補(bu)要村(cun)遺址(zhi)位于臨城(cheng)縣(xian)東部(bu)臨城(cheng)鎮(zhen)補(bu)要村(cun)與(yu)村(cun)東南鎮(zhen)樓公路(lu)南北兩側的(de)農(nong)田(tian)中(zhong)。經(jing)初步調查勘探(tan),遺址(zhi)面積(ji)約6萬余(yu)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),文化堆積(ji)厚0.5米(mi)(mi)至(zhi)3.2米(mi)(mi)。經(jing)過發掘(jue)與(yu)整(zheng)理,發現(xian)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)的(de)灰坑300余(yu)座,墓葬37座,房屋4座,灰溝19條,窯址(zhi)5座,地面青(qing)銅(tong)冶鑄基(ji)址(zhi)1處。經(jing)初步整(zheng)理,已復原各(ge)(ge)個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)陶瓷器(qi)200多件(jian),石、骨(gu)、木、角、蚌器(qi)及青(qing)銅(tong)小件(jian)逾(yu)千件(jian)。2013年5月,被國務院公布(bu)為(wei)第七批全國重點文物保護單位。
2013年5月3日,國家文物局公(gong)布第七批全(quan)國重點文物保護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei)名單(dan),邢臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)國重點文物保護(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei)總數達到(dao)21處,位(wei)居全(quan)省前(qian)列。邢臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)增10處:臨城(cheng)縣補要村遺址、隆堯縣柏人城(cheng)遺址、襄都(dou)區鹿城(cheng)崗、南宮市(shi)(shi)(shi)后底閣遺址、臨西縣臨清古城(cheng)遺址、襄都(dou)區南賈鄉(xiang)石塔(ta)、平鄉(xiang)縣文廟大成殿(dian)、南宮市(shi)(shi)(shi)普彤塔(ta)、邢臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)天寧寺前(qian)殿(dian)、邢臺道德經幢。
第一期(qi):仰韶時期(qi)。集(ji)中(zhong)分(fen)布在發掘區北部(bu),發現窖穴與(yu)灰坑(keng)約60座(zuo),房基1座(zuo),陶(tao)窯3座(zuo),灰溝6條。房基僅殘存底(di)部(bu),為(wei)半地穴式建筑。灰坑(keng)有(you)(you)(you)圓形(xing)、橢圓形(xing)、不(bu)規則形(xing),多數深約1米。出土(tu)遺物主要為(wei)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鹿角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)夾(jia)砂陶(tao)多于(yu)泥質陶(tao),有(you)(you)(you)灰陶(tao)、褐(he)陶(tao)、紅(hong)(hong)陶(tao)等(deng),夾(jia)砂陶(tao)大多陶(tao)色(se)不(bu)夠(gou)純(chun)正。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以素面為(wei)主,紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)附(fu)加堆紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、籃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、弦(xian)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、劃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、旋紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、壓印(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、戳印(yin)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、指甲紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、箍帶(dai)(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)。部(bu)分(fen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)腹部(bu)裝飾(shi)雞冠耳(er)、柱(zhu)狀耳(er)、帶(dai)(dai)狀耳(er)或(huo)(huo)鋬耳(er),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)部(bu)壓印(yin)花邊(bian)。彩(cai)陶(tao)數量(liang)較多,一般飾(shi)以紅(hong)(hong)褐(he)或(huo)(huo)黃褐(he)色(se)陶(tao)衣,有(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)(hong)彩(cai)、紫褐(he)色(se)彩(cai)及少(shao)量(liang)黑彩(cai),紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)樣有(you)(you)(you)弧邊(bian)三角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、斜(xie)線紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、豎線紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、水(shui)波紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、水(shui)滴紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、網(wang)格(ge)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、吊環紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)。夾(jia)砂陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以小(xiao)口(kou)(kou)(kou)罐(guan)、甑為(wei)常見(jian),二者(zhe)組合配套作炊器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)用。其中(zhong)甑往往在腹部(bu)加裝2個至4個柱(zhu)狀耳(er)或(huo)(huo)雞冠耳(er)、鋬耳(er)。夾(jia)砂陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還有(you)(you)(you)箍帶(dai)(dai)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)小(xiao)口(kou)(kou)(kou)高領甕、罐(guan)、器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蓋、筒形(xing)杯、直口(kou)(kou)(kou)折沿小(xiao)罐(guan)、小(xiao)平(ping)底(di)碗(wan)等(deng)。泥質陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)口(kou)(kou)(kou)高領壺、折腹盆、盆、罐(guan)、缽、碗(wan)等(deng)。石器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)大型石鏟(chan)、斧、鑿、錛、紡輪等(deng),石環數量(liang)較多。鹿角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)錐。骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)骨耒。蚌器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以蚌鐮和(he)穿孔(kong)蚌刀較為(wei)常見(jian)。水(shui)生動(dong)物遺骸以各(ge)類(lei)貝(bei)殼為(wei)多。上述(shu)文化遺存和(he)分(fen)布于(yu)豫北冀南地區的(de)(de)(de)大司空(kong)類(lei)型面貌有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)似之處(chu)但又(you)有(you)(you)(you)較明顯的(de)(de)(de)差異,或(huo)(huo)屬(shu)與(yu)大司空(kong)類(lei)型同時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一個仰韶文化地方類(lei)型。
