傳統文化
陵墓風格
奢香陵墓(mu)九層臺,人龍(long)文虎彝象開。墓(mu)葬坐北(bei)向南,左面有(you)(you)條(tiao)“青(qing)龍(long)”,乃是(shi)“萬山(shan)環地(di)拱,一嶺向天撐”的(de)(de)云龍(long)山(shan)登高放眼(yan),層巒疊(die)嶂(zhang),云霧繚(liao)繞,偉岸如海,會(hui)使人頓生胸襟宏闊(kuo),意興(xing)高遠(yuan)的(de)(de)情懷;右邊有(you)(you)條(tiao)“活(huo)龍(long)”,則是(shi)已經通車,川流不息的(de)(de)黔西北(bei)第一條(tiao)高等級公路,由大方縣城(cheng)抵四(si)川的(de)(de)納溪,直(zhi)接與(yu)長江(jiang)水運相連(lian)的(de)(de)大納公路。前有(you)(you)浪(lang)風臺“馳逐于(yu)其(qi)南”,后(hou)有(you)(you)將軍山(shan),“坐鎮于(yu)其(qi)北(bei)”。在四(si)周山(shan)高林秀的(de)(de)風景(jing)映(ying)襯之(zhi)中(zhong),更顯示出(chu)奢香墓(mu)的(de)(de)建構布局,氣勢(shi)恢宏,肅(su)穆莊重,巋然巨制。環圍墓(mu)表的(de)(de)板柱、瓦筒、瓦當和(he)(he)護欄(lan)、華表等的(de)(de)浮雕、雕刻精細(xi),刀法古樸,造型(xing)生動,智利健有(you)(you)力,全(quan)是(shi)形態各異的(de)(de)生龍(long)活(huo)虎之(zhi)象,鮮明地(di)體現了彝族(zu)獨特的(de)(de)傳統(tong)文化內涵和(he)(he)藝術風格,具有(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)審美價值(zhi)。
精神象征
崇(chong)龍(long)尚虎的(de)(de)圖(tu)騰崇(chong)拜,是彝族(zu)先民(min)(min)的(de)(de)精神文化(hua)象征。也是以漢族(zu)為(wei)主體的(de)(de)中華民(min)(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)文化(hua)紐帶,它的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)悠久(jiu),源遠(yuan)流長。水(shui)西連華夏,一脈本相承。奢(she)香墓作為(wei)民(min)(min)族(zu)團結(jie)、彝漢相融的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)見(jian)證,弘揚傳統,激勵后人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)煌煌勝(sheng)跡(ji),不僅是促進(jin)民(min)(min)族(zu)團結(jie),進(jin)啎愛國方義和(he)歷(li)(li)史(shi)叭(ba)物主義教育生動的(de)(de)教科書,而且了是國內外(wai)人(ren)(ren)士到大方縣旅游(you)觀光、訪古覽勝(sheng)、參(can)觀瞻仰(yang)的(de)(de)別具一格的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)文景觀。
重點文物
奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)翹楚水(shui)西(xi)(xi),奄(yan)(yan)奄(yan)(yan)聲(sheng)華(hua)夏,彪炳千秋,是我(wo)國(guo)歷史上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)維護(hu)(hu)民族團結(jie)和(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)統一(yi)建立(li)(li)了(le)豐功(gong)偉績(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)巾(jin)幗(guo)英(ying)雄。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)逝世600年(nian)(nian)來,其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬是幾經(jing)滄桑陵(ling)谷改,一(yi)抔黃士(shi)嗟猶大(da);行人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)憑吊荒(huang)煙籠,欲識原(yuan)告文掃(sao)蒼苔(tai)。清康煕三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1664年(nian)(nian))。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)西(xi)(xi)王吳三桂率兵(bing)“剿水(shui)西(xi)(xi)”時,毀于(yu)(yu)兵(bing)燹。清道(dao)(dao)光十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1833年(nian)(nian))奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)后裔安(an)(an)淦辛以奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)代(dai)夫襲職,開通(tong)九(jiu)(jiu)驛,“勛(xun)垂竹帛,在(zai)國(guo)為(wei)(wei)功(gong)臣;守勵冰霜,于(yu)(yu)家(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)節婦”為(wei)(wei)由(you),稟文大(da)定府請予(yu)修(xiu)葺“順(shun)德夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)祠墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”。當(dang)時大(da)定府即予(yu)立(li)(li)案,批(pi)文曰:“順(shun)德夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)以篤忠貞,志(zhi)(zhi)堅金(jin)石(shi)(shi)(shi);名垂竹帛,望重華(hua)夷。路通(tong)九(jiu)(jiu)驛,鑿山(shan)著磐石(shi)(shi)(shi)之功(gong);坐(zuo)鎮百蠻,賜姓奠苞桑葉之固。實千古(gu)偉人(ren)(ren)(ren),幸一(yi)抔沿在(zai),宜加(jia)獎藉,以勵精誠。”后由(you)大(da)定知(zhi)府王緒昆(kun)、黔(qian)西(xi)(xi)知(zhi)州吳嵩梁于(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)光十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1838年(nian)(nian))主持將墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)修(xiu)復為(wei)(wei)圍(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)封土(tu),另立(li)(li)面(mian)碑和(he)(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)碑,立(li)(li)“奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)故里”石(shi)(shi)(shi)標于(yu)(yu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)側臥路旁。