芒果视频下载

福泉城(cheng)墻在貴州(zhou)省福泉市城(cheng)廂(xiang)鎮(zhen)。原為平(ping)越(yue)衛城(cheng)，元代曾在此設平(ping)月長官司。明洪武十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1381年(nian)(nian)(nian)）置(zhi)平(ping)越(yue)千戶所(suo)，十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1382年(nian)(nian)(nian)）改置(zhi)平(ping)越(yue)衛。據(ju)（光(guang)緒(xu)）《平(ping)越(yue)直隸州(zhou)志》卷九及卷三(san)十(shi)四記載，洪武二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1391年(nian)(nian)(nian)）指揮李福“創建土城(cheng)”，“三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)改甃(zhou)以(yi)石，周(zhou)一千四百丈(zhang)，高(gao)二(er)丈(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)，廣一丈(zhang)五尺(chi)(chi)，門四、月城(cheng)三(san)、城(cheng)樓四、警鋪四十(shi)五。”因城(cheng)內無(wu)水，至正統末年(nian)(nian)(nian)，苗族農民(min)起義軍(jun)圍城(cheng)，人馬(ma)渴(ke)死。

概述

“成化間，指(zhi)揮張能建水城(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)西隅，另開(kai)一門(men)(men)曰小西門(men)(men)。”萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年（1601年）置(zhi)平越(yue)軍民府(fu)，府(fu)衛同(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)。萬(wan)(wan)歷(li)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年（1603年）知府(fu)楊可陶(tao)、指(zhi)揮奚(xi)國柱于(yu)(yu)水城(cheng)(cheng)外增建外城(cheng)(cheng)“五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)丈，使水經城(cheng)(cheng)內，汲者便之。”“崇禎十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年（1642年），知府(fu)陳紹英于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)北隅建臺，上有樓(lou)(lou)，名雄鎮(zhen)，復周城(cheng)(cheng)造望樓(lou)(lou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。”清順(shun)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年（1661年）守(shou)道徐宏業、知府(fu)喻全昱先后(hou)增修(xiu)(xiu)。咸豐、同(tong)治間，為(wei)苗族(zu)起(qi)義軍攻破(po)，城(cheng)(cheng)垣“頗有殘毀”。同(tong)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年（1872年）州(zhou)牧(mu)王繼先請款營修(xiu)(xiu)。后(hou)東城(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)小西門(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)墻多處坍塌，至光緒(xu)初(chu)年，州(zhou)牧(mu)鄧在鏞等先后(hou)補修(xiu)(xiu)。光緒(xu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六、二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年（1900～1901年），州(zhou)牧(mu)瞿鴻錫又先后(hou)重修(xiu)(xiu)北門(men)(men)及(ji)東門(men)(men)兩城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)，“于(yu)(yu)是崇閎雄麗(li)，稱此(ci)金湯，論(lun)貴東城(cheng)(cheng)郭(guo)，固不能不以平越(yue)為(wei)冠也。”

內容

1967年前(qian)后，古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)被拆毀(hui)(hui)，現僅存(cun)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及小西門(men)旁的(de)(de)一(yi)段殘垣(yuan)。五座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)除西門(men)已傾圮外(wai)(wai)，其(qi)余四門(men)的(de)(de)劵洞尚存(cun)，但城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓已毀(hui)(hui)。小西門(men)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻構成一(yi)座(zuo)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蜿(wan)蜒(yan)于(yu)(yu)山腰，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑于(yu)(yu)山麓之(zhi)(zhi)河(he)(he)(he)畔；外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橫(heng)臥(wo)沙河(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，用兩層(ceng)石(shi)拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)相連接，圍河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內，又(you)稱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)下(xia)皆設鐵(tie)欄閘門(men)，切斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上(shang)通道，以防外(wai)(wai)部由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道襲城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，這(zhe)是該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)大的(de)(de)特點。而(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩側皆依坡而(er)筑，巍然聳(song)立，并有上(shang)百級石(shi)階可登上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭，使內外(wai)(wai)三城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連，上(shang)下(xia)貫通，氣勢雄偉。該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是古代軍事戰爭防御(yu)與進攻的(de)(de)產物，是智慧的(de)(de)結晶，具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)、藝(yi)術和(he)科研(yan)價值。

