歷史沿革
陵墓始建于元代至元二十一年(nian)(1284),明(ming)、清先后重(zhong)(zhong)修。1983、1993年(nian),江西省(sheng)人(ren)民(min)政府拔(ba)款重(zhong)(zhong)建。1987年(nian)列為省(sheng)級文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位,成為愛國(guo)主(zhu)義教育課堂。這位民(min)族英(ying)雄、愛國(guo)詩人(ren)一生波瀾壯(zhuang)闊,正氣(qi)煌(huang)煌(huang),青山不老,忠(zhong)魂(hun)永在(zai)!
陵(ling)園靜穆、莊嚴、凝重。我(wo)們佇立墓前,虔誠地默(mo)讀(du)著那(nei)一行(xing)行(xing)書法遒勁(jing)有力的聯語(yu)和(he)碑(bei)文:
志(zhi)可凌(ling)云(yun)文能載(zai)道 生當報國死不低頭
南(nan)宋狀(zhuang)元宰相 西(xi)江孝子忠臣
天賦忠(zhong)烈千(qian)秋志 祥賜英(ying)名萬古存.......
臥虎山
“臥虎(hu)(hu)山(shan)”名不虛傳。兩座樹(shu)木(mu)蓊郁(yu)(yu)的小山(shan)如(ru)虎(hu)(hu)足伸伏(fu)于(yu)前(qian),虎(hu)(hu)頭(tou)高高昂起,墳(fen)墓(mu)建在(zai)虎(hu)(hu)的鼻(bi)尖(jian)。好一(yi)(yi)幅“一(yi)(yi)水護田將綠繞,兩山(shan)排闥送青來”的山(shan)水畫屏。墓(mu)前(qian)是小橋流水人家,墳(fen)后是郁(yu)(yu)郁(yu)(yu)山(shan)林,遠(yuan)方有綿延起伏(fu)的重巒疊(die)障,對面一(yi)(yi)山(shan)酷似一(yi)(yi)位跪伏(fu)于(yu)地(di)的大臣(chen)正叩首稱臣(chen)。啁啾(jiu)的山(shan)鳥跳躍在(zai)林間,清(qing)亮的溪流中(zhong)游魚歷(li)歷(li)可(ke)數、怡然(ran)自樂;遠(yuan)處(chu)農舍上炊煙裊(niao)(niao)裊(niao)(niao),飄向碧藍的天穹.
墓主生平
文(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)(1236-1283),原名云(yun)(yun)孫(sun),字(zi)宋(song)(song)瑞,又字(zi)履(lv)善,號文(wen)山. 吉(ji)州(zhou)廬陵(今(jin)吉(ji)安(an)縣)人. 南(nan)宋(song)(song)杰(jie)(jie)出的(de)民族英雄和愛(ai)國(guo)詩(shi)(shi)人. 寶(bao)祐四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1256)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進士第一(yi),因(yin)父喪未受官(guan)(guan)職. 開(kai)慶初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1259)蒙古軍(jun)(jun)攻(gong)鄂州(zhou)(今(jin)湖北武昌(chang)),宦官(guan)(guan)董(dong)宋(song)(song)臣請(qing)理宗遷都以(yi)(yi)避(bi)敵(di)鋒(feng),文(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)上(shang)疏請(qing)斬董(dong)宋(song)(song)臣,以(yi)(yi)振奮人心,并(bing)獻御敵(di)之計,未被(bei)采納. 后歷任(ren)刑部郎(lang)官(guan)(guan),知瑞州(zhou)等職. 咸淳六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1270),因(yin)得罪奸(jian)相(xiang)賈似道而遭到罷斥(chi). 德祐元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1275)正月,聞元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)軍(jun)(jun)東下,文(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)在贛州(zhou)組織(zhi)義軍(jun)(jun),開(kai)赴臨安(an)(今(jin)杭州(zhou),當時南(nan)宋(song)(song)的(de)京城). 次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)任(ren)為右丞(cheng)相(xiang)兼樞密使. 其(qi)時元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)軍(jun)(jun)已進逼(bi)臨安(an),被(bei)派往元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)營(ying)中(zhong)談(tan)判(pan),遭扣留,押往北就(jiu). 二月底(di),天(tian)祥(xiang)與其(qi)客杜(du)滸等十二人,夜亡入真州(zhou). 復由海(hai)路(lu)南(nan)下,至福建與張(zhang)世杰(jie)(jie)、陸秀夫等堅(jian)持抗元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan). 景(jing)炎(yan)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1277),進兵江西,收復州(zhou)縣多處. 不(bu)久,為元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重兵所敗,妻子兒(er)女皆被(bei)執,將士犧牲甚眾(zhong),天(tian)祥(xiang)只(zhi)身逃脫(tuo),乃退(tui)廣東繼續抗元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan). 后因(yin)叛徒引(yin)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兵襲擊(ji),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十二月,在五坡嶺(今(jin)廣東海(hai)豐縣)被(bei)俘(fu). 元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)將張(zhang)弘范迫其(qi)招降張(zhang)世杰(jie)(jie),乃書(shu)《過(guo)零(ling)(ling)丁(ding)洋(yang)》詩(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)訴之. 末(mo)句云(yun)(yun):“人生(sheng)自古誰無(wu)死(si),留取(qu)丹心照汗青(qing). ”次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)押送大都(今(jin)北京),囚禁四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經歷種種嚴酷考驗,始(shi)終不(bu)屈. 于1283年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)從(cong)容就(jiu)義,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)僅(jin)47歲(sui). 文(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)創作(zuo)了大量(liang)的(de)詩(shi)(shi)、詞和散文(wen)作(zuo)品. 其(qi)中(zhong)詩(shi)(shi)作(zuo)達百(bai)余首,成就(jiu)很高. 有《文(wen)山先生(sheng)全集》. 其(qi)中(zhong)有《過(guo)零(ling)(ling)丁(ding)洋(yang)》、《正氣歌》等千(qian)古絕唱.