簡介
柏(bo)(bo)(bo)林寺(si)(si)又稱石(shi)佛寺(si)(si),位于宣化縣崞(guo)村鎮柏(bo)(bo)(bo)林寺(si)(si)村西南約1公里處的山坳之中(zhong),樹木蔥郁,風景優美。據(ju)當地(di)傳說,柏(bo)(bo)(bo)林寺(si)(si)始建于北魏年(nian)間,距今1500多年(nian)的歷史。同時(shi),據(ju)到訪(fang)的專(zhuan)家根據(ju)石(shi)窟中(zhong)石(shi)佛的風格判斷,柏(bo)(bo)(bo)林寺(si)(si)應該始建于北魏年(nian)間。據(ju)現存(cun)明(ming)正德七(qi)年(nian)(1512年(nian))重修碑記載:該寺(si)(si)始建于唐肅宗至德年(nian)間(756~758年(nian)),于明(ming)正德、嘉(jia)(jia)靖、隆慶年(nian)漸(jian)次完成石(shi)窟、石(shi)塔雕鑿(zao);又經清嘉(jia)(jia)慶年(nian)增(zeng)建,終成規模。柏(bo)(bo)(bo)林寺(si)(si)主(zhu)要(yao)建筑(zhu)是三座石(shi)窟、一座多寶(bao)(bao)(石(shi))佛塔、大(da)雄寶(bao)(bao)殿(dian)(dian)和三官殿(dian)(dian),還有(you)玉皇(huang)廟、財(cai)神廟、龍王殿(dian)(dian)、孔廟、禪房等。大(da)雄寶(bao)(bao)殿(dian)(dian)是上下兩層磚木結構。上層是大(da)雄寶(bao)(bao)殿(dian)(dian),六架梁前檐廊硬山頂式建筑(zhu),居全寺(si)(si)的中(zhong)心。下層為三官殿(dian)(dian),內設(she)天官、地(di)官、水官塑像。門楣(mei)上刻有(you)“三官圣境”石(shi)匾。
西佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)位于(yu)大雄寶殿西北(bei)側,有32級臺階(jie)通入石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)。洞(dong)寬6.5米,進深5米,高3米,其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)一(yi)體的(de)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)組合像(xiang)(xiang)。正中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)釋迦摩尼佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),雙手扶膝結伽跌坐于(yu)蓮花(hua)座上,慈(ci)祥(xiang)端(duan)莊,兩邊(bian)站立(li)(li)尊者阿(a)難(nan)與(yu)迦葉。左邊(bian)普賢菩(pu)薩倚坐在象身上,安詳沉靜。右邊(bian)文(wen)殊菩(pu)薩直(zhi)身平(ping)視倚坐在獅身上,神態平(ping)和。兩邊(bian)各站立(li)(li)兩佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)。后上壁浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)太子游四門(men)(men),大鵬(peng)金翅鳥和天(tian)女(nv)散花(hua)圖(tu)等13尊佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)。窟內(nei)靠東原來(lai)是一(yi)尊大鐵佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),文(wen)革中(zhong)被毀損,后塑一(yi)尊彌(mi)勒佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)銅像(xiang)(xiang)。銅像(xiang)(xiang)兩邊(bian)刻有站立(li)(li)的(de)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)(xiang)。東壁浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)36尊小佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)和兩塊功(gong)德碑。南(nan)壁門(men)(men)左上雕(diao)(diao)刻13尊站立(li)(li)的(de)小佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang);下邊(bian)一(yi)組合像(xiang)(xiang),中(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)觀(guan)音菩(pu)薩乘吼,左邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)普賢菩(pu)薩乘象,右邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)文(wen)殊菩(pu)薩乘獅,一(yi)塊功(gong)德碑,7個泥彩繪(hui)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)像(xiang)(xiang)。門(men)(men)楣(mei)3尊站立(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)像(xiang)(xiang)。洞(dong)頂為(wei)(wei)龍鳳藻井圖(tu)。
千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)位(wei)于(yu)大雄寶殿東北側,距地面高(gao)約15米左(zuo)右(you);攀鋼(gang)管扶手拾階而上。石(shi)窟(ku)正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3尊(zun)石(shi)雕(diao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)結伽(jia)跌坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)于(yu)蓮花(hua)座上,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為燃(ran)燈(deng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。后壁(bi)浮雕(diao)15尊(zun)小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang),兩邊(bian)各7尊(zun)立像(xiang)。西壁(bi)上龕(kan)內(nei)11尊(zun)浮雕(diao)小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)站立在(zai)蓮花(hua)臺(tai)上,下(xia)龕(kan)內(nei)3尊(zun)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang),坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)副(fu)彩繪圖(tu),右(you)一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)站立的石(shi)雕(diao)像(xiang),左(zuo)一(yi)(yi)塊功(gong)德碑。東壁(bi)上龕(kan)內(nei)11尊(zun)站立在(zai)蓮花(hua)臺(tai)上的小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang),下(xia)龕(kan)內(nei)有(you)3尊(zun)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang),下(xia)邊(bian)一(yi)(yi)副(fu)彩繪圖(tu),左(zuo)一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)站立的石(shi)雕(diao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang),右(you)一(yi)(yi)塊功(gong)德碑,載有(you):“大明隆(long)慶(qing)元(yuan)年上至隆(long)慶(qing)四年修(xiu)造燃(ran)燈(deng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿;圓滿... ...明代隆(long)慶(qing)元(yuan)年”(即公(gong)元(yuan)1567年)等(deng)字樣。洞(dong)頂是彩繪八卦穹窿頂。
