肖金塔為全國重點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位。
金(jin)(jin)城寺磚塔(ta)在慶陽市西峰區(qu)肖金(jin)(jin)鎮(zhen)中,北距西峰鎮(zhen)二十公里。塔(ta)始(shi)建于北宋政和八年(1118)。肖金(jin)(jin)鎮(zhen)原有金(jin)(jin)城寺,磚塔(ta)建于寺中,寺院早毀只留此塔(ta)。省級文物保護單(dan)位。
肖(xiao)金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)樓閣(ge)式,現存六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng),高(gao)二十(shi)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)二六(liu)米(mi)。與環(huan)縣(xian)、湘樂(le)古塔(ta)(ta)似。第一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)身很高(gao),無臺基(ji)和(he)基(ji)座(zuo),塔(ta)(ta)開正東門(men),為晚期修(xiu)補(bu),單磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂,高(gao)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)九(jiu)、寬(kuan)零點(dian)(dian)六(liu)六(liu),進深一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)四(si)六(liu)米(mi)。高(gao)四(si)點(dian)(dian)二米(mi)處始(shi)安(an)裝斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong),每面三(san)朵,共二十(shi)四(si)個(ge)(ge),另(ling)外角(jiao)(jiao)斗(dou)(dou)共八(ba)個(ge)(ge)。整個(ge)(ge)子(zi)身科為仿(fang)木結構,一(yi)(yi)斗(dou)(dou)三(san)升(sheng)(sheng)。其拱(gong)(gong)高(gao)出墻面一(yi)(yi)厘米(mi)。槽升(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)高(gao)出墻面。翹(qiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊長條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)對立,翹(qiao)下(xia)(xia)弧為半(ban)徑作圓(yuan)。三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)長條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng),上(shang)(shang)壓耍(shua)(shua)頭樣子(zi)和(he)翹(qiao)。耍(shua)(shua)頭三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托(tuo)替木式,斗(dou)(dou)升(sheng)(sheng)全無斗(dou)(dou)耳。替木上(shang)(shang)砌(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng),兩(liang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)線挑尖狀(zhuang)花(hua)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng),雕刻(ke)蓮花(hua)瓣磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng),又(you)砌(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗牙子(zi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)各一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)。假(jia)(jia)(jia)椽(chuan)飛頭各一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng),椽(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。檐(yan)(yan)瓦也(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。出檐(yan)(yan)長九(jiu)十(shi)厘米(mi)。檐(yan)(yan)頂疊澀磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)收七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)。二層(ceng)(ceng)墻身平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)裝斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)三(san)朵,耍(shua)(shua)頭三(san)才升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托(tuo)下(xia)(xia)沿,即欄桿(gan)下(xia)(xia)部。各層(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)均施平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)欄桿(gan),欄桿(gan)磨(mo)棱,欄版雕刻(ke)令字圖案。平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)下(xia)(xia)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)于檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)同(tong)。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)各層(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮小(xiao),造型相同(tong)。塔(ta)(ta)身各層(ceng)(ceng)各面有(you)(you)真(zhen)假(jia)(jia)(jia)門(men),真(zhen)門(men)卷頂,門(men)洞內壁用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)混合平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。假(jia)(jia)(jia)刻(ke)版門(men)有(you)(you)門(men)扇、門(men)眉、鋪首、門(men)框,立體感(gan)極(ji)強。仿(fang)木直欞窗刻(ke)六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)欞花(hua)格子(zi),雕工精(jing)細(xi)。門(men)窗布局相互交錯(cuo),各方(fang)(fang)都有(you)(you)。塔(ta)(ta)室內呈八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)每面寬(kuan)零點(dian)(dian)九(jiu)四(si)米(mi)。各層(ceng)(ceng)樓板已毀(hui),僅留殘孔。建筑材料全部采用(yong)(yong)(yong)青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)細(xi)黃土泥(ni)砌(qi)筑而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。所用(yong)(yong)(yong)青(qing)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)規(gui)格不一(yi)(yi),有(you)(you)長條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)方(fang)(fang)塊磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。主要裝飾部件如斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、翹(qiao)、假(jia)(jia)(jia)椽(chuan)、檐(yan)(yan)瓦及花(hua)紋圖案皆用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸(ju)磨(mo)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng),圖形(xing)規(gui)范,刻(ke)磨(mo)工藝(yi)精(jing)細(xi)。水平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)縫和(he)豎縫極(ji)小(xiao)。各角(jiao)(jiao)柱用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磨(mo)邊對成(cheng)(cheng)絲縫,工藝(yi)精(jing)巧(qiao)令人(ren)嘆服。假(jia)(jia)(jia)門(men)假(jia)(jia)(jia)窗精(jing)雕細(xi)刻(ke)仿(fang)真(zhen)無二。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)梁角(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)細(xi)白砂石料雕刻(ke)飛天(tian)、龍頭,下(xia)(xia)鑿孔,設鐵(tie)吊環(huan)懸掛風鈴(ling)而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong),現僅留五層(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。其墻面平(ping)(ping)(ping)砌(qi)并縫部位大多不求咬槎錯(cuo)縫。
磚塔(ta)塔(ta)身傾斜原(yuan)貌殘缺,塔(ta)體上(shang)銘刻題記中三方有(you)紀年(nian)。
磚塔第二層正面構欄底部磚刻(ke)記載(zai):“政(zheng)和八年閏九月初三,本鎮(zhen)十姊妹舍到(dao)塔上(shang)磚壹窯,計兩仟三百口,具舍磚人數下項……”。
“本鎮坊廊人戶高遇(yu)謹施磚兩仟(qian)三(san)百口,伏傷(shang)前生今世(shi)積劫,莫大(da)之(zhi)罪(zui)清除,福(fu)降隨(sui)身,宣和二年七月(1120)高遇(yu)謹施。”
“彭陽縣崇信鄉野村(cun)社人郭吉(ji),施磚一(yi)仟口,祈保人口亨(heng)通,老幼安(an)寧。宣和二年七月廿日,施掌郭吉(ji)。”
據此證實,肖金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塔建于北(bei)宋徽宗年間,工期兩年之久(jiu)無疑。二千零八年汶川大(da)地震中肖金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塔受損。