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柏人城遺址

該(gai)(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)鄰泜河(he)，三(san)面環(huan)崗(正南(nan)(nan)(nan)1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)木花崗，東南(nan)(nan)(nan)1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)光泰崗，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)馬棚(peng)崗)，依山傍水，地(di)(di)勢險(xian)要(yao)，向為(wei)(wei)(wei)歷(li)代兵家(jia)必爭之地(di)(di)。各(ge)崗上密布戰國、漢代古(gu)墓數千座。該(gai)(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)近(jin)方形，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)斜角。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全長共8017米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)：其中東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)2225米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)1915米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)1451米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)2426米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占地(di)(di)面積4平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。東西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的南(nan)(nan)(nan)半部及南(nan)(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)除部分地(di)(di)段(duan)有(you)不(bu)同程度的破壞外，大部分輪廓清晰(xi)，保存完好，占總城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的五(wu)分之三(san)，目前(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)平均殘高2—6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)，高處7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，基寬16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，夯土(tu)筑(zhu)就。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯土(tu)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)10厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)，每(mei)高60厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)鋪有(you)一層(ceng)栣木，栣木間距為(wei)(wei)(wei)30至60厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)，其作用相(xiang)當于現代建筑(zhu)的鋼筋。該(gai)(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共九門(men)：東、西(xi)各(ge)三(san)門(men)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)二門(men)，北(bei)(bei)一門(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)寬約16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)距城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，河(he)寬18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中心宮殿建筑(zhu)區在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內中北(bei)(bei)部，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東西(xi)長1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占地(di)(di)面積42萬平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。柏人城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址是(shi)我國保存較好的古(gu)代大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池之一。

古文記載

據(ju)舊志記載(zai)：“春秋周襄(xiang)王(wang)17年，衛(wei)(wei)侯毀滅邢、并于衛(wei)(wei)，遂屬(shu)衛(wei)(wei)。28年晉文(wen)公伐衛(wei)(wei)取邢，又(you)(you)屬(shu)晉邑(yi)，乃為柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)。”由此，柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)城似晉文(wen)公時(shi)所建(jian)(jian)。到(dao)戰(zhan)國(guo)，趙王(wang)遷元年又(you)(you)予以重修。該城歷史(shi)久遠，相(xiang)傳此地(di)是帝堯建(jian)(jian)都的地(di)方，在后來(lai)的一(yi)些史(shi)籍上曾(ceng)說它是“柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)城，堯之(zhi)都也”。據(ju)北齊《顏氏家訓》記載(zai)，在柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)城西門內有一(yi)漢桓帝時(shi)柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)縣民為縣令徐(xu)整(zheng)碑(bei)，石碑(bei)上銘文(wen)曰：“山有巏嵍，王(wang)喬(qiao)所仙。”《全唐詩話》中還(huan)有馬郁贈給韓(han)定辭的一(yi)首(shou)詩：“邃林芳草綿綿思，盡日(ri)相(xiang)攜陟(zhi)麗譙。別后宣務(wu)山上望，羨(xian)君時(shi)復見王(wang)喬(qiao)。”可見這(zhe)里是傳說中的柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)令王(wang)子(zi)喬(qiao)駕鶴(he)升天之(zhi)地(di)。

據(ju)隆堯(yao)縣(xian)1999年修訂出(chu)版(ban)的《唐(tang)山(shan)縣(xian)志》（注：金太宗完顏晟時期，隆堯(yao)稱唐(tang)山(shan)）記(ji)(ji)：《帝(di)王(wang)世紀》、《城(cheng)冢記(ji)(ji)》、《大(da)明一(yi)統志》皆云：“柏(bo)(bo)仁（人(ren)）城(cheng)，堯(yao)封唐(tang)侯(hou)所都之(zhi)地”，《唐(tang)山(shan)縣(xian)志》記(ji)(ji)柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)城(cheng)：“春(chun)秋襄王(wang)十七年，紀侯(hou)毀于邢，并于紀，遂屬紀。”“二十八年晉文公伐紀取邢，又(you)屬晉邑，乃為柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)。”