東(dong)(dong)佛(fo)洞與多寶佛(fo)塔(ta)渾然一(yi)體,巧奪天(tian)工。佛(fo)洞寬5米(mi),深入5米(mi),高3米(mi)。正中(zhong)佛(fo)龕(kan)內(nei)藥師佛(fo)手捧寶塔(ta)結伽跌坐在蓮(lian)花座(zuo)上(shang)(shang),上(shang)(shang)邊(bian)兩(liang)龕(kan)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)各(ge)(ge)9尊(zun)(zun)(zun),左、右(you)3龕(kan)內(nei),每龕(kan)內(nei)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)3尊(zun)(zun)(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang),共36尊(zun)(zun)(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)坐于(yu)蓮(lian)花臺上(shang)(shang),神采(cai)各(ge)(ge)異。洞頂(ding)是八卦彩繪(hui)穹窿(long)頂(ding)。東(dong)(dong)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang)有3龕(kan),分別浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)有小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)8尊(zun)(zun)(zun)、6尊(zun)(zun)(zun)、7尊(zun)(zun)(zun),均坐于(yu)蓮(lian)花臺上(shang)(shang)。下壁(bi)中(zhong)間一(yi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)站立的(de)石雕(diao)像(xiang)(xiang),右(you)邊(bian)兩(liang)龕(kan)各(ge)(ge)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)3尊(zun)(zun)(zun),左邊(bian)一(yi)塊功(gong)(gong)德碑。西壁(bi)與東(dong)(dong)壁(bi)一(yi)樣(yang)。南壁(bi)門楣(mei)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)觀音、普賢、文(wen)殊菩薩組合(he)像(xiang)(xiang),兩(liang)邊(bian)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)塊功(gong)(gong)德碑。門庭南上(shang)(shang)壁(bi)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)5尊(zun)(zun)(zun),東(dong)(dong)、西壁(bi)各(ge)(ge)4尊(zun)(zun)(zun),下壁(bi)為功(gong)(gong)德碑,彩繪(hui)萬字圖頂(ding)。
多寶佛塔聳立(li)(li)于(yu)東佛洞(dong)之(zhi)巔,高約(yue)12米,為實(shi)心塔,共(gong)計五層(ceng)八面(mian),每(mei)層(ceng)每(mei)面(mian)現刻(ke)(ke)有(you)石雕(diao)佛像八十(shi)八尊,從塔基(東佛洞(dong))至第四層(ceng)均系一塊山石鑿(zao)筑(zhu)而成,第五層(ceng)用本(ben)色石八塊磨對砌筑(zhu),塔頂二層(ceng)呈覆缽形(xing),另筑(zhu)后置于(yu)塔巔。各層(ceng)之(zhi)間(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)相輪,檐角下部有(you)石料斗拱,各角原裝有(you)風鈴。每(mei)層(ceng)八面(mian)均鑿(zao)有(you)佛龕,龕內雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)著坐、立(li)(li)、臥于(yu)蓮花臺上的各種佛像。寶塔造型獨特、刻(ke)(ke)工(gong)精致(zhi)、古(gu)樸典(dian)雅,是柏林(lin)寺一大勝(sheng)景。宣化縣柏林(lin)寺于(yu)2013年被國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)批準(zhun)為國(guo)家級文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。
景色
柏(bo)林(lin)寺(si)(si)主(zhu)要建筑(zhu)有(you)北山(shan)坡卜的(de)(de)三座石(shi)窟和(he)一(yi)座多寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)石(shi)塔組成(cheng)。西(xi)沸(fei)洞、千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞、東(dong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞、多寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔、大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)、三官圣(sheng)境為(wei)(wei)(wei)柏(bo)林(lin)寺(si)(si)主(zhu)要景點。1982年被河北省(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)公布為(wei)(wei)(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。 柏(bo)林(lin)寺(si)(si)正面(mian)(mian)是(shi)卜下兩層磚木結構、硬山(shan)頂式建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)雙層廟宇,居全寺(si)(si)中心(xin),下層為(wei)(wei)(wei)三官殿(dian),內(nei)(nei)設天官、地官、水官塑像,門媚(mei)卜有(you)“三官圣(sheng)境”石(shi)匾(bian)。卜層為(wei)(wei)(wei)寬7米(mi)、進深4.5米(mi)的(de)(de)大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)。大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)南(nan)面(mian)(mian),有(you)東(dong)西(xi)禪房各弓間,大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)東(dong)北,一(yi)個(ge)奇特的(de)(de)無(wu)然(ran)大(da)石(shi)球透空(kong)兀立于山(shan)坡卜,直(zhi)徑(jing)約IO米(mi),并(bing)被匠心(xin)獨(du)具地鑿(zao)空(kong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)室。