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奢香墓
0 票數:0 #人文景觀建筑#
奢香墓,在大方縣城北0.5公里處云龍山下烏龍坡頭的洗馬塘畔。明洪武二十九年(公元1396年),奢香病逝,年僅35歲。明王朝遺使到水西奢香故里,參加祭奠葬禮,加謚奢香為“大明順德夫人”,并賜以朝衣錦帛。墓葬按正三品的規矩結合彝俗的墓建風格營造。奢香墓址,原是彝族先哲建立羅甸王國城堡所在地。據《西南彝志.六祖起源》記載,貴州水西彝族默部始祖德施氏第二十五世孫妥阿哲,于蜀漢建興三年(公元225年)在楚敖山與諸葛孔明結盟,助孔明南片有功,受冊封為羅甸王,令其治理慕胯(今大方)。國家級第三批文保名單。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 貴(gui)州省畢(bi)節市大方縣(xian)
  • 適宜季節: 全年
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級第三批(明)
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傳統文化

陵墓風格

奢(she)香(xiang)陵墓(mu)九層臺(tai),人龍(long)(long)文虎彝(yi)象開。墓(mu)葬坐北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南,左面有(you)條“青龍(long)(long)”,乃是(shi)“萬(wan)山(shan)(shan)環(huan)地拱,一嶺向(xiang)天(tian)撐”的(de)云(yun)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)登(deng)高(gao)(gao)放(fang)眼,層巒疊嶂,云(yun)霧繚繞,偉(wei)岸(an)如(ru)海,會使人頓生胸(xiong)襟(jin)宏闊,意興高(gao)(gao)遠的(de)情懷;右邊(bian)有(you)條“活龍(long)(long)”,則是(shi)已經通(tong)車,川(chuan)流不息的(de)黔西北(bei)(bei)第一條高(gao)(gao)等級(ji)公路,由大(da)(da)方(fang)縣城抵四(si)川(chuan)的(de)納(na)溪,直(zhi)接與長江水(shui)運相連(lian)的(de)大(da)(da)納(na)公路。前有(you)浪風臺(tai)“馳(chi)逐于(yu)其南”,后有(you)將軍山(shan)(shan),“坐鎮(zhen)于(yu)其北(bei)(bei)”。在四(si)周山(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)林秀(xiu)的(de)風景映襯之(zhi)中,更顯示出奢(she)香(xiang)墓(mu)的(de)建構布局,氣勢(shi)恢宏,肅(su)穆(mu)莊重,巋然巨制(zhi)。環(huan)圍墓(mu)表的(de)板柱(zhu)、瓦(wa)(wa)筒(tong)、瓦(wa)(wa)當和護欄、華(hua)表等的(de)浮雕、雕刻精(jing)細(xi),刀(dao)法(fa)古樸,造(zao)型生動,智利健有(you)力(li),全是(shi)形態各異的(de)生龍(long)(long)活虎之(zhi)象,鮮明地體現了彝(yi)族獨特的(de)傳統(tong)文化內涵和藝術風格,具有(you)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)審美價值(zhi)。

精神象征

崇龍尚虎(hu)的(de)圖騰崇拜,是(shi)(shi)彝族(zu)(zu)先(xian)民(min)(min)的(de)精神文(wen)(wen)化象征。也是(shi)(shi)以(yi)漢族(zu)(zu)為主體的(de)中華民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化紐帶(dai),它的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)悠久,源遠(yuan)流(liu)長。水西連華夏,一脈本相承。奢(she)香墓作為民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)團(tuan)結、彝漢相融的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)見(jian)證,弘揚傳統,激勵后人(ren)的(de)煌煌勝跡(ji),不僅是(shi)(shi)促(cu)進(jin)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)團(tuan)結,進(jin)啎愛國(guo)方義(yi)和歷史(shi)(shi)叭(ba)物主義(yi)教育(yu)生動(dong)的(de)教科書,而(er)且了是(shi)(shi)國(guo)內(nei)外人(ren)士到大(da)方縣旅游觀光、訪(fang)古(gu)覽勝、參(can)觀瞻仰的(de)別(bie)具一格的(de)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)景(jing)觀。

