鳳(feng)山(shan)關帝廟位(wei)于豐寧滿(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)縣鳳(feng)山(shan)鎮。始建清雍正(zheng)17年(nian)(1729年(nian)),后經乾隆、嘉慶(qing)兩(liang)代擴建,形成了正(zheng)殿、配殿、禪房、鐘鼓樓、牌樓等古建群。
關帝廟(miao),亦稱為“關圣寺”,與鳳(feng)山戲(xi)樓(lou)在同一中(zhong)軸線上,同為一組建筑群(qun)體。寺院南北長(chang)62米(mi),東(dong)西寬(kuan)27米(mi),占地1674平方米(mi)。
磚石木結構、條(tiao)石臺基、歇山(shan)券棚頂。建(jian)筑雄(xiong)渾壯偉,結構新穎,裝飾華麗,構思(si)奇妙,建(jian)筑技藝高超(chao),集(ji)書法、繪畫與建(jian)筑藝術為一體。鳳山(shan)關帝廟雖歷(li)經270多年滄(cang)海桑田的變遷和塞(sai)外大地的風風雨(yu)雨(yu),但(dan)在(zai)豐寧(ning)文保及相關部門(men)大力搶救維修下,依(yi)然巍然矗立(li),訴說(shuo)著的歷(li)史滄(cang)桑。鳳山(shan)關帝廟及戲樓古(gu)建(jian)筑群于1982年被列入河北(bei)省重點文物保護單位(wei)。
廟前有(you)一對石(shi)獅,左雌(ci)右雄,石(shi)獅兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)根高大旗(qi)桿,夾在(zai)石(shi)制(zhi)的旗(qi)桿座內。殿內兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)欄桿內分(fen)置泥塑(su)馬(ma)(ma)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)童,其高與真人等(deng)同。過馬(ma)(ma)殿兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)為廟的院(yuan)墻(qiang)。寺院(yuan)墻(qiang)與東(dong)西鐘樓、鼓樓相接。經(jing)過過馬(ma)(ma)殿即入寺院(yuan)。院(yuan)內青磚鋪地,中間甬路(lu)通往大殿和(he)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)配殿。甬路(lu)正中有(you)鼎(ding)式香爐一尊。東(dong)西兩(liang)(liang)廂各(ge)有(you)配殿和(he)僧房。
正殿臺基呈凸(tu)字形。條石臺基,用柱28根,前有抱廈三間(jian)。
正面主梁與副梁之間無枋額,每間分(fen)別用三組一斗交麻(ma)葉頭(tou),各麻(ma)葉頭(tou)中間均飾(shi)象鼻,每柱均有柱頭(tou)斗拱(gong)。
門額(e)鏤(lou)雕(diao)二云(yun)龍戲珠,東西間(jian)棱(leng)窗下(xia)各飾藩草雀替(ti)。臺基正中(zhong)有(you)(you)垂帶(dai)踏垛三級(ji)。抱(bao)廈后大殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)硬山玉帶(dai)脊,脊正中(zhong)裝飾鎏(liu)金寶頂(ding)一尊。整個殿(dian)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)黃綠兩色琉璃瓦。殿(dian)內門額(e)高懸巨幅額(e)匾,咸豐帝(di)御書“萬世人極”。殿(dian)內收(shou)藏匾額(e)近百方,均(jun)出自清(qing)末民初名人巨宦(huan)之(zhi)手(shou)。正殿(dian)供(gong)關(羽)公(gong)塑像,高5米,右(you)有(you)(you)周倉,左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)關平。
鳳山(shan)關帝(di)廟及戲樓(lou)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群規模雄渾(hun)壯(zhuang)偉(wei),結構新(xin)穎,裝飾華麗,技藝高超,構思(si)奇妙,集建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、雕刻、書法、繪畫為一體,是河北省(sheng)古代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)的精(jing)華,堪稱建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)技術(shu)上的精(jing)英(ying)之作。
自古就(jiu)有(you)很多關(guan)(guan)于關(guan)(guan)帝(di)廟以(yi)及關(guan)(guan)公的傳(chuan)說(shuo),關(guan)(guan)二爺的驍(xiao)勇(yong)善戰(zhan)、忠義在人們的心中留下了深(shen)刻(ke)的印(yin)象。采訪中,當地(di)的老鄉就(jiu)和(he)記(ji)者講(jiang)起(qi)了有(you)關(guan)(guan)關(guan)(guan)帝(di)廟的傳(chuan)奇故(gu)事。