發(fa)國(guo)以來,由(you)于(yu)(yu)未加(jia)管理(li),日久年(nian)(nian)湮,瀕于(yu)(yu)毀廢(fei)。1960年(nian)(nian),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府貫徹發(fa)展(zhan)政(zheng)策對奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)歷史功(gong)績(ji)(ji)認真作出(chu)評價(jia)和(he)(he)肯定,對奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進行了(le)初步維修(xiu),并列為(wei)(wei)貴(gui)(gui)州省級文物保護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位。到了(le)20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代(dai),改革開放國(guo)家(jia)(jia)興旺、巾(jin)幗(guo)建功(gong),盛世弘揚(yang)。1985年(nian)(nian)起(qi),中(zhong)央和(he)(he)省、地(di)縣各(ge)(ge)(ge)級政(zheng)府撥(bo)款修(xiu)葺奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。1988年(nian)(nian)元(yuan)(yuan)月,經(jing)國(guo)務院(yuan)批(pi)準,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)重點文物保護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位。修(xiu)葺后的(de)(de)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),在(zai)規模和(he)(he)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)(shang)恢復了(le)原(yuan)貌。占地(di)面(mian)積2萬平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬圍(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)封土(tu),高(gao)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑6米(mi)(mi)(mi),圓圍(wei)(wei)18. 84米(mi)(mi)(mi);采用須彌座式,分9盤圍(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)砌(qi),每盤用36塊精料白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)9的(de)(de)4倍;第六圓圍(wei)(wei)是9板(ban)9柱(zhu)高(gao)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao),柱(zhu)上(shang)(shang)是虎頭紋構(gou)成的(de)(de)圖(tu)案花(hua)紋,板(ban)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)9龍9虎變形(xing)圖(tu);第九(jiu)(jiu)圓圍(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)瓦(wa)筒,72瓦(wa)當(dang)虎面(mian)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)組成。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)依地(di)形(xing)筑(zhu)砌(qi)兩道(dao)(dao)堡坎勞動力石(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai),各(ge)(ge)(ge)高(gao)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi);第一(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)長46.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)9米(mi)(mi)(mi)寬的(de)(de)9級踏云夢山(shan),踏垛左右為(wei)(wei)120X60厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)欄(lan)板(ban)立(li)(li)柱(zhu)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)各(ge)(ge)(ge)3塊,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)左右為(wei)(wei)36塊120X80厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)面(mian)虎頭紋圖(tu)案的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)欄(lan)板(ban),和(he)(he)38根(gen)120X30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎頭圓雕(diao)的(de)(de)立(li)(li)柱(zhu)鑲嵌而(er)成;第二平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)長23.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)9級踏垛,左右各(ge)(ge)(ge)安(an)(an)欄(lan)板(ban)3塊,立(li)(li)柱(zhu)3根(gen),左右平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)仍(reng)鑲嵌欄(lan)板(ban)18板(ban)塊,立(li)(li)柱(zhu)20根(gen)。第一(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)立(li)(li)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑1塊,高(gao)3.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1.45米(mi)(mi)(mi),碑面(mian)刻彝、漢文合璧的(de)(de)“明順(shun)德夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)攝貴(gui)(gui)州宣慰使(shi)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”各(ge)(ge)(ge)14字,背面(mian)刻奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)贊》五言詩(shi),共(gong)248字。第一(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)前(qian),左右為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅1對,各(ge)(ge)(ge)高(gao)2.6米(mi)(mi)(mi);平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)前(qian)的(de)(de)神(shen)道(dao)(dao)寬7米(mi)(mi)(mi),長70米(mi)(mi)(mi),立(li)(li)有華(hua)表1對,全高(gao)6.