簡介
共城城址,2006年5月25日國務院公(gong)布(bu)為(wei)第六批全國重點文物保護單位。時代:周。地(di)址:河南省輝縣市。
共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)城(cheng)址(zhi)始建于西周初年(nian),因是西周晚期共(gong)(gong)國國君共(gong)(gong)伯和的封地,故稱(cheng)“共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)”。
共城自(zi)西周(zhou)末創建(jian)之后,秦、漢、唐(tang)、宋時期多(duo)有(you)修(xiu)補增(zeng)建(jian)。共城近正(zheng)方形,南北(bei)1300米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西1200米(mi)(mi)。其中東(dong)城墻保(bao)存較(jiao)好。
共城(cheng)遺址早見于《水經注(zhu)》、《史記·周(zhou)本紀·正義(yi)》等文(wen)獻。共城(cheng)城(cheng)址不僅是目前為(wei)數不多(duo)的西周(zhou)諸侯國(guo)都城(cheng)址之一(yi),重要的是共城(cheng)城(cheng)址凝(ning)聚了“共和行政”、“共和元(yuan)年”等歷史事件的發生,使其成為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)歷史紀年上的分水嶺(ling)。
“共(gong)和元年(nian)”,即公元前(qian)841年(nian),中國歷史有了明(ming)確的(de)(de)(de)紀(ji)年(nian)。在(zai)歷史的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)輪上,這是混沌與清晰的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)界(jie)線。后來的(de)(de)(de)那個艱巨的(de)(de)(de)“夏(xia)商周斷代”工程,也(ye)就是從共(gong)和元年(nian)再往(wang)前(qian)算盡可能確切的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)份。
共和元年(nian),公元前841年(nian),是這片(pian)土地的(de)國君的(de)年(nian)號。這一小(xiao)塊土地上(shang)的(de)小(xiao)諸侯國,叫共國。這塊地方,現在稱共城城址(zhi)。
城墻信息
共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)據實(shi)測,西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1300米(mi),北墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1200米(mi),南(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)1200米(mi),東墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)沿東石河南(nan)(nan)行(xing)長(chang)1300米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圍長(chang)5000米(mi),共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總面(mian)積約(yue)156萬(wan)平方米(mi)。這座共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),全(quan)部(bu)分層夯(hang)筑,有圓(yuan)(yuan)夯(hang),橢圓(yuan)(yuan)夯(hang),平夯(hang)。經過實(shi)地考察測量,發(fa)現夯(hang)土大都是(shi)(shi)圓(yuan)(yuan)夯(hang)窩。共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北半部(bu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)基槽牢固地坐落在(zai)地面(mian)石頭上,穩(wen)如(ru)盤石。北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和東西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)斷面(mian)很(hen)厚(hou),這可能是(shi)(shi)為防(fang)御北面(mian)太(tai)行(xing)山特(te)大山洪暴發(fa)時(shi)的(de)沖(chong)擊。共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東南(nan)(nan)面(mian)那段城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)保(bao)存(cun)得比較完整。共(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上,主要是(shi)(shi)紅粘土、黑土、黃土、白土,還有三(san)花土。
2800年(nian)時間過去了,古共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)成(cheng)了今天我們的(de)寶貴文化遺(yi)產,共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)是省(sheng)級重點(dian)文物保護單位。輝縣市還開辟了“共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)公(gong)園”供人們參(can)觀瀏(liu)覽。