簡介
共城(cheng)城(cheng)址,2006年5月25日國(guo)務院公布為第六批全國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)。時代:周。地址:河南省輝縣市。
共城城址始建于西(xi)周初年,因是(shi)西(xi)周晚期(qi)共國(guo)國(guo)君共伯(bo)和的(de)封地(di),故稱(cheng)“共城”。
共(gong)城自(zi)西周末創建之后(hou),秦、漢、唐(tang)、宋時(shi)期多有修補增建。共(gong)城近正方形,南(nan)北1300米(mi),東西1200米(mi)。其(qi)中東城墻保存較好。
共(gong)(gong)(gong)城遺址(zhi)早見于《水(shui)經注》、《史記(ji)·周本紀·正(zheng)義(yi)》等(deng)文獻。共(gong)(gong)(gong)城城址(zhi)不僅是目前為(wei)數不多的(de)西(xi)周諸侯國都城址(zhi)之一,重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是共(gong)(gong)(gong)城城址(zhi)凝聚了“共(gong)(gong)(gong)和行(xing)政(zheng)”、“共(gong)(gong)(gong)和元年(nian)”等(deng)歷史事件的(de)發生(sheng),使其(qi)成為(wei)中國歷史紀年(nian)上(shang)的(de)分水(shui)嶺(ling)。
“共(gong)和元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)”,即公元(yuan)前841年(nian)(nian),中國歷史(shi)有了明確的紀年(nian)(nian)。在歷史(shi)的年(nian)(nian)輪上,這是(shi)混沌與清(qing)晰的分界線。后來的那個艱(jian)巨的“夏商(shang)周(zhou)斷代(dai)”工程,也就是(shi)從共(gong)和元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)再往前算盡可能確切的年(nian)(nian)份。
共(gong)和(he)元年,公元前841年,是這片土地的國(guo)君的年號。這一小(xiao)塊土地上的小(xiao)諸侯國(guo),叫共(gong)國(guo)。這塊地方,現在稱(cheng)共(gong)城城址(zhi)。
城墻信息
共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)據實測(ce),西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)長1300米(mi)(mi)(mi),北墻(qiang)(qiang)長1200米(mi)(mi)(mi),南墻(qiang)(qiang)長1200米(mi)(mi)(mi),東墻(qiang)(qiang)沿東石(shi)河南行(xing)長1300米(mi)(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圍長5000米(mi)(mi)(mi),共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總面積約156萬平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。這(zhe)座共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),全部分層夯(hang)筑,有圓夯(hang),橢(tuo)圓夯(hang),平夯(hang)。經過實地(di)考察測(ce)量,發現夯(hang)土(tu)大都(dou)是圓夯(hang)窩。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北半(ban)部城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的基(ji)槽牢固地(di)坐落在地(di)面石(shi)頭上(shang),穩(wen)如盤石(shi)。北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)和東西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的斷面很(hen)厚,這(zhe)可(ke)能是為防御北面太行(xing)山(shan)特大山(shan)洪(hong)暴發時的沖擊。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南面那段(duan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)保存得比較(jiao)完整。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang),主要是紅粘土(tu)、黑土(tu)、黃(huang)土(tu)、白(bai)土(tu),還有三花土(tu)。
2800年時(shi)間過去(qu)了,古共城遺址(zhi)成了今天我(wo)們(men)的寶(bao)貴文化遺產,共城遺址(zhi)是省級(ji)重點文物(wu)保護單位。輝縣市還(huan)開辟了“共城公園”供人們(men)參觀(guan)瀏(liu)覽。