵,耍(shua)頭(tou)(tou)三(san)(san)(san)才升上(shang)托下(xia)(xia)(xia)沿,即(ji)欄桿下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)。各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)上(shang)均(jun)施(shi)平(ping)(ping)座欄桿,欄桿磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)棱,欄版(ban)雕刻(ke)(ke)(ke)令字圖案(an)。平(ping)(ping)座下(xia)(xia)(xia)斗(dou)(dou)拱于檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)同(tong)。以(yi)上(shang)各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮(suo)小(xiao),造型相同(tong)。塔身(shen)各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)(ge)面(mian)有真(zhen)假門(men)(men),真(zhen)門(men)(men)卷頂,門(men)(men)洞內壁用(yong)(yong)方(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)混合(he)平(ping)(ping)砌而成(cheng)。假刻(ke)(ke)(ke)版(ban)門(men)(men)有門(men)(men)扇、門(men)(men)眉、鋪(pu)首、門(men)(men)框,立體感極強。仿木(mu)直欞窗刻(ke)(ke)(ke)六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)欞花(hua)格子(zi)(zi)(zi),雕工(gong)精(jing)細(xi)。門(men)(men)窗布局相互(hu)交錯,各(ge)(ge)方(fang)都(dou)有。塔室內呈八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)每面(mian)寬(kuan)零點(dian)(dian)(dian)九(jiu)(jiu)四米(mi)(mi)。各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓板已毀,僅(jin)留殘孔(kong)。建筑材料全部(bu)(bu)采用(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)(he)細(xi)黃土泥(ni)砌筑而成(cheng)。所(suo)用(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)規格不一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),有長條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)(he)方(fang)塊(kuai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。主要裝飾(shi)部(bu)(bu)件如斗(dou)(dou)拱、翹、假椽、檐(yan)瓦及花(hua)紋圖案(an)皆用(yong)(yong)方(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng),圖形(xing)規范(fan),刻(ke)(ke)(ke)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)藝精(jing)細(xi)。水平(ping)(ping)砌縫(feng)和(he)(he)豎縫(feng)極小(xiao)。各(ge)(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)用(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)邊對成(cheng)絲(si)縫(feng),工(gong)藝精(jing)巧令人嘆(tan)服。假門(men)(men)假窗精(jing)雕細(xi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)仿真(zhen)無二。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔梁角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)細(xi)白砂(sha)石料雕刻(ke)(ke)(ke)飛(fei)天、龍頭(tou)(tou),下(xia)(xia)(xia)鑿孔(kong),設鐵吊環懸(xuan)掛風鈴而用(yong)(yong),現(xian)僅(jin)留五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)上(shang)。其墻(qiang)面(mian)平(ping)(ping)砌并縫(feng)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)大多不求咬槎錯縫(feng)。
磚(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)身傾斜原(yuan)貌殘缺,塔(ta)(ta)體上(shang)銘(ming)刻題記中三方(fang)有(you)紀年。
磚(zhuan)塔第二層正面構欄底部(bu)磚(zhuan)刻記載:“政(zheng)和八年閏九(jiu)月初三(san)(san),本(ben)鎮十姊妹舍到(dao)塔上磚(zhuan)壹窯(yao),計兩仟三(san)(san)百(bai)口(kou),具舍磚(zhuan)人數(shu)下項……”。
“本鎮(zhen)坊廊人(ren)戶高遇謹施(shi)磚兩仟三百口,伏傷前(qian)生今世積劫(jie),莫大之(zhi)罪清除,福降隨身(shen),宣和二年七月(1120)高遇謹施(shi)。”
“彭陽縣崇(chong)信(xin)鄉(xiang)野村社人郭吉,施(shi)磚一(yi)仟口,祈保人口亨通,老幼安寧(ning)。宣和二年七月廿日,施(shi)掌郭吉。”
據(ju)此證實,肖金磚塔建于北宋徽(hui)宗(zong)年間,工期(qi)兩年之久(jiu)無疑。二千(qian)零八年汶川(chuan)大(da)地震中(zhong)肖金磚塔受(shou)損(sun)。