重點文物

奢(she)香(xiang)翹楚水(shui)西(xi)(xi),奄奄聲華(hua)(hua)夏,彪炳(bing)千秋,是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)歷史(shi)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)維護民族(zu)團結和(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)了豐(feng)功(gong)偉績的(de)(de)(de)(de)巾(jin)幗(guo)英雄。奢(she)香(xiang)逝世(shi)600年(nian)(nian)來(lai),其(qi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)是(shi)(shi)幾經滄(cang)桑陵谷(gu)改,一(yi)(yi)抔黃士嗟猶(you)大;行人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)憑吊荒煙籠,欲識原告(gao)文(wen)(wen)掃(sao)蒼苔。清康(kang)煕(xi)三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1664年(nian)(nian))。平西(xi)(xi)王吳三桂率兵(bing)“剿水(shui)西(xi)(xi)”時,毀(hui)于兵(bing)燹。清道光(guang)十三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1833年(nian)(nian))奢(she)香(xiang)后(hou)裔安(an)淦辛以(yi)奢(she)香(xiang)代夫(fu)(fu)襲職,開通(tong)(tong)九(jiu)驛,“勛垂(chui)竹(zhu)(zhu)帛,在國(guo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)臣;守勵(li)冰霜(shuang),于家(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)節(jie)婦”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)由,稟文(wen)(wen)大定府請予修(xiu)葺“順(shun)德(de)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)祠墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”。當時大定府即(ji)予立(li)(li)(li)案(an),批文(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“順(shun)德(de)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)篤(du)忠貞,志堅金石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);名垂(chui)竹(zhu)(zhu)帛,望重華(hua)(hua)夷。路通(tong)(tong)九(jiu)驛,鑿山著磐石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之功(gong);坐(zuo)鎮百蠻,賜(si)姓(xing)奠苞桑葉之固。實千古偉人(ren)(ren),幸一(yi)(yi)抔沿在,宜加獎(jiang)藉,以(yi)勵(li)精誠(cheng)。”后(hou)由大定知(zhi)府王緒昆(kun)、黔西(xi)(xi)知(zhi)州吳嵩梁于道光(guang)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1838年(nian)(nian))主持將墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)修(xiu)復(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圍(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)土,另立(li)(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)碑(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志碑(bei)(bei),立(li)(li)(li)“奢(she)香(xiang)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)故里”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)標于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)側臥路旁(pang)。發(fa)國(guo)以(yi)來(lai),由于未加管理,日久年(nian)(nian)湮,瀕于毀(hui)廢。1960年(nian)(nian),人(ren)(ren)民政府貫徹發(fa)展政策對(dui)奢(she)香(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)功(gong)績認(ren)真作出評價和(he)(he)肯定,對(dui)奢(she)香(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)行了初(chu)步維修(xiu),并(bing)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴(gui)州省級文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。到了20世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)代,改革開放國(guo)家(jia)興旺、巾(jin)幗(guo)建(jian)功(gong),盛世(shi)弘(hong)揚(yang)。1985年(nian)(nian)起,中(zhong)央和(he)(he)省、地(di)縣(xian)各(ge)級政府撥款(kuan)修(xiu)葺奢(she)香(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。1988年(nian)(nian)元(yuan)月,經國(guo)務院批準,奢(she)香(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。修(xiu)葺后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)奢(she)香(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),在規模和(he)(he)結構(gou)上恢復(fu)了原貌。占地(di)面(mian)(mian)積2萬平方米(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)圍(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)土,高4.5米(mi),直徑6米(mi),圓(yuan)圍(wei)18. 84米(mi);采用(yong)須(xu)彌座(zuo)式,分(fen)9盤(pan)圍(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)砌(qi),每盤(pan)用(yong)36塊精料白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9的(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍;第(di)(di)(di)六圓(yuan)圍(wei)是(shi)(shi)9板(ban)9柱高浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao),柱上是(shi)(shi)虎頭紋構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)案(an)花紋,板(ban)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9龍9虎變形圖(tu)(tu);第(di)(di)(di)九(jiu)圓(yuan)圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瓦筒,72瓦當虎面(mian)(mian)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)組(zu)成。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)依地(di)形筑砌(qi)兩道堡坎勞動力石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平臺(tai),各(ge)高1.5米(mi);第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)長(chang)(chang)46.8米(mi),中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9米(mi)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)9級踏云夢山,踏垛左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)120X60厘米(mi)欄(lan)板(ban)立(li)(li)(li)柱浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)各(ge)3塊,平臺(tai)左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)36塊120X80厘米(mi)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙面(mian)(mian)虎頭紋圖(tu)(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)欄(lan)板(ban),和(he)(he)38根120X30厘米(mi)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎頭圓(yuan)雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)柱鑲嵌而成;第(di)(di)(di)二平臺(tai)長(chang)(chang)23.4米(mi),中(zhong)仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)9級踏垛,左右各(ge)安(an)欄(lan)板(ban)3塊,立(li)(li)(li)柱3根,左右平臺(tai)仍鑲嵌欄(lan)板(ban)18板(ban)塊,立(li)(li)(li)柱20根。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)中(zhong)軸線上立(li)(li)(li)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)(bei)1塊,高3.6米(mi),寬1.45米(mi),碑(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)(ke)彝、漢文(wen)(wen)合璧的(de)(de)(de)(de)“明順(shun)德(de)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)攝貴(gui)州宣(xuan)慰使奢(she)香(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”各(ge)14字,背面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)(ke)奢(she)香(xiang)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)贊》五言詩(shi),共248字。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)平臺(tai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅1對(dui),各(ge)高2.6米(mi);平臺(tai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)道寬7米(mi),長(chang)(chang)70米(mi),立(li)(li)(li)有(you)華(hua)(hua)表1對(dui),全(quan)高6.4米(mi),華(hua)(hua)表下各(ge)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)120X80厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)護礎立(li)(li)(li)柱欄(lan)板(ban)16塊16柱,華(hua)(hua)表上為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)云鶴(he)高浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao),頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)獸(shou)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)四周為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仿(fang)古馬前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)漢墻圈圍(wei)環護,內(nei)有(you)水(shui)池(chi)亭榭,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄(lan)小橋,花樹(shu)草(cao)坪,構(gou)成可供游息欣賞的(de)(de)(de)(de)幽(you)雅環境。

