兩處遺址的(de)文化堆積豐富,出土遺物(wu)包括各(ge)種石器、骨(gu)器、穿孔(kong)蚌器、夾砂的(de)褐色陶器、人骨(gu)和大量動物(wu)骨(gu)骼。此(ci)外,遺址附(fu)近還發現有(you)種植水稻的(de)遺跡。
仙人(ren)洞(dong)遺(yi)址的洞(dong)口朝向(xiang)東(dong)南,前(qian)面有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)小河。遺(yi)址出土遺(yi)物(wu)豐富,有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、穿孔蚌器(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶片(pian)和人(ren)頭骨(gu)、下頜骨(gu)、牙齒等,還有(you)(you)(you)(you)數以萬(wan)計的動物(wu)骨(gu)骼碎片(pian)。其中特別的是年(nian)(nian)代超過萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)的夾粗砂條(tiao)紋陶、繩紋陶,這不(bu)僅(jin)是東(dong)亞地區(qu),也是世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上目前(qian)發(fa)現年(nian)(nian)代早的陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)標本之一(yi)。此外(wai),還發(fa)現了12000年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的野生(sheng)稻植硅石(shi)(shi)和10000年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的栽培稻植硅石(shi)(shi),這是現今所知世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上年(nian)(nian)代早的栽培稻遺(yi)存之一(yi)。遺(yi)址發(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)(you)華南地區(qu)洞(dong)穴罕見的從舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代晚期向(xiang)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代早期過渡的清(qing)晰地層堆積,為(wei)探(tan)討人(ren)類如何從舊石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代過渡到新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代這一(yi)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)性大課題提供了重要資料。
時(shi)代(dai)在(zai)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)早期。兩遺(yi)址(zhi)在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)加工和陶(tao)器(qi)制(zhi)作方(fang)面有明顯差異。陶(tao)片為(wei)目前發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)中國(guo)原始的(de)(de)(de)陶(tao)制(zhi)品(pin)之一。發(fa)現了從舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)向新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)過渡(du)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)晰的(de)(de)(de)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)關系(xi)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju),并找到(dao)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)早期的(de)(de)(de)水稻遺(yi)存。遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)堆積,涵蓋(gai)了由(you)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)末期向新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)過渡(du)的(de)(de)(de)完整(zheng)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)序列,它對于研究人類如何由(you)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai)過渡(du)到(dao)新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代(dai),提供了一個完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)文化演進過程(cheng)。尤(you)其是(shi)對有關稻作農業起源、陶(tao)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現、動物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)馴(xun)化等重(zhong)大(da)學(xue)(xue)術課題的(de)(de)(de)解決提供了相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)學(xue)(xue)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju),揭示出目前我國(guo)從舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)期向新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)期過渡(du)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)晰的(de)(de)(de)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)關系(xi)證(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。2001年被國(guo)務院批準為(wei)第(di)五批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單(dan)位名單(dan)。