簡介
柏林(lin)(lin)寺(si)(si)又(you)稱(cheng)石(shi)(shi)佛寺(si)(si),位于(yu)(yu)宣化縣崞(guo)村(cun)鎮柏林(lin)(lin)寺(si)(si)村(cun)西(xi)南(nan)約1公(gong)里處的(de)山坳之(zhi)中,樹木(mu)蔥郁(yu),風景優美。據(ju)當地傳(chuan)說,柏林(lin)(lin)寺(si)(si)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)北魏年(nian)(nian)間,距今1500多年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。同(tong)時,據(ju)到(dao)訪的(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)根據(ju)石(shi)(shi)窟中石(shi)(shi)佛的(de)風格判斷,柏林(lin)(lin)寺(si)(si)應該始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)北魏年(nian)(nian)間。據(ju)現存明正德七年(nian)(nian)(1512年(nian)(nian))重修碑記載:該寺(si)(si)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)唐肅宗至德年(nian)(nian)間(756~758年(nian)(nian)),于(yu)(yu)明正德、嘉(jia)靖、隆慶年(nian)(nian)漸次完(wan)成石(shi)(shi)窟、石(shi)(shi)塔雕(diao)鑿;又(you)經清嘉(jia)慶年(nian)(nian)增建(jian)(jian),終成規模。柏林(lin)(lin)寺(si)(si)主要建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是三(san)座石(shi)(shi)窟、一座多寶(bao)(bao)(石(shi)(shi))佛塔、大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)(bao)殿(dian)和三(san)官(guan)殿(dian),還有玉皇廟、財神廟、龍王(wang)殿(dian)、孔廟、禪房等。大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)(bao)殿(dian)是上(shang)下(xia)兩層磚(zhuan)木(mu)結構。上(shang)層是大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)(bao)殿(dian),六(liu)架梁(liang)前檐廊硬山頂式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),居(ju)全寺(si)(si)的(de)中心。下(xia)層為(wei)三(san)官(guan)殿(dian),內設天(tian)官(guan)、地官(guan)、水官(guan)塑像。門楣上(shang)刻有“三(san)官(guan)圣境”石(shi)(shi)匾。
西佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞位于(yu)大雄寶殿西北側,有32級(ji)臺階通(tong)入石(shi)門。洞寬6.5米(mi),進深5米(mi),高3米(mi),其中的佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞一(yi)體的石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)組合像(xiang)(xiang)。正中為(wei)釋迦摩尼佛(fo)(fo)(fo),雙手扶膝結伽跌坐(zuo)于(yu)蓮花(hua)座上(shang)(shang),慈祥(xiang)端莊,兩邊(bian)(bian)(bian)站立(li)(li)(li)尊(zun)者阿(a)難(nan)與迦葉(xie)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)普賢(xian)菩(pu)薩(sa)倚坐(zuo)在象身(shen)(shen)上(shang)(shang),安詳沉靜。右(you)(you)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)文(wen)殊菩(pu)薩(sa)直(zhi)身(shen)(shen)平視倚坐(zuo)在獅身(shen)(shen)上(shang)(shang),神態平和(he)。兩邊(bian)(bian)(bian)各站立(li)(li)(li)兩佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)。后(hou)上(shang)(shang)壁(bi)浮雕(diao)(diao)太子(zi)游(you)四門,大鵬金翅(chi)鳥和(he)天女散花(hua)圖(tu)等(deng)13尊(zun)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)。窟內靠(kao)東(dong)原來是一(yi)尊(zun)大鐵(tie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),文(wen)革中被毀損,后(hou)塑一(yi)尊(zun)彌勒佛(fo)(fo)(fo)銅像(xiang)(xiang)。銅像(xiang)(xiang)兩邊(bian)(bian)(bian)刻有站立(li)(li)(li)的羅(luo)漢像(xiang)(xiang)。東(dong)壁(bi)浮雕(diao)(diao)36尊(zun)小佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)和(he)兩塊功(gong)德碑。南壁(bi)門左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)刻13尊(zun)站立(li)(li)(li)的小佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang);下(xia)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)一(yi)組合像(xiang)(xiang),中間為(wei)觀音菩(pu)薩(sa)乘吼(hou),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)普賢(xian)菩(pu)薩(sa)乘象,右(you)(you)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)文(wen)殊菩(pu)薩(sa)乘獅,一(yi)塊功(gong)德碑,7個(ge)泥彩繪羅(luo)漢像(xiang)(xiang)。門楣3尊(zun)站立(li)(li)(li)石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)像(xiang)(xiang)。洞頂為(wei)龍鳳藻井圖(tu)。
千佛洞位于大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿東北側,距地面高(gao)約(yue)15米左右(you);攀鋼管扶手拾階而上。石(shi)窟正中3尊(zun)(zun)(zun)石(shi)雕(diao)佛結伽跌坐(zuo)(zuo)于蓮(lian)(lian)花座上,中為燃燈佛。后壁(bi)浮(fu)雕(diao)15尊(zun)(zun)(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)佛像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),中間一尊(zun)(zun)(zun)坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),兩(liang)邊各7尊(zun)(zun)(zun)立(li)(li)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。西(xi)壁(bi)上龕內11尊(zun)(zun)(zun)浮(fu)雕(diao)小(xiao)(xiao)佛像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)站立(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)蓮(lian)(lian)花臺上,下(xia)龕內3尊(zun)(zun)(zun)坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)一副彩繪(hui)(hui)圖,右(you)一尊(zun)(zun)(zun)站立(li)(li)的(de)石(shi)雕(diao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),左一塊功(gong)德(de)碑。