墓主傳記

大(da)明(ming)順(shun)(shun)德(de)夫(fu)人-奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)夫(fu)人傳奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang),彝名(ming)舍(she)茲,生于(yu)(yu)元(yuan)順(shun)(shun)帝至正二十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1361年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、系(xi)(四川(chuan)藺州(zhou) )宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)、彝族恒部(bu)(bu)(bu)扯勒(le)君(jun)長(chang)奢(she)(she)氏(shi)之女(nv)。明(ming)洪武(wu)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1375年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)方(fang)十(shi)四,嫁(jia)與(yu)貴州(zhou)彝族默部(bu)(bu)(bu)水西(今(jin)大(da)方(fang))君(jun)長(chang)、貴州(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妻(qi)。其(qi)(qi)夫(fu)靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui),彝名(ming)隴(long)贊(zan)阿期,系(xi)貴州(zhou)彝族默部(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de)施氏(shi)勿阿納四十(shi)六世孫,元(yuan)末襲(xi)(xi)任順(shun)(shun)元(yuan)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi)(shi),八番順(shun)(shun)元(yuan)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)加云南(nan)行省左丞。明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)璋滅元(yuan)后(hou),在(zai)金陵(今(jin)南(nan)京)建(jian)立明(ming)王朝中央政(zheng)(zheng)權,于(yu)(yu)明(ming)洪武(wu)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1371年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))撤銷原元(yuan)建(jian)制,設貴州(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)司(si)。靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)與(yu)水東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)蒙古(gu)(gu)歹、普定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)總管適爾等先后(hou)率部(bu)(bu)(bu)歸附明(ming)王朝。朱元(yuan)璋皆(jie)"予(yu)以(yi)原官世襲(xi)(xi)","賦稅聽其(qi)(qi)輸納"。以(yi)靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴州(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi)(shi);宋(song)(song)蒙古(gu)(gu)歹為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)同知(zhi)(zhi),并賜名(ming)曰"欽(qin)"。洪武(wu)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1373年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)璋鑒于(yu)(yu)靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)統轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)水西領(ling)地較廣,是(shi)控制川(chuan)滇黔邊(bian)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略要(yao)地,民族眾(zhong)多,具有不屈不撓(nao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗(kang)精神(shen),兵力強大(da),行動(dong)統一(yi),其(qi)(qi)對西南(nan)政(zheng)(zheng)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding),具有舉足(zu)輕重的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)下詔,"升貴州(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)司(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)司(si),以(yi)靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi),宋(song)(song)欽(qin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)同知(zhi)(zhi),令靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)位各宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)之上,設治所于(yu)(yu)貴州(zhou)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(今(jin)貴陽(yang))"。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)自幼聰明(ming)能(neng)干(gan),好學深思(si),婚后(hou)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)助,經常輔佐丈夫(fu)處理宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)許(xu)多政(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)。在(zai)與(yu)丈夫(fu)共同生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)逐(zhu)步(bu)增長(chang)了攝政(zheng)(zheng)理事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治才能(neng),以(yi)賢能(neng)聞名(ming)水西各部(bu)(bu)(bu),受(shou)到族人愛戴、尊稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)苴慕,即君(jun)長(chang)之意。洪武(wu)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1381年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))水東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)欽(qin)死去,由其(qi)(qi)妻(qi)劉淑貞代襲(xi)(xi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)同知(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)職。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),靄(ai)(ai)(ai)翠(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)病逝(shi)。由于(yu)(yu)子尚年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)幼,不能(neng)承襲(xi)(xi)父職,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)毅然(ran)克忍居孀(shuang)撫(fu)(fu)(fu)孤之痛(tong),代襲(xi)(xi)貴州(zhou)省宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)職。