南(nan)向留門,猶(you)如一(yi)個(ge)巨大(da)的(de)(de)和(he)尚頭(tou)從綠色覆(fu)蓋的(de)(de)山(shan)中鉆(zhan)出(chu)來(lai),面(mian)(mian)向南(nan)天,高唱“阿彌陀佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”。球內(nei)(nei)是(shi)一(yi)石(shi)室,名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞”。在四周(zhou)石(shi)壁上(shang)共鑿(zao)刻有(you)50個(ge)大(da)小不同的(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像,北面(mian)(mian)石(shi)壁上(shang)是(shi)3個(ge)大(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),由東(dong)至西(xi)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)盤古沸(fei)、燃燈佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、伽舍佛(fo)(fo)(fo);兩側(ce)各有(you)一(yi)尊(zun)上(shang)等(deng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),東(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)孔雀王菩(pu)薩,西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)冥(ming)王菩(pu)薩;此外(wai),東(dong)西(xi)石(shi)壁上(shang)還有(you)45尊(zun)小佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像。
千佛(fo)(fo)洞東10米處,立著一(yi)(yi)座九角八面(mian)玲攏塔(ta)(ta),名為(wei)“多寶佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)”,由(you)匠人們鑿刻天然巨石(shi)而(er)成(cheng)。造型端莊,刻工精細(xi),高(gao)約12米,聳立干東佛(fo)(fo)洞之(zhi)巔(dian)。該(gai)塔(ta)(ta)為(wei)實心塔(ta)(ta),共(gong)計(ji)五層(ceng)(ceng)八面(mian),每層(ceng)(ceng)每面(mian)線刻浮雕(diao)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)三(san)尊,從(cong)塔(ta)(ta)基(ji)至第四層(ceng)(ceng)均系(xi)一(yi)(yi)塊山石(shi)鑿筑而(er)成(cheng),第五層(ceng)(ceng)用本(ben)色石(shi)八塊磨(mo)對砌(qi)筑,塔(ta)(ta)頂為(wei)另雕(diao)后置(zhi)于(yu)塔(ta)(ta)巔(dian)。多寶佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)是(shi)為(wei)紀念以光明佛(fo)(fo)為(wei)主的(de)88位為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)教作出貢獻的(de)圣僧而(er)筑。塔(ta)(ta)四周(zhou)雕(diao)刻的(de)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang),記述了88位圣僧的(de)成(cheng)佛(fo)(fo)過程(cheng)。各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)神態各(ge)異,栩栩如生。寶塔(ta)(ta)造型獨特,古(gu)樸典雅,為(wei)柏林寺一(yi)(yi)大(da)勝景(jing)。該(gai)塔(ta)(ta)基(ji)本(ben)卜是(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)塊山石(shi)鑿筑而(er)成(cheng)的(de)實心塔(ta)(ta),并且塔(ta)(ta)身較(jiao)大(da),這(zhe)在我國眾多的(de)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)建筑中較(jiao)為(wei)罕見(jian),故有京西第一(yi)(yi)石(shi)塔(ta)(ta)之(zhi)美譽。
東(dong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)位于多寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)之(zhi)下,與(yu)多寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)渾(hun)然(ran)一體。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)寬5米(mi)(mi),深5米(mi)(mi),高3米(mi)(mi)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)正(zheng)中佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕內(nei),藥師手捧(peng)寶(bao)塔(ta)結枷跌(die)坐(zuo)。四(si)壁佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕內(nei)浮雕小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像108尊(zun)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)門內(nei)上(shang)方(fang)刻有四(si)大(da)天王、八大(da)金(jin)剛及韋(wei)陀石(shi)(shi)(shi)像,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)內(nei),側面墻壁碑(bei)文記載,多寶(bao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)與(yu)東(dong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)建于明(ming)嘉(jia)靖十五年(nian)(1536年(nian))。 雙(shuang)層殿西(xi)北角(jiao)山坡上(shang),有一圓(yuan)中見方(fang)的巨石(shi)(shi)(shi),也被鑿空為(wei)室,名為(wei)“西(xi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)”。有32個臺階通入石(shi)(shi)(shi)門,室內(nei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)壁共刻有55尊(zun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像。大(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像有釋迎牟尼、文殊菩薩等9尊(zun),其余為(wei)各種小(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像。全寺(si)共有325尊(zun)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像,多為(wei)鑿石(shi)(shi)(shi)而成,它們風格粗拙,似有北魏石(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)憨厚之(zhi)態。