歷史

明代是(shi)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)開(kai)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要(yao)(yao)(yao)時期，興起了數千(qian)座衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和府、州(zhou)、縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，還(huan)建起數以千(qian)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屯(tun)堡(bao)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)聳立在(zai)(zai)(zai)萬山(shan)(shan)叢中(zhong)(zhong)，巍然峨然。由于軍事防御的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)多(duo)建在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)勢險(xian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)、易守(shou)難(nan)攻的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，或負山(shan)(shan)面(mian)水(shui)(shui)，或夾河而(er)(er)建，講究(jiu)山(shan)(shan)川形(xing)勝。貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)喀斯特(te)地(di)貌(mao)發育，石料極其豐富，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣大都(dou)用石頭構筑(zhu)，與平原、丘陵地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)土筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、磚筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大不(bu)相(xiang)同，有鮮(xian)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)域特(te)征。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣是(shi)一個龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)群(qun)，包(bao)括(kuo)高大的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)體、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓、串樓、垛口、窩鋪，還(huan)有月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河、水(shui)(shui)關(guan)等。在(zai)(zai)(zai)群(qun)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)修建眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)鑿(zao)石，比其他地(di)方要(yao)(yao)(yao)艱難(nan)得多(duo)。倘若(ruo)把貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)大大小小的(de)(de)(de)(de)石頭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石頭堡(bao)連(lian)接起來，工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)艱巨(ju)，恐怕不(bu)亞于萬里長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。隨著時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)推移，在(zai)(zai)(zai)現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)潮中(zhong)(zhong)，古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、古(gu)堡(bao)大都(dou)消失，僥幸保存(cun)下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)已是(shi)寥若(ruo)星辰。而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)被譽(yu)為“磷都(dou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)福泉市，至今還(huan)保留著一段別(bie)具一格的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，的(de)(de)(de)(de)確難(nan)能可貴(gui)(gui)。

福泉，古稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)。這(zhe)里原是少數民族聚(ju)居(ju)區，屬(shu)于(yu)播(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣慰司管(guan)轄。洪武十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)（1382年(nian)(nian)），在(zai)(zai)此(ci)設(she)平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)，把(ba)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)所插入土司地區。萬(wan)歷三十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)（1611年(nian)(nian)）廢除播(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)楊(yang)氏土司，以其(qi)地分設(she)遵義、平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)二(er)軍民府(fu)(fu)，平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)府(fu)(fu)與平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)戰(zhan)略地位重(zhong)要，控扼(e)(e)湘廣通往貴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、云南(nan)的(de)大驛道(dao)，將黔東八府(fu)(fu)與省會(hui)及貴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣慰司連接起來，又可(ke)溝通川、黔兩省，故設(she)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)后便(bian)建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池。平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坐落在(zai)(zai)群山環抱之(zhi)中(zhong)，“馬鬃嶺(ling)扼(e)(e)其(qi)喉襟，羊腸河(he)設(she)其(qi)險阻”，實為(wei)沖要之(zhi)地。初建時為(wei)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，洪武三十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)（1401年(nian)(nian)）改筑(zhu)石城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長一(yi)(yi)千四(si)百(bai)丈，折(zhe)合4666米(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)一(yi)(yi)丈二(er)尺(chi)，寬一(yi)(yi)丈五尺(chi)，呈正方(fang)形，有東、南(nan)、西(xi)、北四(si)門，上(shang)有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)4座(zuo)，串樓(lou)1540間(jian)，垛口840個(ge)。因城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內無水，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被圍時，人馬常被渴(ke)死。成(cheng)化年(nian)(nian)間(jian)，平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)指揮張能認為(wei)無水不利于(yu)防守，便(bian)在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)增設(she)小西(xi)門，將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻延伸至河(he)邊，筑(zhu)堰(yan)引水入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。萬(wan)歷三十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)（1603年(nian)(nian)），總兵安大朝、指揮奚國柱、知府(fu)(fu)楊(yang)右陶等(deng)計議，在(zai)(zai)其(qi)外增筑(zhu)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，將河(he)段(duan)包入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，形成(cheng)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，水城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)格(ge)局。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)，平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“崇閎雄麗，固(gu)若金湯，為(wei)貴東之(zhi)首(shou)”。