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),華(hua)表下各(ge)(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)120X80厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)護(hu)(hu)礎立(li)(li)柱(zhu)欄(lan)板(ban)16塊16柱(zhu),華(hua)表上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)云鶴(he)高(gao)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao),頂為(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)獸。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)四(si)周為(wei)(wei)仿古(gu)馬前(qian)漢墻(qiang)圈圍(wei)(wei)環(huan)護(hu)(hu),內有水(shui)池亭榭,石(shi)(shi)(shi)欄(lan)小(xiao)橋,花(hua)樹(shu)草坪,構(gou)成可供游息欣(xin)賞的(de)(de)幽雅環(huan)境。
墓主傳記
大明(ming)(ming)(ming)順德夫(fu)(fu)人-奢香(xiang)(xiang)夫(fu)(fu)人傳奢香(xiang)(xiang),彝名舍茲,生(sheng)于元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)順帝(di)至正(zheng)二十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1361年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、系(四(si)(si)川(chuan)藺州(zhou)(zhou) )宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)使(shi)、彝族(zu)恒(heng)部(bu)扯(che)勒君長(chang)奢氏之(zhi)女(nv)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪武(wu)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1375年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)方(fang)十(shi)四(si)(si),嫁與(yu)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)彝族(zu)默部(bu)水(shui)西(xi)(今(jin)大方(fang))君長(chang)、貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)為妻(qi)(qi)。其(qi)(qi)夫(fu)(fu)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui),彝名隴(long)贊阿(a)期,系貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)彝族(zu)默部(bu)德施氏勿阿(a)納四(si)(si)十(shi)六世孫,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末襲(xi)(xi)任(ren)順元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)使(shi),八番順元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)加(jia)云南(nan)行(xing)省左丞。明(ming)(ming)(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋滅(mie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou),在金陵(今(jin)南(nan)京)建立明(ming)(ming)(ming)王朝(chao)(chao)中(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)權,于明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪武(wu)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1371年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))撤(che)銷(xiao)原元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建制,設(she)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)司(si)。靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)與(yu)水(shui)東的(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)蒙(meng)古歹、普定的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)總(zong)管適(shi)爾等(deng)先(xian)后(hou)率部(bu)歸(gui)附明(ming)(ming)(ming)王朝(chao)(chao)。朱元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋皆"予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)原官世襲(xi)(xi)","賦稅聽其(qi)(qi)輸(shu)納"。以(yi)(yi)(yi)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)為貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)使(shi);宋(song)(song)蒙(meng)古歹為宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)同知(zhi),并賜名曰(yue)"欽(qin)"。