傳說明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)末(mo)年(nian),有位王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)人(ren)(ren)精明(ming)能(neng)干,剛(gang)正(zheng)不(bu)阿(a),深得(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)上(shang)賞識。當(dang)時位列九(jiu)千歲(sui)的魏忠賢懷恨在(zai)心,老(lao)想(xiang)(xiang)著找機(ji)會除掉這眼中釘肉中刺。機(ji)會終于(yu)來了(le)(le),南方(fang)叛(pan)亂,叛(pan)軍連克數城,威脅京師,魏忠賢馬上(shang)舉(ju)薦位置高(gao)的王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)領兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)平叛(pan),皇(huang)帝(di)(di)立即準奏,封(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)平叛(pan)大(da)元帥(shuai),王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)嚇得(de)(de)(de)出(chu)了(le)(le)一(yi)身(shen)冷汗,文官啊(a),哪會領兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)布(bu)陣(zhen)呀(ya),不(bu)明(ming)擺(bai)著是(shi)害人(ren)(ren)嗎,不(bu)去吧,是(shi)抗旨,該(gai)殺(sha)(sha),去吧,就得(de)(de)(de)被(bei)叛(pan)軍所殺(sha)(sha),就是(shi)不(bu)被(bei)殺(sha)(sha),戰(zhan)敗(bai)回(hui)朝(chao)(chao)也(ye)得(de)(de)(de)被(bei)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)殺(sha)(sha)。無(wu)論如(ru)何(he)都是(shi)死,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)牙一(yi)咬,就去吧,反正(zheng)得(de)(de)(de)死,就死在(zai)戰(zhan)場吧,于(yu)是(shi)就帶(dai)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)到了(le)(le)南方(fang),立即接了(le)(le)叛(pan)軍下的戰(zhan)表,明(ming)日決戰(zhan)。當(dang)晚,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)擺(bai)香案(an)向北(bei)方(fang)跪拜(bai),想(xiang)(xiang)想(xiang)(xiang)自己十年(nian)寒窗(chuang),三榜(bang)高(gao)中,自入(ru)仕以(yi)來,兢兢業(ye)業(ye),為(wei)社稷為(wei)百(bai)姓,竟然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)落了(le)(le)這個(ge)下場,越想(xiang)(xiang)越傷心,竟然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)號啕大(da)哭:別了(le)(le)老(lao)父(fu)母,是(shi)兒(er)不(bu)孝。也(ye)不(bu)知過(guo)了(le)(le)多久,御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)恍惚間蒙(meng)蒙(meng)睡在(zai)香案(an)旁。突然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran),一(yi)位紅臉大(da)將(jiang)飄(piao)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)而至,胯下赤兔馬,丹鳳眼,臥蠶眉,濃黑的長須飄(piao)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)胸(xiong)前,喝曰(yue):“羽(yu)痛恨奸(jian)賊(zei),莫怕,保(bao)你功成(cheng),明(ming)日午(wu)時三刻點兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),可也(ye)。”言罷飄(piao)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)而去。王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)猛然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)驚醒,夢中情形歷歷在(zai)目,羽(yu)?難道(dao)是(shi)大(da)漢關(guan)羽(yu)托夢....?御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)信將(jiang)疑。第二天(tian)午(wu)時三刻兩陣(zhen)官兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)剛(gang)剛(gang)開戰(zhan),突然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran),晴(qing)天(tian)一(yi)聲霹雷,關(guan)公(gong)親(qin)率關(guan)平、周倉等天(tian)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)從天(tian)而降,只見關(guan)公(gong)的青龍大(da)刀舞(wu)若游龍,剎那間天(tian)昏(hun)地暗,人(ren)(ren)頭紛(fen)落,血流成(cheng)河,叛(pan)軍聞風喪膽,一(yi)炷(zhu)香的功夫(fu)叛(pan)軍全(quan)軍覆沒。于(yu)是(shi),王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)便得(de)(de)(de)勝回(hui)朝(chao)(chao),雖然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)魏忠賢百(bai)般阻(zu)撓(nao),皇(huang)帝(di)(di)還(huan)是(shi)嘉賞了(le)(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi),并官升一(yi)級。