第二(er)期(qi):先商時期(qi)。集中分布(bu)在發(fa)掘區(qu)南部,發(fa)現窖穴與灰坑(keng)近(jin)(jin)20座,房址1處。F3為近(jin)(jin)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)的(de)半地(di)(di)穴式建筑,墻(qiang)壁及地(di)(di)面加工(gong)良好。灰坑(keng)以(yi)圓形(xing)坑(keng)為常(chang)見,另(ling)(ling)有(you)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)和(he)不(bu)規則(ze)形(xing)。出(chu)土遺(yi)物主(zhu)要為陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中夾砂陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)略(lve)多(duo)于(yu)泥質陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),有(you)灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)、褐陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)和(he)黑褐陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制作較精致。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中素(su)面陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)比(bi)例(li)不(bu)高,陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)磨光較為發(fa)達。紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾有(you)繩(sheng)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、線紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、壓印紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、旋(xuan)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、弦紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、籃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、戳(chuo)印紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、楔形(xing)點紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、三角(jiao)劃紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)(deng)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)平(ping)底器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)占(zhan)絕大多(duo)數,三足器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次之,有(you)極少量(liang)的(de)圈足器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。近(jin)(jin)半數平(ping)底器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)底飾有(you)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)有(you)鬲、甗、鼎、豆、橄(gan)欖罐(guan)(guan)、深腹罐(guan)(guan)、折腹罐(guan)(guan)、小口(kou)甕(weng)、平(ping)口(kou)甕(weng)、鼓腹甕(weng)、圈足蛋形(xing)甕(weng)、盂、大敞口(kou)平(ping)底盆(pen)、深腹盆(pen)、尊、盤(pan)形(xing)豆、碗(wan)形(xing)豆、斝、器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蓋等(deng)(deng)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)組合較為固定。石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)石(shi)鐮為常(chang)見,另(ling)(ling)有(you)鏟、穿孔石(shi)刀、有(you)肩石(shi)鏟、斧(fu)等(deng)(deng)。玉器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)玉璧(bi)1件。角(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為鹿角(jiao)錐。文(wen)化面貌(mao)受東方(fang)岳石(shi)文(wen)化和(he)冀(ji)北地(di)(di)區(qu)同時期(qi)文(wen)化影響(xiang)明顯,與已(yi)發(fa)現的(de)先商文(wen)化遺(yi)存(cun)相比(bi),有(you)自己獨有(you)的(de)特色。
第三期(qi):晚商(shang)時(shi)期(qi)。遍布整個遺址發(fa)掘區,發(fa)現窖穴(xue)與(yu)灰坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)200余(yu)座,灰溝2條,墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)16座,陶(tao)窯(yao)3座,冶鑄地(di)面(mian)遺跡(ji)1處,祭(ji)祀坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)及(ji)“燎(liao)祭(ji)”場(chang)所8處。灰坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)以(yi)圓(yuan)形(xing)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)為(wei)常見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),另有(you)(you)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)及(ji)不(bu)規則灰坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng),坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)壁一(yi)般加工較(jiao)好(hao),部分灰坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)略有(you)(you)袋(dai)狀。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)形(xing)制有(you)(you)豎穴(xue)土(tu)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)墓(mu)(mu)和(he)(he)甕(weng)(weng)棺葬(zang)(zang)。豎穴(xue)土(tu)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)不(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)腰坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)及(ji)殉狗。甕(weng)(weng)棺葬(zang)(zang)大多數有(you)(you)較(jiao)淺的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)壙,葬(zang)(zang)具以(yi)甕(weng)(weng)和(he)(he)鬲為(wei)常見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。陶(tao)窯(yao)皆為(wei)升焰窯(yao)。