概況
坐(zuo)落于(yu)(yu)邢臺(tai)市隆(long)(long)堯縣(xian)城正南6公(gong)(gong)里的的大(da)唐(tang)(tang)帝(di)(di)陵,是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)李(li)(li)淵(yuan)(yuan)上四(si)(si)代(dai)祖(zu)(zu)宣皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)李(li)(li)熙的“建(jian)初陵”和(he)上三(san)代(dai)祖(zu)(zu)光皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)李(li)(li)天(tian)賜(si)的“啟運陵”,二陵共(gong)塋(ying),合稱“大(da)唐(tang)(tang)帝(di)(di)陵”,唐(tang)(tang)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)時始建(jian)。當時,李(li)(li)淵(yuan)(yuan)的爺(ye)爺(ye)李(li)(li)虎官(guan)至(zhi)太尉,并輔佐宇文泰建(jian)立(li)了(le)北周(zhou)政(zheng)權,成(cheng)為(wei)開國功臣。他(ta)死(si)后,北周(zhou)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)追(zhui)錄其功,以其故里是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)堯之鄉追(zhui)封為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)國公(gong)(gong)。李(li)(li)淵(yuan)(yuan)出生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)長安(今西安),祖(zu)(zu)籍在(zai)邢臺(tai)。后來,從太原起家的李(li)(li)淵(yuan)(yuan)打敗了(le)所有對手(shou)并廢掉隋恭帝(di)(di)楊侑,建(jian)立(li)唐(tang)(tang)王(wang)朝(chao)定都長安,李(li)(li)淵(yuan)(yuan)即為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)。他(ta)建(jian)立(li)唐(tang)(tang)朝(chao)后,舉行了(le)隆(long)(long)重的追(zhui)封祖(zu)(zu)先儀(yi)式,共(gong)追(zhui)封了(le)四(si)(si)世祖(zu)(zu)先,即:四(si)(si)代(dai)祖(zu)(zu)李(li)(li)熙為(wei)宣簡公(gong)(gong),三(san)代(dai)祖(zu)(zu)李(li)(li)天(tian)賜(si)為(wei)懿王(wang),二代(dai)祖(zu)(zu)李(li)(li)虎為(wei)景皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di),一(yi)代(dai)祖(zu)(zu)李(li)(li)昞為(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di),確立(li)埋葬于(yu)(yu)魏莊鎮(zhen)的李(li)(li)熙和(he)李(li)(li)天(tian)賜(si)為(wei)李(li)(li)唐(tang)(tang)始祖(zu)(zu)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)646年,唐(tang)(tang)太宗下詔修建(jian)祖(zu)(zu)陵,歷18年,至(zhi)高(gao)(gao)宗麟(lin)德元(yuan)(yuan)年完成(cheng)。
唐(tang)祖陵(ling)(ling)位于(yu)河北(bei)隆(long)(long)堯縣城(cheng)正(zheng)南6公(gong)里(li)的魏莊鎮王尹村北(bei)200米(mi)(mi)處。在隆(long)(long)堯唐(tang)祖陵(ling)(ling)東500米(mi)(mi)處,建(jian)有唐(tang)祖陵(ling)(ling)附屬建(jian)筑(zhu)光業(ye)寺(si)(si),寺(si)(si)內(nei)曾建(jian)有三(san)大(da)寶殿及鐘鼓樓(lou)、寶塔、珠臺、仙(xian)館(guan)、碑(bei)林等(deng),現僅(jin)存寺(si)(si)中(zhong)“大(da)唐(tang)帝陵(ling)(ling)光業(ye)寺(si)(si)大(da)佛(fo)堂之碑(bei)”一通(tong),高4.3米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1.1米(mi)(mi),刻立于(yu)唐(tang)開元十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(725年(nian)),碑(bei)文近(jin)3000字,象城(cheng)縣尉楊(yang)晉(jin)撰(zhuan)文,詳細(xi)記載了(le)李(li)唐(tang)二祖的生平、追封及建(jian)陵(ling)(ling)建(jian)寺(si)(si)的史(shi)實。2006年(nian)5月,隆(long)(long)堯唐(tang)祖陵(ling)(ling)被列(lie)為第六批全國重點文物保護(hu)單位。