奢香襲職攝政(zheng)后,正(zheng)值明(ming)王(wang)朝揭(jie)開消(xiao)滅故元(yuan)(yuan)梁王(wang)政(zheng)權,統一云南之戰(zhan)的(de)(de)帷(wei)幕。盤踞在(zai)云南的(de)(de)割據勢力主(zhu)要(yao)有故元(yuan)(yuan)梁王(wang)和土酋段氏。梁王(wang)巴(ba)匝刺瓦爾(er)密(mi)以昆(kun)明(ming)為其統治中心,在(zai)明(ming)王(wang)朝建立后,仍(reng)奉元(yuan)(yuan)朝正(zheng)朔,服從退據蒙古沙漠的(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)朝殘余勢力的(de)(de)命令。土酋段氏控制著大理一帶,雖然(ran)直屬北元(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)府管(guan)轄,但處于半獨(du)立狀態。

洪武十四年(nian)九月,明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)璋命潁(ying)川(chuan)侯傅友(you)德為(wei)(wei)征南(nan)(nan)(nan)將軍(jun)(jun),永昌侯藍玉為(wei)(wei)左(zuo)副(fu)將軍(jun)(jun),西(xi)(xi)平侯沐(mu)英為(wei)(wei)右副(fu)將軍(jun)(jun),率(lv)師(shi)(shi)30萬(wan)人(ren),從四川(chuan)、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)兵分兩(liang)路,經貴(gui)州南(nan)(nan)(nan)征云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)。盤踞在云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)蒙割據(ju)(ju)勢(shi)(shi)力(li)視云(yun)、貴(gui)、川(chuan)三(san)省交界處的(de)(de)(de)黔西(xi)(xi)北為(wei)(wei)軍(jun)(jun)事重(zhong)地,暗(an)中(zhong)與這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)土酋相勾結,企圖屯(tun)兵固守,阻(zu)止明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)征討(tao)。奢香審(shen)時度勢(shi)(shi),以(yi)國(guo)家統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong),堅持不卷入使西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)分裂割據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)旋渦(wo),積(ji)極讓明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)在水西(xi)(xi)境(jing)內安(an)營扎寨,主(zhu)動(dong)貢馬、獻糧、通(tong)道,支(zhi)持明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)經貴(gui)州進(jin)伐云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)。再(zai)是憑(ping)借水西(xi)(xi)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)彝族各部的(de)(de)(de)宗族姻親關系,親自出(chu)訪(fang)烏(wu)撒(今(jin)(jin)威寧)、芒部(今(jin)(jin)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鎮雄)等(deng)地,向諸土酋宣以(yi)大義,曉以(yi)利害,進(jin)行勸說開導(dao),從而使割據(ju)(ju)勢(shi)(shi)力(li)失去支(zhi)持。明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)順利進(jin)入云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan),一(yi)(yi)舉消(xiao)滅元(yuan)守軍(jun)(jun),梁王自縊(yi)而死;再(zai)又揮師(shi)(shi)攻克(ke)大理(li),土酋段氏就(jiu)擒,從此結束云(yun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)割據(ju)(ju)勢(shi)(shi)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)治,使明(ming)王朝實現了(le)對西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)邊(bian)陲(chui)的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi),奢香為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi),作出(chu)了(le)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)貢獻。