東壁(bi)上龕內11尊(zun)(zun)(zun)站立(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)蓮(lian)(lian)花臺上的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)佛像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),下(xia)龕內有3尊(zun)(zun)(zun)坐(zuo)(zuo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),下(xia)邊一副彩繪(hui)(hui)圖,左一尊(zun)(zun)(zun)站立(li)(li)的(de)石(shi)雕(diao)佛像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),右(you)一塊功(gong)德(de)碑,載有:“大(da)明隆(long)慶元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)上至隆(long)慶四(si)年(nian)修造燃燈佛殿;圓滿... ...明代隆(long)慶元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)”(即公元(yuan)(yuan)1567年(nian))等字樣。洞頂是彩繪(hui)(hui)八(ba)卦穹窿頂。
東佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞與多寶佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔渾然一體,巧(qiao)奪天工。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞寬5米,深(shen)入5米,高3米。正中佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕(kan)內(nei)藥師佛(fo)(fo)(fo)手捧寶塔結伽跌坐(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)蓮(lian)花座上(shang)(shang),上(shang)(shang)邊(bian)兩龕(kan)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)9尊(zun),左(zuo)、右3龕(kan)內(nei),每龕(kan)內(nei)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)3尊(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang),共36尊(zun)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)坐(zuo)(zuo)于蓮(lian)花臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang),神(shen)采各(ge)(ge)(ge)異。洞頂(ding)是八卦彩繪(hui)穹窿頂(ding)。東壁上(shang)(shang)有3龕(kan),分(fen)別(bie)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)8尊(zun)、6尊(zun)、7尊(zun),均坐(zuo)(zuo)于蓮(lian)花臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)。下壁中間一尊(zun)站立的石(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)像(xiang)(xiang),右邊(bian)兩龕(kan)各(ge)(ge)(ge)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)小(xiao)(xiao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)3尊(zun),左(zuo)邊(bian)一塊功德(de)碑(bei)(bei)。西壁與東壁一樣。南(nan)壁門楣浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)觀音、普賢(xian)、文殊菩薩組合像(xiang)(xiang),兩邊(bian)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一塊功德(de)碑(bei)(bei)。門庭南(nan)上(shang)(shang)壁浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)5尊(zun),東、西壁各(ge)(ge)(ge)4尊(zun),下壁為功德(de)碑(bei)(bei),彩繪(hui)萬字圖(tu)頂(ding)。
多寶佛塔聳立于(yu)東(dong)佛洞之(zhi)巔,高約12米,為(wei)實心(xin)塔,共計五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)八(ba)(ba)面(mian),每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)每(mei)面(mian)現刻(ke)有(you)石(shi)雕佛像(xiang)八(ba)(ba)十八(ba)(ba)尊(zun),從塔基(東(dong)佛洞)至第(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均系一(yi)塊(kuai)山石(shi)鑿筑而成,第(di)五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)用本色石(shi)八(ba)(ba)塊(kuai)磨對砌筑,塔頂二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)呈(cheng)覆缽形,另筑后置于(yu)塔巔。各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)間筑有(you)相(xiang)輪(lun),檐角(jiao)(jiao)下部(bu)有(you)石(shi)料斗拱,各(ge)角(jiao)(jiao)原裝有(you)風鈴。每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)八(ba)(ba)面(mian)均鑿有(you)佛龕,龕內雕刻(ke)著坐、立、臥于(yu)蓮花臺上(shang)的各(ge)種佛像(xiang)。寶塔造型獨特、刻(ke)工精致、古樸典雅,是柏林寺一(yi)大勝景。宣化縣柏林寺于(yu)2013年被國務(wu)院批準為(wei)國家級文物保護單位。
景色
柏林寺主要建(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)北(bei)山坡(po)卜(bu)(bu)的(de)三座石(shi)(shi)窟和一(yi)座多寶佛(fo)(fo)(fo)石(shi)(shi)塔組成。西(xi)沸洞(dong)、千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)、東(dong)(dong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)、多寶佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔、大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、三官(guan)圣境(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柏林寺主要景點。1982年被(bei)河北(bei)省(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)公布為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)重點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。 