歷史沿革
陵墓始建于元(yuan)代至元(yuan)二十一年(1284),明、清(qing)先后重修(xiu)。1983、1993年,江西省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府(fu)拔款重建。1987年列為(wei)省(sheng)級文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei),成為(wei)愛國主義教育課堂(tang)。這(zhe)位(wei)民族英雄、愛國詩(shi)人一生波瀾壯闊(kuo),正氣煌煌,青山(shan)不老(lao),忠(zhong)魂永(yong)在!
陵(ling)園靜穆(mu)、莊嚴、凝重。我們佇(zhu)立墓前,虔(qian)誠地默(mo)讀(du)著那(nei)一行行書(shu)法遒勁(jing)有力的聯語和碑文:
志可凌云文能(neng)載道 生當報國死不低頭
南(nan)宋狀元宰相 西(xi)江(jiang)孝(xiao)子忠臣(chen)
天(tian)賦忠烈千秋志 祥賜(si)英名(ming)萬(wan)古(gu)存.......
臥虎山
“臥虎(hu)(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”名(ming)不虛傳。兩座樹(shu)木蓊郁(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)如虎(hu)(hu)足伸伏(fu)于前,虎(hu)(hu)頭高高昂起,墳墓建在(zai)虎(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)鼻尖。好一幅“一水護田將綠繞,兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)排闥(ta)送(song)青來”的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水畫屏。墓前是小橋流水人(ren)家,墳后是郁(yu)(yu)郁(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin),遠(yuan)方有綿延起伏(fu)的(de)(de)重巒疊障,對面一山(shan)(shan)(shan)酷(ku)似一位跪伏(fu)于地(di)的(de)(de)大臣(chen)正叩(kou)首稱臣(chen)。啁(zhou)啾的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鳥跳(tiao)躍在(zai)林(lin)間,清亮的(de)(de)溪流中游魚歷(li)歷(li)可(ke)數、怡然自樂;遠(yuan)處(chu)農舍(she)上(shang)炊(chui)煙裊裊,飄(piao)向碧藍的(de)(de)天穹.
墓主生平
文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)(1236-1283),原名(ming)云(yun)孫,字宋瑞(rui),又字履善,號文(wen)(wen)(wen)山. 吉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)廬陵(ling)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)吉安(an)(an)縣(xian))人. 南宋杰出的民族英雄和愛國詩(shi)人. 寶(bao)祐四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1256)年(nian)(nian)進士第一,因父喪未受官(guan)職. 開(kai)慶初年(nian)(nian)(1259)蒙古(gu)軍攻鄂州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)湖北武(wu)昌),宦官(guan)董宋臣請(qing)理宗遷都以(yi)(yi)避敵鋒,文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)上疏請(qing)斬董宋臣,以(yi)(yi)振(zhen)奮人心,并獻御敵之(zhi)計,未被(bei)(bei)采(cai)納. 后歷任刑部郎官(guan),知瑞(rui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等(deng)職. 咸(xian)淳六年(nian)(nian)(1270),因得罪(zui)奸(jian)相賈似道而遭到(dao)罷斥(chi). 德祐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1275)正月(yue),聞元(yuan)(yuan)軍東(dong)下,文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)在贛州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)組(zu)織義軍,開(kai)赴臨(lin)安(an)(an)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),當時南宋的京城). 次年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)任為右丞相兼樞(shu)密使. 其(qi)(qi)時元(yuan)(yuan)軍已進逼臨(lin)安(an)(an),被(bei)(bei)派往元(yuan)(yuan)營中談判(pan),遭扣留(liu),押(ya)往北就(jiu). 二月(yue)底,天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)與其(qi)(qi)客杜滸等(deng)十二人,夜亡入真(zhen)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou). 復由海(hai)路南下,至福建與張世杰、陸秀夫(fu)等(deng)堅持(chi)抗元(yuan)(yuan). 景炎二年(nian)(nian)(1277),進兵江(jiang)西,收(shou)復州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)多處. 不久,為元(yuan)(yuan)重兵所敗,妻子兒(er)女(nv)皆被(bei)(bei)執,將(jiang)(jiang)士犧牲甚(shen)眾,天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)只身逃脫,乃(nai)退廣(guang)東(dong)繼續抗元(yuan)(yuan). 后因叛徒引(yin)元(yuan)(yuan)兵襲擊,同年(nian)(nian)十二月(yue),在五坡嶺(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)廣(guang)東(dong)海(hai)豐縣(xian))被(bei)(bei)俘(fu). 元(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)張弘范迫其(qi)(qi)招降張世杰,乃(nai)書(shu)《過零丁(ding)洋》詩(shi)以(yi)(yi)訴(su)之(zhi). 末句云(yun):“人生自古(gu)誰無死,留(liu)取(qu)丹(dan)心照(zhao)汗青. ”次年(nian)(nian),被(bei)(bei)押(ya)送大都(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)北京),囚禁四(si)年(nian)(nian),經歷種種嚴酷考驗,始(shi)終(zhong)不屈. 于1283年(nian)(nian)從(cong)容(rong)就(jiu)義,年(nian)(nian)僅47歲. 文(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)創(chuang)作(zuo)了(le)大量的詩(shi)、詞和散文(wen)(wen)(wen)作(zuo)品. 其(qi)(qi)中詩(shi)作(zuo)達百(bai)余(yu)首,成(cheng)就(jiu)很高. 有《文(wen)(wen)(wen)山先生全集》. 其(qi)(qi)中有《過零丁(ding)洋》、《正氣歌》等(deng)千古(gu)絕唱.