洪武(wu)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1373年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋鑒于靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)統轄(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)西(xi)領地(di)較廣(guang),是控制川(chuan)滇黔邊(bian)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰略要地(di),民族(zu)眾多,具有(you)不屈不撓的(de)(de)(de)(de)反抗精神,兵力強大,行(xing)動統一,其(qi)(qi)對西(xi)南(nan)政(zheng)(zheng)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定,具有(you)舉足輕(qing)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,于是下詔,"升貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)撫(fu)(fu)司(si)為宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si),以(yi)(yi)(yi)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)為宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi),宋(song)(song)欽(qin)為宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)同知(zhi),令(ling)靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)位(wei)各宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)上,設(she)治(zhi)所于貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)城內(nei)(今(jin)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang))"。奢香(xiang)(xiang)自幼聰(cong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)能(neng)(neng)干,好(hao)學深思(si),婚后(hou)成為靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)助(zhu),經(jing)常輔佐丈夫(fu)(fu)處理(li)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多政(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)。在與(yu)丈夫(fu)(fu)共同生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong),奢香(xiang)(xiang)逐步增長(chang)了(le)攝政(zheng)(zheng)理(li)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)才能(neng)(neng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)賢能(neng)(neng)聞名水(shui)西(xi)各部(bu),受(shou)到族(zu)人愛戴、尊稱(cheng)為苴慕,即君長(chang)之(zhi)意(yi)。洪武(wu)十(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1381年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))水(shui)東的(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)欽(qin)死去,由其(qi)(qi)妻(qi)(qi)劉淑貞(zhen)代襲(xi)(xi)宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)同知(zhi)一職。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),靄(ai)(ai)翠(cui)病逝。由于子尚年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)幼,不能(neng)(neng)承襲(xi)(xi)父職,奢香(xiang)(xiang)毅然克忍(ren)居孀(shuang)撫(fu)(fu)孤之(zhi)痛,代襲(xi)(xi)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省宣(xuan)(xuan)慰(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)職。
奢(she)香襲(xi)職攝(she)政后,正值明(ming)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)揭開消(xiao)滅故元(yuan)(yuan)梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)政權(quan),統一云南之戰的(de)帷(wei)幕。盤踞在(zai)(zai)云南的(de)割據(ju)勢力(li)主要有(you)故元(yuan)(yuan)梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)和土(tu)酋段氏(shi)。梁(liang)王(wang)(wang)巴(ba)匝刺瓦爾密以昆明(ming)為其統治中(zhong)心,在(zai)(zai)明(ming)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)建立(li)(li)后,仍奉元(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)正朔(shuo),服從退據(ju)蒙古(gu)沙漠的(de)元(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)殘余勢力(li)的(de)命令。土(tu)酋段氏(shi)控制(zhi)著大(da)理一帶,雖然(ran)直屬北元(yuan)(yuan)政府(fu)管(guan)轄,但處于半(ban)獨立(li)(li)狀態。
洪武(wu)十(shi)四(si)(si)年九月,明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)璋命(ming)潁(ying)川(chuan)侯(hou)傅友德為征南(nan)(nan)(nan)將軍,永昌侯(hou)藍玉為左(zuo)副將軍,西平侯(hou)沐英為右副將軍,率師30萬人,從四(si)(si)川(chuan)、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)兵分兩路,經貴州南(nan)(nan)(nan)征云南(nan)(nan)(nan)。盤踞在云南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)元(yuan)蒙(meng)割(ge)據勢力視云、貴、川(chuan)三(san)省交界處的(de)(de)黔(qian)西北(bei)為軍事重地,暗中與這一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)土酋相(xiang)勾結,企圖屯(tun)兵固守(shou),阻止明(ming)軍征討。奢香(xiang)審時度勢,以國家統(tong)(tong)一(yi)為重,堅持不卷入(ru)使(shi)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)分裂割(ge)據的(de)(de)旋(xuan)渦(wo),積極讓(rang)明(ming)軍在水(shui)西境內安營扎寨,主動(dong)貢馬、獻糧、通道,支持明(ming)軍經貴州進伐云南(nan)(nan)(nan)。再是憑借水(shui)西與西南(nan)(nan)(nan)彝族(zu)各部的(de)(de)宗族(zu)姻親關系,親自出訪烏撒(今威寧)、芒部(今云南(nan)(nan)(nan)鎮雄)等(deng)地,向諸土酋宣以大義(yi),曉以利(li)害,進行勸說開(kai)導(dao),從而使(shi)割(ge)據勢力失去支持。明(ming)軍順利(li)進入(ru)云南(nan)(nan)(nan),一(yi)舉消(xiao)滅元(yuan)守(shou)軍,梁王(wang)自縊而死;再又揮(hui)師攻克大理,土酋段氏就擒,從此(ci)結束云南(nan)(nan)(nan)割(ge)據勢力的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi),使(shi)明(ming)王(wang)朝(chao)實現了(le)(le)對(dui)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)邊陲的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi),奢香(xiang)為國家的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi),作出了(le)(le)重要(yao)的(de)(de)貢獻。
