基本信息
石牌(pai)坊記載著小鎮(zhen)的悠悠往事(shi),更以其美(mei)觀(guan)的造型、精細的雕琢、巧(qiao)妙的結構聲名遠揚。
魯(lu)屯牌(pai)(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)原有(you)四座(zuo)(zuo),現存其三(san),均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四柱(zhu)(zhu)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)五樓(lou)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou)。位于魯(lu)屯街(jie)中(zhong)岔路口的黃氏坊(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精致(zhi)絕妙。此坊(fang)(fang)(fang)建于清道光年間(jian)(jian)(jian),高、寬均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7米(mi)(mi)(mi),鉚榫結(jie)構(gou),牢(lao)而(er)堅(jian)固。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)底為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)束腰須彌座(zuo)(zuo),四柱(zhu)(zhu)立(li)于須彌座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)。8根八棱方柱(zhu)(zhu),均(jun)用完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)的石(shi)(shi)料(liao)加工(gong)而(er)成。四柱(zhu)(zhu)各面均(jun)陰刻有(you)楹聯,文字(zi)對(dui)仗(zhang)工(gong)整(zheng)(zheng),書(shu)體楷隸兼有(you),刻藝細致(zhi)洗練,尤以明間(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)楷書(shu)題聯,堪稱對(dui)聯中(zhong)的佳作,上(shang)(shang)聯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):"白馬(ma)山高尉(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)竹箭松心節錯根盤光日月";下聯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):"青塘水凈濯出冰肌玉(yu)骨懷芳(fang)履潔被(bei)恩(en)蒙"。落款為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):"原任廣西永安知州(zhou)誥授奉直上(shang)(shang)大夫愚表叔王秉心拜題"。四柱(zhu)(zhu)護耳(er)均(jun)系(xi)伏(fu)獅抱(bao)鼓式(shi),耳(er)高1.42米(mi)(mi)(mi),鼓厚0.22米(mi)(mi)(mi),鼓面徑0.65米(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)別浮雕荷花(hua)、鐘鹿(lu)、松虎、鹿(lu)鶴等圖案18幅(fu),構(gou)圖新穎,想象豐富,造(zao)型生動栩栩如(ru)(ru)生。獅子系(xi)伏(fu)臥狀(zhuang),昂首翹(qiao)尾。護耳(er),蹬石(shi)(shi),浮雕四季花(hua)草,如(ru)(ru)見草動,如(ru)(ru)聞花(hua)香。正樓(lou)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)牌(pai)(pai)匾(bian)長2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)楷書(shu)陰刻:"志同(tong)冰質"字(zi),每字(zi)30公分(fen)見方。刻藝精湛(zhan),鋒勁秀雅。次樓(lou)牌(pai)(pai)匾(bian)左刻"金(jin)鸞(luan)芳(fang)美(mei)(mei)",右刻"彤管流芳(fang)",陰刻楷書(shu),工(gong)整(zheng)(zheng)建秀,刻藝嫻熟。明間(jian)(jian)(jian)橫梁上(shang)(shang)透雕二龍(long)戲珠(zhu),兩龍(long)似在(zai)翻(fan)卷的彩云(yun)中(zhong)騰躍穿梭(suo)。正樓(lou)平(ping)板坊(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)立(li)有(you)兩根高拱柱(zhu)(zhu),當(dang)中(zhong)豎匾(bian)刻"圣旨(zhi)"2字(zi),牌(pai)(pai)帶為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半透雕雙龍(long)抱(bao)柱(zhu)(zhu),牌(pai)(pai)首為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半透雕"獸面人首"圖,形似蝙蝠伏(fu)臥,雙手撐(cheng)蓮。構(gou)思之巧(qiao)(qiao),使人拍案叫絕。次樓(lou)平(ping)板坊(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)亦立(li)有(you)高拱柱(zhu)(zhu),此柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)中(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),嵌有(you)透雕"金(jin)蟾(chan)吐絲"形花(hua)窗(chuang)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)頂翼角起(qi)翹(qiao)、鴟吻含寶(bao),形似立(li)尾鰲魚含珠(zhu),使整(zheng)(zheng)座(zuo)(zuo)牌(pai)(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)和諧統(tong)一,雄渾敦(dun)厚。正脊中(zhong)寶(bao)瓶上(shang)(shang)雕有(you)壽字(zi)型花(hua)飾,說明此坊(fang)(fang)(fang)系(xi)百歲(sui)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)一類。整(zheng)(zheng)座(zuo)(zuo)牌(pai)(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)的造(zao)型、結(jie)構(gou)、工(gong)藝、圖案之巧(qiao)(qiao),充(chong)分(fen)體現了勞動人民的智慧和才能,實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一件精美(mei)(mei)的古(gu)建藝術珍(zhen)品。
兩(liang)座李氏(shi)坊,一前(qian)一后,緊(jin)緊(jin)相鄰,挺立在魯屯街(jie)口半月池側。規模、造型、格調與黃氏(shi)坊略同,唯題(ti)刻內容有(you)異(yi),前(qian)一座正(zheng)頂(ding)透(tou)雕"萬"字形圖案,后一座正(zheng)頂(ding)和黃氏(shi)坊雕飾(shi)相仿;二樓(lou)檐下的(de)花(hua)窗,一是(shi)透(tou)雕"二龍(long)舞云",一是(shi)透(tou)雕"丹風朝(chao)陽"。另花(hua)板紋樣(yang)及局部裝飾(shi)也(ye)稍有(you)差異(yi)。
建設年代
據民國(guo)《興(xing)義縣志(zhi)》稿載(zai):"武生李汝之母呂(lv)氏,善事舅姑。清嘉(jia)慶二年(nian)苗變(bian),舉(ju)家攻苗不(bu)(bu)克,舅姑失所在。事靖(jing)還家,朝夕(xi)尋覓,痛不(bu)(bu)欲生。夜夢人(ren)告知(zhi)所在,時得二親(qin)尸,舁(yu)以歸葬。道(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)十五,請(qing)旌建(jian)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)。呂(lv)氏守節70余(yu)年(nian),年(nian)百有二,子(zi)孫皆(jie)列繆癢。前興(xing)郡知(zhi)府(fu)仇效忠為題(ti)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)聯,李氏一(yi)(yi)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)當(dang)屬"貞節坊(fang)(fang)(fang)",李氏另一(yi)(yi)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)上有"壬午科舉(ju)人(ren)揀選(xuan)知(zhi)縣世愚(yu)侄高發(fa)奎頓(dun)拜"的楹(ying)聯落款。兩坊(fang)(fang)(fang)分別建(jian)于清道(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)二年(nian)(公(gong)元1822年(nian))和道(dao)(dao)光(guang)(guang)十五年(nian)(公(gong)元1835年(nian))。