柏林寺正面(mian)是卜(bu)(bu)下兩層磚木結構、硬山頂式建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)雙層廟宇,居全寺中心(xin),下層為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三官(guan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),內設天官(guan)、地(di)官(guan)、水官(guan)塑像,門(men)媚卜(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)“三官(guan)圣境(jing)”石(shi)(shi)匾。卜(bu)(bu)層為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬(kuan)7米、進深4.5米的(de)大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)南面(mian),有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)禪(chan)房(fang)各弓間(jian),大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)北(bei),一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)奇特(te)的(de)無然大石(shi)(shi)球透空兀(wu)立于山坡(po)卜(bu)(bu),直徑約IO米,并被(bei)匠心(xin)獨(du)具地(di)鑿空為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)室。南向(xiang)留門(men),猶如一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)巨大的(de)和尚頭從綠色覆(fu)蓋的(de)山中鉆出(chu)來,面(mian)向(xiang)南天,高唱“阿彌陀佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”。球內是一(yi)石(shi)(shi)室,名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)”。在四周石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)共鑿刻有(you)(you)50個(ge)(ge)(ge)大小不同的(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像,北(bei)面(mian)石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)是3個(ge)(ge)(ge)大佛(fo)(fo)(fo),由東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)西(xi)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盤古沸、燃燈佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、伽舍佛(fo)(fo)(fo);兩側(ce)各有(you)(you)一(yi)尊上(shang)等佛(fo)(fo)(fo),東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)雀王菩薩(sa),西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大冥王菩薩(sa);此(ci)外,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)還有(you)(you)45尊小佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像。
千佛(fo)(fo)洞(dong)東(dong)10米處,立(li)著一(yi)座(zuo)九角八(ba)面玲(ling)攏塔(ta)(ta)(ta),名為(wei)(wei)“多寶佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)”,由匠人們鑿刻天然巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)而(er)成。造(zao)型(xing)端莊(zhuang),刻工精細,高約12米,聳立(li)干東(dong)佛(fo)(fo)洞(dong)之巔。該塔(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)實心塔(ta)(ta)(ta),共計五層八(ba)面,每(mei)層每(mei)面線刻浮雕(diao)佛(fo)(fo)像三尊,從塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)至第四層均系一(yi)塊山(shan)石(shi)(shi)鑿筑而(er)成,第五層用本(ben)色石(shi)(shi)八(ba)塊磨對(dui)砌筑,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)另雕(diao)后置(zhi)于塔(ta)(ta)(ta)巔。多寶佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)是為(wei)(wei)紀念以光明佛(fo)(fo)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)88位(wei)為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)作出貢(gong)獻的(de)圣僧(seng)而(er)筑。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)四周雕(diao)刻的(de)佛(fo)(fo)像,記述(shu)了88位(wei)圣僧(seng)的(de)成佛(fo)(fo)過程。各層佛(fo)(fo)像神態各異,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。寶塔(ta)(ta)(ta)造(zao)型(xing)獨特,古樸典雅,為(wei)(wei)柏林寺一(yi)大勝景。該塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)本(ben)卜是由一(yi)塊山(shan)石(shi)(shi)鑿筑而(er)成的(de)實心塔(ta)(ta)(ta),并且(qie)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)較(jiao)大,這在我國眾(zhong)多的(de)佛(fo)(fo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)建(jian)筑中(zhong)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)罕(han)見,故有京西第一(yi)石(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)之美譽(yu)。
東佛(fo)洞位于多(duo)寶佛(fo)塔(ta)(ta)之下,與多(duo)寶佛(fo)塔(ta)(ta)渾然一(yi)體。佛(fo)洞寬5米,深5米,高3米。佛(fo)洞正中佛(fo)龕內(nei),藥師(shi)手捧寶塔(ta)(ta)結枷跌坐。四(si)壁佛(fo)龕內(nei)浮(fu)雕(diao)小佛(fo)像(xiang)108尊。石(shi)(shi)門內(nei)上方刻有四(si)大天王、八大金(jin)剛及(ji)韋陀石(shi)(shi)像(xiang),佛(fo)洞內(nei),側面墻壁碑文記載,多(duo)寶佛(fo)塔(ta)(ta)與東佛(fo)洞建(jian)于明(ming)嘉靖十五(wu)年(1536年)。 雙層(ceng)殿(dian)西北角山坡上,有一(yi)圓中見方的(de)巨石(shi)(shi),也(ye)被鑿空為室,名為“西佛(fo)洞”。有32個臺階通入(ru)石(shi)(shi)門,室內(nei)石(shi)(shi)壁共(gong)刻有55尊石(shi)(shi)佛(fo)像(xiang)。大佛(fo)像(xiang)有釋迎牟尼(ni)、文殊菩薩等(deng)9尊,其余為各(ge)種小佛(fo)像(xiang)。全寺(si)共(gong)有325尊佛(fo)像(xiang),多(duo)為鑿石(shi)(shi)而成(cheng),它們(men)風格粗(cu)拙(zhuo),似有北魏石(shi)(shi)佛(fo)憨厚之態(tai)。