城(cheng)(cheng)址是一(yi)處中國(guo)西漢時期古遺(yi)址,位于(yu)縣中國(guo)甘肅省(sheng)張掖(ye)市民樂(le)永固鄉八卦營(ying)村西北(bei)(bei)。以漢初名將霍去病在此布八卦陣擊退匈奴得名。占地廣達42萬平方米。城(cheng)(cheng)垣殘高(gao)4米夯(hang)土建筑。東、南各開一(yi)門內(nei)有宮城(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)、紫營(ying)臺(tai)。內(nei)、外兩重(zhong)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河各寬(kuan)8米、10米。遺(yi)址有大量漢磚(zhuan)瓦殘片(pian)、灰陶片(pian)。城(cheng)(cheng)址東北(bei)(bei)有2000平方米的5米高(gao)臺(tai)俗稱為“點(dian)將臺(tai)”。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)座(zuo)北(bei)面(mian)南,規模(mo)宏大,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防結構復(fu)雜,由(you)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三部分690米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬594米(mi)(mi),面(mian)積(ji)41萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)合615畝。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣基寬14米(mi)(mi),頂寬5米(mi)(mi),殘高4米(mi)(mi)。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)置(zhi)于(yu)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之中(zhong),南北(bei)長354米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬310米(mi)(mi),面(mian)積(ji)11萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)合165畝,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣基寬10米(mi)(mi),殘高2米(mi)(mi)。內外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各設護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)一道,南垣正中(zhong)辟門。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)部置(zhi)宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內筑40米(mi)(mi)×40米(mi)(mi)×5立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺,面(mian)積(ji)近(jin)1600平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),俗(su)稱“紫英臺”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西部被南來的(de)(de)童子壩河(he)沖斷,在其(qi)斷面(mian)內和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內地(di)表遺存大量的(de)(de)漢(han)代陶片(pian),磚瓦(wa)殘塊,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內出土(tu)(tu)漢(han)代鐵犁、五銖錢、大板瓦(wa)、陶器(qi)殘件、和石磨(mo)殘塊等(deng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)東(dong)北(bei)300米(mi)(mi)處(chu)有一座(zuo)40米(mi)(mi)×50米(mi)(mi)×5立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)高臺,俗(su)稱“點(dian)將臺”。
甘肅(su)省文物考古研究所完成了(le)對(dui)民樂縣八卦營境內近百(bai)座墓(mu)葬(zang)的搶救性發掘,在已確認的漢代墓(mu)葬(zang)中,出土(tu)了(le)300多件陶器、銅器、漆(qi)器等(deng)隨葬(zang)器物。
負責現場考古(gu)發掘的甘肅省文物(wu)考古(gu)研究所(suo)副研究員趙建龍介紹,墓(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)出(chu)土的陶器(qi)多,有200多件(jian),其中(zhong)有漢代的灰(hui)陶壺、罐、盆、灶(zao)等。另外,墓(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)還(huan)出(chu)土了銅鏡、銅帶鉤、漆奩盒、鐵(tie)劍等器(qi)物(wu)100余件(jian)。
此次民(min)樂考古(gu)發掘是為配合蘭新(xin)鐵路第(di)二雙線建設而實施(shi),2010年10月底啟(qi)動,12月上旬結束現場(chang)發掘,目前(qian)正在室內開(kai)展(zhan)進一(yi)步整理(li)和研究。
現場共搶救性挖掘了98座早期墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang),根(gen)據墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)形制、出土(tu)器物等(deng)判斷,屬(shu)漢(han)代(dai)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)的(de)有(you)56座,出土(tu)的(de)器物主要來自這些漢(han)代(dai)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang),它們為研究這一地區漢(han)族與少數(shu)民族的(de)關系等(deng)提供(gong)了新(xin)資(zi)料。
讓考古人(ren)員(yuan)感到(dao)疑惑的是,這些墓(mu)葬與一般的漢(han)墓(mu)還有(you)所不同,墓(mu)葬中既出(chu)土了(le)漢(han)代(dai)器(qi)物,又出(chu)土了(le)類似辛店、齊家等類型的無飾花紋陶罐,文化交錯現象(xiang)明(ming)顯。
根據(ju)這一墓葬(zang)文化(hua)特點(dian)及當(dang)地有(you)一座月氏人東王城(cheng)的傳說,趙建龍(long)推測(ce),這些漢墓可(ke)能不是單純的漢人之墓,懷疑與當(dang)時生活(huo)在祁連山下的月氏人有(you)關。
八(ba)卦營城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)部(bu)被(bei)南來的童子壩河多次(ci)沖斷(duan),一(yi)到每年(nian)的盛夏雨季,河水暴漲,仍然沖刷著河東岸,“點將臺”有被(bei)沖垮的危(wei)險。雖然古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)和(he)八(ba)卦墓(mu)(mu)群有文保(bao)員看護(hu)(hu),但離村子較遠,在深夜時(shi),有時(shi)會(hui)有盜(dao)賊(zei)行動(dong)。“十二五(wu)”期間(jian),計(ji)劃在遺址(zhi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區新建文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管理用房一(yi)處400平方(fang)米(mi),專門對八(ba)卦古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)和(he)八(ba)卦墓(mu)(mu)群的文物進行保(bao)護(hu)(hu),并用圍欄圍圈城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi),設(she)置保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區界(jie)樁、界(jie)碑。該保(bao)護(hu)(hu)經概算共需資(zi)金141.85萬(wan)元,申請中央資(zi)金投入113.48萬(wan)元,地方(fang)自(zi)籌資(zi)金28.37萬(wan)元。