洪武(wu)十(shi)六年(公元(yuan)1383年),明王朝派駐貴州(zhou)(zhou)的封疆大(da)吏--都指揮使馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye),執大(da)漢族(zu)(zu)主義偏(pian)見,視(shi)奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為"鬼方蠻女",對其(qi)(qi)攝貴州(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)慰(wei)使職(zhi)政績卓(zhuo)著,忌(ji)恨不(bu)滿;好(hao)事(shi)貪功,企圖以(yi)打擊(ji)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)各(ge)部(bu)頭領為突破口,一舉消滅貴州(zhou)(zhou)少數民族(zu)(zu)地方勢力,"代以(yi)流官"、"郡縣其(qi)(qi)地",達(da)到邀(yao)功朝廷(ting),專橫貴州(zhou)(zhou)的目的。因水西(xi)奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)力量最(zui)強,就把矛(mao)頭對準(zhun)奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。為此(ci)馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)作了充分的武(wu)裝準(zhun)備,等待(dai)機(ji)會。是時,有人(ren)污蔑奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)即(ji)借機(ji)將奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)抓到貴陽(yang),用彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)最(zui)忌(ji)諱的侮(wu)辱人(ren)格(ge)的手(shou)段(duan)"叱(chi)壯士裸香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)衣(yi)而笞其(qi)(qi)背"。以(yi)為如(ru)此(ci)激怒奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),擴大(da)事(shi)態、就可趁(chen)機(ji)出兵(bing),大(da)動干戈。奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)無辜(gu)受到辱撻,極為忿怒,折斷所(suo)佩(pei)革(ge)帶。與(yu)宣(xuan)慰(wei)同知劉淑(shu)貞"走訴(su)(su)京師(shi)",朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)下定(ding)(ding)決心召回馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye),定(ding)(ding)以(yi)"開邊釁,擅(shan)辱命婦"之(zhi)(zhi)罪,將其(qi)(qi)下獄(yu)。然后(hou)賞(shang)賜奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)金銀和(he)絲織品等物"遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)歸","命所(suo)過有司,皆(jie)陳(chen)兵(bing)耀(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)"。臨行,馬(ma)(ma)皇后(hou)又在(zai)御花園設宴款(kuan)待(dai)奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),鄭(zheng)重餞別,奢香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)同馬(ma)(ma)曄(ye)的較量中,"居然巾(jin)幗丈夫雄(xiong)",終于兵(bing)不(bu)血(xue)刃,洗(xi)雪撻辱,金殿勝(sheng)訴(su)(su),揚眉吐氣。她(ta)的勝(sheng)利,客觀上起到了反對分裂,消弭戰亂,維(wei)護了民族(zu)(zu)團(tuan)結和(he)國家統一的進步作用。
奢香(xiang)回到貴(gui)州后,一面宣揚朝廷的(de)威(wei)德,使"諸羅(luo)大(da)(da)感服",人心安(an)定;一面履(lv)行諾言,刊山(shan)(shan)通(tong)道。在洪荒草昧,"羊腸險惡無人通(tong)",雪棧云林,"落落千秋無通(tong)款"的(de)貴(gui)州高(gao)原,奢香(xiang)親(qin)率各部,組織投(tou)入巨大(da)(da)的(de)人力物力,"披荊(jing)斬枳剪蒿(hao)萊","鑿山(shan)(shan)刊木穿蒙(meng)茸",開辟出以偏橋(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)施(shi)秉(bing)縣(xian)(xian)境)為中(zhong)心的(de)兩條驛道:一條向西(xi)(xi)經水東(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)貴(gui)陽(yang)東北)過烏(wu)撒(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)威(wei)寧(ning))達烏(wu)蒙(meng)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云南(nan)昭通(tong));一條向北經草塘(tang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)修(xiu)文縣(xian)(xian)內)、陸廣(guang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)修(xiu)文六(liu)廣(guang))、谷里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)黔西(xi)(xi)谷里)、水西(xi)(xi)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)黔西(xi)(xi)城(cheng)關)、奢香(xiang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)方大(da)(da)渡河橋西(xi)(xi)北)、閣鴉(ya)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)方響水小閣鴉(ya))、歸化(hua)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)方雙山(shan)(shan)歸化(hua))、畢節(jie)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)畢節(jie)二(er)鋪(pu))等九驛(龍場驛為首,故稱"龍場九驛"),歲(sui)貢馬匹(pi)和廩積。