冶鑄地(di)面(mian)遺跡(ji)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)密集的(de)(de)炭渣與(yu)燒(shao)土(tu),地(di)面(mian)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)燒(shao)流痕跡(ji),地(di)面(mian)踩踏痕跡(ji)較(jiao)明(ming)顯,散見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陶(tao)范、坩鍋及(ji)破碎銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)碎片與(yu)卜骨。祭(ji)祀坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)分人(ren)祭(ji)和(he)(he)牲祭(ji),用牲為(wei)牛、豬和(he)(he)狗。出土(tu)遺物以(yi)陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)大宗(zong),常見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物為(wei)鬲、鼎、盆(pen)、豆、假腹豆、罐、簋、甕(weng)(weng)、斂(lian)口缽等(deng)(deng)(deng),另有(you)(you)少量(liang)的(de)(de)觚、爵、卣、壺等(deng)(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei)。石器(qi)(qi)(qi)常見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)斧、鐮、鏟、刀、鑿等(deng)(deng)(deng)。骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)耒、耜、錐(zhui)、笄、針等(deng)(deng)(deng)。銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鏃和(he)(he)破碎的(de)(de)鼎、簋口沿。卜骨與(yu)卜甲(jia)較(jiao)為(wei)多見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。發(fa)現的(de)(de)人(ren)祭(ji)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、鑄銅(tong)陶(tao)范、原始瓷等(deng)(deng)(deng)說明(ming)補要(yao)村遺址在晚商(shang)時(shi)期(qi)是一(yi)處等(deng)(deng)(deng)級(ji)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)遺址。
第四期:東(dong)周至秦(qin)漢(han)時期。發現石(shi)砌墻(qiang)基的(de)房(fang)屋2座,建(jian)筑過(guo)程(cheng)為(wei)先挖掘方形基坑,以(yi)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘砌墻(qiang)基,之(zhi)后墊(dian)土形成房(fang)屋地(di)面。房(fang)屋中出土戰國至漢(han)代(dai)常見的(de)甕、甑、盆(pen)等陶器碎片及瓦(wa)片。
第五期:唐(tang)宋時期。主(zhu)要遺(yi)跡為(wei)灰(hui)溝(gou)與(yu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)。發現灰(hui)溝(gou)10條,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)21座。灰(hui)溝(gou)多為(wei)東西走(zou)向,應當與(yu)農田灌(guan)溉排(pai)水有(you)關。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)多為(wei)土(tu)洞墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。土(tu)洞墓(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)豎(shu)穴墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道,部分墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)以磚壘砌墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室。多為(wei)2人至3人合(he)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),葬(zang)(zang)(zang)式不規(gui)則。隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)器物有(you)瓷碗(wan)、盤、雙系罐、三足爐、三彩爐、陶(tao)罐、甕、塔式罐、銅鏡、銅帶(dai)扣(kou)、帶(dai)銙、錢幣、鐵釵、鐵剪、瑪瑙珠、陶(tao)珠等(deng)。在多座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)中(zhong)發現有(you)穿(chuan)孔(kong)的磚或(huo)石(shi)塊隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang),可能(neng)與(yu)某種(zhong)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)俗信(xin)仰有(you)關。
河北省中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南部除武安(an)趙窯、磁縣界段(duan)營、下潘汪(wang)、邯鄲百(bai)家村(cun)等遺(yi)址以外,堆積(ji)豐富、地(di)(di)層序列完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純粹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仰韶(shao)(shao)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)(cun),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部地(di)(di)區眾多遺(yi)址中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)僅有零星單(dan)位甚至僅發(fa)(fa)現(xian)零星的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仰韶(shao)(shao)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)陶片。冀(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)區仰韶(shao)(shao)晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)因缺(que)乏系統材(cai)料(liao)而被籠統地(di)(di)歸入仰韶(shao)(shao)文化大司空類型。補要村(cun)遺(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)提(ti)示研究者應重新審視河北中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仰韶(shao)(shao)文化晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)(cun),冀(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)區應是一個存(cun)(cun)(cun)在較為(wei)(wei)特殊地(di)(di)方特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區域。補要村(cun)遺(yi)址所發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)商時期(qi)(qi)(qi)遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)(cun)與先(xian)(xian)商文化下七垣類型十分(fen)接(jie)近(jin),但又存(cun)(cun)(cun)在自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,陶器組合與已經發(fa)(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)略有差異,這或許為(wei)(wei)探索文獻所記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商先(xian)(xian)公所居“砥石(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)望與冀(ji)南西部太行山(shan)東(dong)麓地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)商時期(qi)(qi)(qi)考(kao)古學文化提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線索。補要村(cun)遺(yi)址唐(tang)宋(song)墓(mu)葬(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)掘為(wei)(wei)冀(ji)南地(di)(di)區晚唐(tang)、五代至宋(song)金時期(qi)(qi)(qi)瓷器制(zhi)作工藝、產(chan)品流通、器物形態演變及葬(zang)俗信仰活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)。