平越古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)上世(shi)紀60年代(dai)(dai)大都(dou)拆毀，只剩下幾座(zuo)券孔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)和一(yi)(yi)(yi)些斷(duan)(duan)垣殘壁，訴說歷史的(de)(de)(de)滄桑。唯有小西門(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至今猶存。站(zhan)在(zai)高山之巔俯瞰，內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)聳立在(zai)山間平地(di)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)(zhu)于山麓河(he)(he)畔，而外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)跨過河(he)(he)流(liu)、田野，里外(wai)(wai)(wai)三層構(gou)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)依山而筑(zhu)(zhu)，蜿蜒山間，氣勢雄偉(wei)，有百級石階可登上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭。這座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣最大的(de)(de)(de)特點，就是將河(he)(he)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段包入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，居民可到水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)汲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。為(wei)(wei)防備發(fa)生(sheng)戰事時水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源被截斷(duan)(duan)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)修建(jian)(jian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)長五(wu)十五(wu)丈的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)在(zai)兩(liang)處跨過河(he)(he)流(liu)，墻(qiang)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)兩(liang)座(zuo)三孔石橋之上，故被稱為(wei)(wei)“橋上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。為(wei)(wei)了(le)讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)夠流(liu)動，又便于防守，便在(zai)橋下設有鐵柵閘門(men)，實為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)座(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)關。出小西門(men)，有道(dao)(dao)路通往水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，因道(dao)(dao)路要穿過河(he)(he)道(dao)(dao)，在(zai)路下建(jian)(jian)有五(wu)個(ge)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)橋涵(han)，側邊建(jian)(jian)有吱啞作(zuo)聲的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)碾，頗有“小橋流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人家”的(de)(de)(de)風韻。這種城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣結構(gou)，是古代(dai)(dai)軍事防御體系的(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)作(zuo)，凝結著(zhu)中國古代(dai)(dai)科技與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術，在(zai)國內其(qi)他地(di)方不曾見(jian)過，其(qi)別(bie)具一(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge)，令古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)專家嘆為(wei)(wei)觀止(zhi)。2001年經(jing)國務院批準(zhun)，福泉古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)被列為(wei)(wei)全國重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位。

福(fu)(fu)泉(quan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)首(shou)創，顯示出貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧(hui)與創造精神(shen)。來(lai)到這里(li)，可以(yi)感受到城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)變遷，平越古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)由軍(jun)事據點演變為地方(fang)行政(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)心，如(ru)(ru)今變成(cheng)了一(yi)個(ge)以(yi)磷化工為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市。在福(fu)(fu)泉(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)，有一(yi)座(zuo)稱為“大(da)(da)(da)夫第”的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)古(gu)(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)四合院，占地400平方(fang)米，現(xian)辟為貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)博物(wu)館。這里(li)陳(chen)列著(zhu)兩百(bai)多(duo)幅照片(pian)，濃縮(suo)了貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)自明(ming)以(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)堡、營(ying)盤(pan)、碉樓(lou)、戰壕、關(guan)(guan)隘(ai)、烽火臺(tai)。貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)現(xian)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還有許多(duo)，如(ru)(ru)貴(gui)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)門(men)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和武勝(sheng)門(men)，明(ming)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)安州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、赤(chi)水古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、鎮寧州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，鎮遠有府城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和衛(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，還有畢節層臺(tai)衛(wei)、盤(pan)縣普安衛(wei)、晴隆(long)(long)安南衛(wei)等城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。土司城(cheng)(cheng)堡，最典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)遵義海(hai)龍屯和大(da)(da)(da)方(fang)“九層衙門(men)”遺址，此(ci)外有黃平巖門(men)司城(cheng)(cheng)和德江水特姜司城(cheng)(cheng)。營(ying)盤(pan)以(yi)松桃存留最多(duo)，清代在此(ci)設有48個(ge)營(ying)汛，構筑(zhu)營(ying)盤(pan)、屯堡、炮樓(lou)、碉卡逾(yu)千(qian)座(zuo)，形成(cheng)了一(yi)條條斷(duan)斷(duan)續續的(de)(de)(de)(de)“邊墻(qiang)”，現(xian)存480公里(li)，規模較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)堡有正大(da)(da)(da)營(ying)和盤(pan)石(shi)營(ying)。關(guan)(guan)隘(ai)頗多(duo)，著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)如(ru)(ru)黔北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)婁山關(guan)(guan)，黔中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)云關(guan)(guan)、雅關(guan)(guan)，晴隆(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)馬關(guan)(guan)等。由此(ci)可窺貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)明(ming)清時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)風貌(mao)，反映(ying)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)六百(bai)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)滄桑。