"鬼(gui)國山(shan)河改,皇華(hua)驛(yi)路(lu)存(cun)";"九(jiu)驛(yi)郵初(chu)置,三巴路(lu)已(yi)通(tong)(tong)"。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)主持開(kai)辟的(de)(de)(de)驛(yi)道(dao),成(cheng)為縱橫貴州(zhou)以達云南(nan)(nan)(nan)、四(si)川、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)邊境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)交通(tong)(tong)要道(dao),改變(bian)了貴州(zhou)險阻閉(bi)塞"夜郎自(zi)大"的(de)(de)(de)狀況,溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)了邊疆與(yu)中(zhong)原內地在(zai)政治、經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)文化上的(de)(de)(de)聯系,增(zeng)進(jin)了漢(han)民(min)族(zu)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)各(ge)兄弟(di)民(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)交流,促進(jin)了貴州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)開(kai)發(fa)和(he)社會進(jin)步(bu)。"龍場(chang)九(jiu)驛(yi)"成(cheng)為奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)為國為民(min)建(jian)樹煌煌業績中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座豐碑。明(ming)王朝亦(yi)(yi)把(ba)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)當作巾幗功臣。明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)曾這樣稱道(dao):"奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)歸(gui)附(fu),勝得十(shi)萬(wan)雄(xiong)兵!" "九(jiu)驛(yi)路(lu)開(kai)山(shan)失險","自(zi)是(shi)大道(dao)通(tong)(tong)而西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)益辟"。從此之(zhi)后(hou),奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)多次(ci)到(dao)金陵,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)朝覲、稟呈政務(wu)、輸賦、進(jin)貢地方(fang)物產(chan)和(he)馬匹等活動,使貴州(zhou)和(he)明(ming)王朝中(zhong)央政權的(de)(de)(de)關系更(geng)加密切起來(lai)。"每歲貢獻(xian)不絕。報施之(zhi)隆亦(yi)(yi)非他(ta)土司所(suo)敢望"。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)廣泛地接(jie)觸漢(han)族(zu)地區文化。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)闊了眼(yan)界,深感貴州(zhou)遠在(zai)邊陲,貧困(kun)落(luo)后(hou),決(jue)心"躬親倡文明(ming)"。奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)攝職期間,多方(fang)接(jie)識中(zhong)原內地的(de)(de)(de)才人(ren)學士,聘(pin)迎漢(han)儒到(dao)貴州(zhou)興辦宣慰司學,傳(chuan)播漢(han)文化;招(zhao)來(lai)能(neng)工巧匠,傳(chuan)授(shou)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)耕織技術,開(kai)置農田,發(fa)展生產(chan);倡導(dao)彝(yi)(yi)漢(han)融和(he),安(an)居樂業。洪(hong)武(wu)二十(shi)三年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1390年(nian))奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)將長(chang)大成(cheng)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)獨子(zi)阿期隴的(de)(de)(de)派到(dao)金陵,請(qing)入京師太學讀書,明(ming)太祖朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)特下(xia)詔"諭國子(zi)監官,善為訓(xun)教,庶不負遠人(ren)慕學之(zhi)心"。洪(hong)武(wu)二十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1392年(nian))阿期隴的(de)(de)(de)學成(cheng)而歸(gui),朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)賜與(yu)三品朝服并襲衣、金帶等,并欽賜姓"安(an)",漢(han)名亦(yi)(yi)叫(jiao)安(an)的(de)(de)(de)。同年(nian)十(shi)月,奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)派遣子(zi)媳奢(she)(she)助及把(ba)事頭目允(yun)則隴,帶上被朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(zhang)賜名曰"飛越峰"的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)名馬60匹入朝獻(xian)恩。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)奢(she)(she)香(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)勤政治理,苦(ku)心經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying),使莽莽黔山(shan)彝(yi)(yi)嶺(ling)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地區,社會安(an)定,民(min)族(zu)和(he)睦相處,經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展,文明(ming)氣象日昌(chang)。
洪武二十九年(nian)(公元(yuan)1396年(nian)),年(nian)僅(jin)35歲的奢香(xiang)不幸病(bing)逝。明太祖朱元(yuan)璋特派使臣到水西,參加(jia)奢香(xiang)的葬(zang)禮,加(jia)謚奢香(xiang)為"大明順德(de)夫人"。