洪武(wu)十六(liu)年(公元1383年),明王(wang)朝派(pai)駐貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的封(feng)疆大吏--都指揮使馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye),執大漢族(zu)主義偏見,視奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"鬼方蠻(man)女",對其攝(she)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)慰使職政績(ji)卓著(zhu),忌恨不滿;好事(shi)貪功,企圖以打擊彝(yi)族(zu)各部頭領為(wei)(wei)(wei)突(tu)破口,一舉消滅貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族(zu)地方勢力,"代以流官"、"郡(jun)縣(xian)其地",達到(dao)(dao)邀功朝廷(ting),專橫貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的目(mu)的。因水西奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)力量最(zui)強,就把(ba)矛頭對準奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)作了充分的武(wu)裝準備,等待機(ji)會。是時,有人污蔑奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)即借機(ji)將奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)抓(zhua)到(dao)(dao)貴(gui)陽,用彝(yi)族(zu)最(zui)忌諱(hui)的侮辱(ru)(ru)人格的手段(duan)"叱壯(zhuang)士裸香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)衣而笞其背(bei)"。以為(wei)(wei)(wei)如(ru)此激怒(nu)奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),擴(kuo)大事(shi)態(tai)、就可趁機(ji)出兵,大動干戈。奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)無辜受到(dao)(dao)辱(ru)(ru)撻,極為(wei)(wei)(wei)忿怒(nu),折(zhe)斷所(suo)(suo)佩革帶(dai)。與宣(xuan)慰同(tong)知劉淑貞"走訴京師",朱元璋(zhang)下定決心召回馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye),定以"開邊釁(xin),擅辱(ru)(ru)命婦"之罪(zui),將其下獄。然(ran)后賞賜奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)金(jin)銀和絲織品等物(wu)"遣之歸","命所(suo)(suo)過有司,皆陳兵耀之"。臨行(xing),馬(ma)(ma)皇(huang)后又在御花園設(she)宴(yan)款(kuan)待奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),鄭重餞別,奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在同(tong)馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)的較量中,"居然(ran)巾幗丈夫雄",終于兵不血刃(ren),洗雪撻辱(ru)(ru),金(jin)殿勝訴,揚眉吐(tu)氣。她的勝利(li),客觀上起到(dao)(dao)了反(fan)對分裂(lie),消弭戰(zhan)亂,維護了民(min)族(zu)團結和國家(jia)統一的進步作用。

奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)回到貴州后,一(yi)面(mian)宣揚朝廷的(de)威德(de),使"諸羅(luo)大感服",人心(xin)安定;一(yi)面(mian)履(lv)行諾言,刊山通道。在洪荒草(cao)昧(mei),"羊腸險惡無人通",雪棧云林,"落(luo)落(luo)千(qian)秋無通款"的(de)貴州高原,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)親率各部,組織投入巨大的(de)人力(li)物力(li),"披荊斬枳剪(jian)蒿萊","鑿山刊木穿(chuan)蒙茸(rong)",開辟出以偏橋(今(jin)(jin)(jin)施秉(bing)縣(xian)境(jing))為中心(xin)的(de)兩條(tiao)驛(yi)道:一(yi)條(tiao)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)經水(shui)東(今(jin)(jin)(jin)貴陽東北(bei))過烏(wu)撒(今(jin)(jin)(jin)威寧)達烏(wu)蒙(今(jin)(jin)(jin)云南昭通);一(yi)條(tiao)向(xiang)北(bei)經草(cao)塘(今(jin)(jin)(jin)修文(wen)縣(xian)內(nei))、陸廣(guang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)修文(wen)六廣(guang))、谷里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)黔西(xi)(xi)谷里)、水(shui)西(xi)(xi)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)黔西(xi)(xi)城關)、奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)大方(fang)(fang)大渡(du)河橋西(xi)(xi)北(bei))、閣鴉(今(jin)(jin)(jin)大方(fang)(fang)響水(shui)小(xiao)閣鴉)、歸化(今(jin)(jin)(jin)大方(fang)(fang)雙山歸化)、畢節(jie)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)畢節(jie)二鋪)等九(jiu)(jiu)驛(yi)(龍(long)場驛(yi)為首,故稱"龍(long)場九(jiu)(jiu)驛(yi)"),歲貢馬匹和廩積。