建初陵(ling)(ling)所處(chu)地(di)(di)勢為東(dong)、西(xi)、北三面(mian)較高,南(nan)(nan)面(mian)較低。盛唐(tang)石(shi)雕均在中間洼地(di)(di)。墓(mu)葬于北面(mian)高地(di)(di),呈南(nan)(nan)北向。墓(mu)前(qian),四翁(weng)仲(zhong)兩(liang)邊分列(lie)。其南(nan)(nan),兩(liang)旁墩立欲吼石(shi)獅。再南(nan)(nan),六匹石(shi)馬兩(liang)廂并列(lie),每(mei)馬左側(ce)站有馬夫一人(ren)。最南(nan)(nan),二石(shi)華表(biao)東(dong)西(xi)相對。遙望唐(tang)陵(ling)(ling)遺址,昔日氣勢雄(xiong)偉、巍(wei)(wei)巍(wei)(wei)壯(zhuang)觀之氣勢猶(you)存(cun)。建初陵(ling)(ling)經歷(li)了1300多年的滄桑之變,如今不僅封土已平,而且整個陵(ling)(ling)區由于長(chang)期用土,形成(cheng)一片低于周圍1—2米(mi)的洼地(di)(di)。直到1984年,在地(di)(di)表(biao)下1.5米(mi)處(chu)發現大型磚墓(mu)室券形墓(mu)頂,方知陵(ling)(ling)墓(mu)位置。
建初陵(ling)石刻是(shi)河北省(sheng)唯(wei)一一套初唐皇家陵(ling)墓雕,與陜西(xi)關中(zhong)(zhong)唐諸(zhu)帝(di)陵(ling)、河南恭陵(ling)的(de)(de)同類雕刻遙(yao)相媲(pi)比,它既是(shi)重要的(de)(de)歷史文物,又是(shi)不(bu)可多得(de)的(de)(de)藝(yi)術精品(pin),是(shi)唐陵(ling)諸(zhu)多石刻中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)上精品(pin)。因此(ci),曾使(shi)那些居(ju)心叵測的(de)(de)文化侵(qin)略者(zhe)垂涎。抗(kang)日戰爭前(qian),日本古(gu)玩商人曾用兩千元巨款,買通(tong)該村村長(chang),將(jiang)(jiang)這兩尊石獅盜運到(dao)內(nei)邱(qiu),企圖裝上火車運走。當地群眾聞(wen)訊此(ci)事,怒(nu)不(bu)可遏,火速趕至(zhi)內(nei)邱(qiu),追回石獅。當時隆(long)平縣政(zheng)府(fu)將(jiang)(jiang)石獅移(yi)至(zhi)城內(nei),置于原隆(long)平縣政(zheng)府(fu)院內(nei),現(xian)已移(yi)交縣文物保(bao)管所(suo)保(bao)存(cun)。
歷史
646年(nian)(nian)(貞觀二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)),唐太宗(zong)(zong)多次派遣(qian)使臣左(zuo)驍衛(wei)(wei)府長史(shi)長孫無忌與邢(xing)州刺史(shi)李寬、趙州刺史(shi)杜(du)敖等(deng)“檢謁(ye)塋域(yu),畫圖(tu)進上(shang)”,著手規劃修建(jian)(jian)祖陵(ling)。664年(nian)(nian),祖陵(ling)修建(jian)(jian)完(wan)工,歷時(shi)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)。唐高宗(zong)(zong)特(te)敕二祖陵(ling)墓“各宜(yi)配守衛(wei)(wei)戶三(san)十(shi)人”,并詔(zhao)令(ling)州縣官員(yuan)代表(biao)皇帝每年(nian)(nian)巡祭祖陵(ling)。677年(nian)(nian),詔(zhao)令(ling)追(zhui)封二祖為宣皇帝、光皇帝。開元十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(724年(nian)(nian))唐玄宗(zong)(zong)派趙州刺史(shi)、上(shang)柱(zhu)國田再思,象(xiang)城(cheng)縣令(ling)宗(zong)(zong)文素率(lv)象(xiang)城(cheng)、柏人、任(ren)澤區三(san)縣民眾維修、擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)唐祖陵(ling)附(fu)屬建(jian)(jian)筑光業(ye)寺(si),725年(nian)(nian)完(wan)工后,刻立《光業(ye)寺(si)碑》。