仰韶文(wen)化時(shi)(shi)期(qi)至夏代(dai)(dai)是中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)文(wen)明孕育、誕生(sheng)和(he)初步(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的關鍵時(shi)(shi)期(qi),河(he)北省(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)南部地區又是當(dang)時(shi)(shi)文(wen)明產生(sheng)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的中(zhong)(zhong)心之一。補要村遺(yi)址仰韶文(wen)化時(shi)(shi)期(qi)至夏代(dai)(dai)文(wen)化遺(yi)存豐富(fu)、系(xi)統,獨(du)具特(te)色,是此次發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)收獲的重(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)之重(zhong)。這些材料的發(fa)(fa)現與進一步(bu)整(zheng)理,將有(you)力地促進中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)文(wen)明起源(yuan)的研(yan)究和(he)夏商(shang)文(wen)化的研(yan)究。
公路(lu)切割遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)形成了3-5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)斷崖(ya)。遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于路(lu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)部分(fen)東至補要村(cun)內(nei)土路(lu),西(xi)(xi)界(jie)以(yi)村(cun)中生產橋為界(jie),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)端至村(cun)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)小河,東西(xi)(xi)長約(yue)(yue)250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬約(yue)(yue)90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。位(wei)于南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)水北(bei)調(diao)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)內(nei)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)8000平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。路(lu)北(bei)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)直線(xian)距離(li)超過200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)(xi)約(yue)(yue)250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)水北(bei)調(diao)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)內(nei)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)28000平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其中遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)堆積(ji)(ji)(ji)較豐富的(de)部分(fen)位(wei)于路(lu)北(bei)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)側,大部分(fen)位(wei)于干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)渠(qu)道內(nei)。經(jing)初步調(diao)查勘探,遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)(yue)6萬余平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),文化堆積(ji)(ji)(ji)厚(hou)0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)至3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。經(jing)過發掘與整理(li),發現各(ge)個時(shi)期(qi)的(de)灰(hui)坑300余座(zuo),墓葬37座(zuo),房屋4座(zuo),灰(hui)溝19條,窯址(zhi)(zhi)5座(zuo),地面青(qing)銅冶鑄(zhu)基址(zhi)(zhi)1處。經(jing)初步整理(li),已復(fu)原各(ge)個時(shi)期(qi)陶瓷(ci)器200多(duo)件,石(shi)、骨、木(mu)、角、蚌器及青(qing)銅小件逾千件。
臨城縣文物局(ju)文保所張所長則認(ren)為補要村還有(you)下(xia)述幾(ji)大(da)發(fa)現:首先是甲骨,其次是祭祀坑,還有(you)唐(tang)(tang)墓,“里面出土了唐(tang)(tang)三彩”。
王教授認(ren)為(wei),按照學術界(jie)較(jiao)為(wei)公認(ren)的(de)(de)觀點(dian),商代(dai)之“邢”雖(sui)不在(zai)(zai)臨城境內,但(dan)補要(yao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址豐富的(de)(de)早(zao)商晚(wan)期(qi)、晚(wan)商時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存(cun)卻(que)可以為(wei)我們(men)深(shen)入了解(jie)商代(dai)中晚(wan)期(qi)王畿(ji)周邊地(di)區的(de)(de)政治形態與社會(hui)生(sheng)活提供(gong)了新的(de)(de)材料與視(shi)角(jiao)。同時(shi)(shi),對(dui)于(yu)仰韶(shao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存(cun),河北省除少量遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址外堆(dui)積豐富、地(di)層序列完整的(de)(de)純粹的(de)(de)仰韶(shao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存(cun),在(zai)(zai)眾多(duo)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址中僅(jin)有零星單位甚至僅(jin)發現(xian)零星的(de)(de)仰韶(shao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)陶片。在(zai)(zai)仰韶(shao)文化(hua)的(de)(de)大時(shi)(shi)代(dai)背景之下,冀(ji)中、冀(ji)南地(di)區同時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)文化(hua)面貌如(ru)何(he),一(yi)直是困擾(rao)學術界(jie)的(de)(de)重大課題(ti)。補要(yao)村遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址仰韶(shao)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存(cun)的(de)(de)發現(xian)為(wei)探(tan)索這(zhe)一(yi)問題(ti)提供(gong)了新的(de)(de)線(xian)索。