價值

柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城周圍崗(gang)上遍布戰(zhan)國及漢(han)代(dai)古墓，該城歷(li)年(nian)出(chu)土遺物(wu)有(you)陶器(qi)、瓷(ci)器(qi)、金屬器(qi)等，代(dai)表(biao)器(qi)物(wu)有(you)該城在戰(zhan)國時期所鑄“白人(ren)(ren)(ren)”刀幣和刻有(you)“柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”的銘文戈。當時趙(zhao)國只(zhi)有(you)邯(han)鄲和柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)兩地鑄造錢(qian)幣，足見當時柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城歷(li)史地位之(zhi)重要。

概述

柏人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)由夯土建筑，北鄰泜（zhī）水，三面環崗(gang)，依(yi)山傍(bang)水，形勢險要(yao)，向(xiang)來為歷代(dai)兵家所看重(zhong)。邢(xing)臺通(tong)史上(shang)“邢(xing)地(di)春秋古(gu)城(cheng)遺(yi)址”一節(jie)，記載了“柏人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)系晉文公時(shi)(shi)初建”。戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期，柏人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)已發展(zhan)成為北方(fang)(fang)趙(zhao)(zhao)國的(de)(de)(de)一個比(bi)較繁榮(rong)昌(chang)盛的(de)(de)(de)軍事重(zhong)鎮，那時(shi)(shi)候人(ren)(ren)口(kou)聚居，經濟(ji)得到大(da)發展(zhan)。這(zhe)里(li)遺(yi)有(you)商周時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)陶窯(yao)和(he)大(da)量陶器(qi)，城(cheng)四(si)周有(you)眾多戰(zhan)國及漢代(dai)古(gu)墓，從墓葬中(zhong)曾經挖掘(jue)出不少陶罐銅鏡，銅帶(dai)勾、青銅劍(jian)、鐵劍(jian)以及戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)錯金銅帶(dai)勾玉璧、瑪瑙(nao)飾件(jian)等(deng)。近年，在柏人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)址還發現了戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)流行的(de)(de)(de)銅質(zhi)“刀幣”，刀幣上(shang)鑄有(you)“白（通(tong)柏）人(ren)(ren)”字樣。據專(zhuan)家考證，當時(shi)(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)國只有(you)邯(han)鄲和(he)柏人(ren)(ren)兩個地(di)方(fang)(fang)鑄銅錢。這(zhe)是戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)柏人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)經濟(ji)繁榮(rong)、商業(ye)發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)標志。

戰爭

古柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)一帶(dai)，歷史上曾(ceng)(ceng)發(fa)生過數次戰(zhan)爭。據史料記載：公(gong)元前(qian)491年(nian)(nian)，晉(jin)卿趙氏與(yu)中行氏、范氏等發(fa)生內戰(zhan)，中行文子曾(ceng)(ceng)逃至柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，趙簡子遂圍柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。漢高祖8年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元前(qian)199年(nian)(nian)），劉(liu)邦過柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，怕被(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)行刺，未留宿西去，使趙相(xiang)貫高等人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)陰謀未能得逞(cheng)。公(gong)元24年(nian)(nian)，后漢光武(wu)帝(di)劉(liu)秀(xiu)創業時(shi)，曾(ceng)(ceng)在柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)外大敗(bai)王郎(lang)大獎李育。柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)成為漢武(wu)帝(di)在河北一帶(dai)的(de)重要軍(jun)事堡(bao)壘。西晉(jin)末年(nian)(nian)，羯族（匈奴(nu)的(de)一個分支(zhi)）人(ren)(ren)(ren)石勒率(lv)兵襲晉(jin)將王浚(jun)占(zhan)領柏(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)，大破晉(jin)軍(jun)。此役為爾后石勒在古襄(xiang)國（邢(xing)臺市）稱帝(di)奠定(ding)了基礎。

歷史

西漢時柏人(ren)城(cheng)為(wei)縣級行政(zheng)首府，北(bei)魏時曾易名“柏仁”城(cheng)。唐天寶(bao)元(yuan)年（742年），因遭(zao)水患，城(cheng)被水淹，縣治東遷堯(yao)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)，遂更(geng)名為(wei)堯(yao)山縣，歷(li)時948年的(de)古柏仁城(cheng)廢，始(shi)稱亦城(cheng)。時隔千余載，古柏城(cheng)雖廢，但它的(de)遺(yi)跡(ji)猶存，昔日古城(cheng)垣依(yi)稀可(ke)見，眾多(duo)出土文(wen)物仍指點人(ren)們去追溯古城(cheng)的(de)歷(li)史足跡(ji)。