王御史回府后的(de)第一(yi)件(jian)事就(jiu)是(shi)焚香祈(qi)求關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)再顯(xian)一(yi)次靈,以便(bian)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)建廟,永奉香火,來報答(da)再生之恩。當晚關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)還真(zhen)就(jiu)托夢給(gei)御史曰:“明(ming)晚子(zi)時(shi)相見。”御史立(li)即找來好的(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)師,讓他隱于屋(wu)內,從(cong)窗(chuang)靈縫(feng)里(li)觀看。第二天子(zi)時(shi),一(yi)聲霹靂,關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)果(guo)然顯(xian)了(le)(le)靈,而畫(hua)(hua)(hua)師卻多了(le)(le)個心眼(yan),只(zhi)用了(le)(le)一(yi)只(zhi)眼(yan)看關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),因為畫(hua)(hua)(hua)師知(zhi)道“關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)乃正(zheng)神,看了(le)(le)他要瞎(xia)眼(yan)的(de)”,第二天畫(hua)(hua)(hua)師果(guo)然就(jiu)瞎(xia)了(le)(le)一(yi)只(zhi)眼(yan),由于畫(hua)(hua)(hua)師只(zhi)用了(le)(le)一(yi)只(zhi)眼(yan)看關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),畫(hua)(hua)(hua)出像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)來就(jiu)當然只(zhi)有(you)七分(fen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),御史就(jiu)命人按這(zhe)七分(fen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)塑(su)了(le)(le)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)金身(shen)。就(jiu)是(shi)現在關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)帝(di)廟的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)形象。民間傳說:天下關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)帝(di)廟的(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)七分(fen)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),就(jiu)是(shi)這(zhe)個原由。
光緒十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1885年(nian)(nian)(nian)),曾頒(ban)發“與天地參”匾額懸掛在牌(pai)樓中央,它是長城以(yi)北(bei)較大的(de)廟院(yuan)。解(jie)放前,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)農歷(li)五月(yue)十(shi)三廟會,每次(ci)歷(li)時一個月(yue),全國各地的(de)商戶(hu)在此匯集(ji),成(cheng)為塞(sai)北(bei)的(de)盛事。
鳳山關帝廟(miao)歷經270多(duo)年風雨滄桑,殿樓嚴重(zhong)漏雨、歪(wai)斜,加之歷史人為因素(su),整個廟(miao)宇群(qun)遭(zao)受(shou)嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害,破敗不堪。
據了解,關帝廟維修(xiu)工(gong)程現(xian)已總投入資(zi)金35.5萬(wan)元(yuan),其中(zhong)該縣(xian)文體局投資(zi)9萬(wan)元(yuan)。經過8個(ge)月的施工(gong),搶修(xiu)了正(zheng)殿、配(pei)殿、鐘鼓二樓,復建了過馬殿、院墻,塑出關帝等雕像,矗立起旗桿,整(zheng)修(xiu)了院落,清除(chu)多年(nian)積淀的垃圾,使古(gu)廟群恢復了原貌,修(xiu)復一(yi)新(xin)的關帝廟將恢復廟會。