"鬼(gui)國山河改(gai),皇華(hua)驛路存";"九驛郵初置(zhi),三巴路已通"。奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)主持(chi)開辟的(de)(de)(de)(de)驛道(dao),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)縱(zong)橫貴(gui)(gui)州以達云南(nan)、四(si)川、湖南(nan)邊境的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通要道(dao),改(gai)變了(le)貴(gui)(gui)州險阻閉塞"夜郎自(zi)大(da)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況,溝通了(le)邊疆與中(zhong)(zhong)原內地(di)在(zai)(zai)政(zheng)治、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi),增進(jin)(jin)了(le)漢(han)民族(zu)(zu)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)各兄(xiong)弟民族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了(le)貴(gui)(gui)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)開發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)社(she)會進(jin)(jin)步。"龍場九驛"成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)國為(wei)(wei)民建樹煌煌業(ye)績中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)豐碑。明(ming)王朝(chao)亦把奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當作巾幗功臣(chen)。明(ming)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)朱(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)曾這樣稱道(dao):"奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)歸(gui)附,勝得(de)十萬雄兵!"  "九驛路開山失險","自(zi)是大(da)道(dao)通而西(xi)(xi)南(nan)益辟"。從此之后,奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)多次到(dao)金陵,通過朝(chao)覲、稟呈政(zheng)務(wu)、輸賦、進(jin)(jin)貢(gong)地(di)方(fang)物產和(he)(he)馬匹等(deng)活動,使貴(gui)(gui)州和(he)(he)明(ming)王朝(chao)中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)更加密切起來(lai)。"每歲(sui)貢(gong)獻不(bu)絕。報施之隆亦非他土司所(suo)敢望"。通過廣泛地(di)接觸(chu)漢(han)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)開闊了(le)眼界,深感貴(gui)(gui)州遠在(zai)(zai)邊陲,貧困(kun)落后,決心"躬親倡文(wen)(wen)明(ming)"。奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)攝(she)職期(qi)間,多方(fang)接識中(zhong)(zhong)原內地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)才(cai)人學士(shi),聘迎漢(han)儒到(dao)貴(gui)(gui)州興辦(ban)宣(xuan)慰(wei)司學,傳播漢(han)文(wen)(wen)化(hua);招來(lai)能工巧匠(jiang),傳授(shou)先進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耕織技術,開置(zhi)農田,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)產;倡導(dao)彝(yi)漢(han)融和(he)(he),安居樂業(ye)。洪(hong)武二十三年(nian)(公元(yuan)1390年(nian))奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)將長大(da)成(cheng)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨子阿期(qi)隴的(de)(de)(de)(de)派到(dao)金陵,請入京師太(tai)(tai)學讀書,明(ming)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)朱(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)特(te)下詔"諭國子監官,善為(wei)(wei)訓教,庶(shu)不(bu)負(fu)遠人慕學之心"。洪(hong)武二十五年(nian)(公元(yuan)1392年(nian))阿期(qi)隴的(de)(de)(de)(de)學成(cheng)而歸(gui),朱(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)賜(si)與三品朝(chao)服并(bing)襲衣、金帶等(deng),并(bing)欽(qin)賜(si)姓"安",漢(han)名(ming)(ming)亦叫安的(de)(de)(de)(de)。同(tong)年(nian)十月(yue),奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)派遣子媳奢(she)助及把事頭目(mu)允則隴,帶上被朱(zhu)元(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)賜(si)名(ming)(ming)曰"飛越(yue)峰"的(de)(de)(de)(de)水西(xi)(xi)名(ming)(ming)馬60匹入朝(chao)獻恩。經(jing)(jing)過奢(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勤政(zheng)治理(li),苦心經(jing)(jing)營,使莽(mang)莽(mang)黔山彝(yi)嶺的(de)(de)(de)(de)水西(xi)(xi)地(di)區,社(she)會安定,民族(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)睦相處,經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),文(wen)(wen)明(ming)氣象日昌。

洪武二十九年(nian)(公元(yuan)1396年(nian)),年(nian)僅35歲的奢(she)香(xiang)不幸病逝。明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)特派使臣到水西,參加奢(she)香(xiang)的葬禮,加謚(shi)奢(she)香(xiang)為"大明(ming)順德夫人"。

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