地理位置
逢渠橋位于(yu)江西省(sheng)(sheng)宜豐(feng)縣(xian)同安鄉洞山村的(de)洞山百步岸(an)以(yi)上(shang)300米處。宜豐(feng)縣(xian)位于(yu)贛西北(bei)(bei)(bei)九嶺山脈(mo)南(nan)麓,始建于(yu)三國吳(wu)大帝黃武年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(公(gong)(gong)元222~229年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),已有(you)(you)1780多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。 全(quan)縣(xian)總面積(ji)1935平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)土地(di)面積(ji)的(de)1.2%。東(dong)西長(chang)71公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)51公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),自西北(bei)(bei)(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)傾斜,海拔高度(du)在45米至1480米之間,全(quan)境狀似一(yi)個東(dong)西向的(de)“棱形”。全(quan)縣(xian)常態地(di)貌構(gou)成(cheng)大致是(shi)“七(qi)山半水(shui)半分(fen)田,一(yi)分(fen)道路和莊園”的(de)格局(ju)。總人口28萬,轄16個鄉鎮(zhen)(場),屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶溫(wen)暖濕潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)四季分(fen)明,炎涼適宜,雨量充(chong)沛,日照(zhao)充(chong)足,無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)長(chang)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)17.2攝氏(shi)度(du),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量約為(wei)1800毫米,1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量2370毫米,為(wei)建國以(yi)來(lai)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。平(ping)均無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)260天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總積(ji)溫(wen)6255攝氏(shi)度(du),具有(you)(you)典型的(de)亞(ya)熱(re)帶濕潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特色。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.1℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量1720.6毫米。介于(yu)東(dong)經(jing)114º30¹至115º08¹,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯28º17¹至28º40¹之間,東(dong)臨(lin)高安、上(shang)高,西與銅鼓接壤,南(nan)連萬載,北(bei)(bei)(bei)毗奉新(xin)、修水(shui)。縣(xian)城(cheng)新(xin)昌鎮(zhen)距(ju)省(sheng)(sheng)會南(nan)昌136公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),距(ju)宜春94公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),離最(zui)近鐵路道口13公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。
全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)202萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),竹(zhu)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)84萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),活立竹(zhu)蓄積(ji)(ji)量1.2億(yi)株,居全(quan)(quan)國(guo)第三位,全(quan)(quan)省第一位,是中國(guo)竹(zhu)子之鄉(xiang)、中國(guo)獼猴(hou)桃(tao)之鄉(xiang)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)30.74萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),農村人口人均耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1.7畝(mu),其中水田29.82萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),旱地(di)(di)(di)(di)0.92萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)優質(zhi)米生產基地(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)和商品糧(liang)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian),也(ye)是全(quan)(quan)省油茶、紅薯、蠶桑、蜜蜂(feng)、山(shan)羊基地(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有40多種可食野(ye)果,尤其以被譽為“仙果”的(de)野(ye)生獼猴(hou)桃(tao)聞名全(quan)(quan)國(guo)。宜豐山(shan)川秀麗,名勝古(gu)跡很多。著名的(de)有洞山(shan)禪(chan)(chan)林(lin)、黃(huang)檗禪(chan)(chan)林(lin)、五峰山(shan)禪(chan)(chan)林(lin)、太子塔、陶(tao)淵明故里、魯班坊、李大鑾起義聚義處(chu)、古(gu)南(nan)園(yuan)、崇(chong)文(wen)塔等。革命勝跡有熊雄故居、潭山(shan)的(de)蘇(su)維(wei)埃(ai)政(zheng)府舊(jiu)址(zhi)、黃(huang)沙會(hui)戰遺址(zhi)。近年來著力開辟新的(de)風景(jing)點,有官山(shan)自然保護區、森林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)、南(nan)屛公(gong)園(yuan);縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政(zheng)府把發展旅(lv)游(you)(you)業作(zuo)為第三產業的(de)重點來抓,大力發展休閑旅(lv)游(you)(you)、觀光(guang)旅(lv)游(you)(you)、生態旅(lv)游(you)(you),不斷地(di)(di)(di)(di)完善旅(lv)游(you)(you)服務體系(xi)。
至(zhi)(zhi)2005年(nian)(nian)末,全縣(xian)有公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)307條,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)通(tong)車(che)(che)里(li)程1365.17公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),其中:二(er)級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)117.58公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),三(san)級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),四(si)級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)313.12公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),水泥、瀝青路(lu)(lu)面449.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。320國道(dao)在我縣(xian)石市(shi)鎮(zhen)穿境而過。2007年(nian)(nian)建成通(tong)車(che)(che)的(de)內蒙古至(zhi)(zhi)深圳(內深)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)武吉段(武寧至(zhi)(zhi)吉安(an))經過宜豐縣(xian)路(lu)(lu)段達(da)45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。全縣(xian)除(chu)3個偏(pian)遠行政村(分場)外,其余行政村均實現了村村通(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)。綜合運(yun)(yun)輸能力得到加強。全縣(xian)營運(yun)(yun)載客汽車(che)(che)100輛1854座(zuo),營運(yun)(yun)載貨(huo)汽車(che)(che)1489輛8913噸(dun),全年(nian)(nian)完(wan)成貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)量1156萬(wan)噸(dun),貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)周轉量80850萬(wan)噸(dun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li);客運(yun)(yun)量262萬(wan)人(ren),旅客周轉量13080萬(wan)人(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。全縣(xian)有客運(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)一(yi)(yi)家(jia),車(che)(che)輛100輛;貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)13家(jia),其中擁有100輛車(che)(che)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)3家(jia);汽車(che)(che)維修企(qi)(qi)業224家(jia),其中一(yi)(yi)類企(qi)(qi)業1家(jia),二(er)類企(qi)(qi)業13家(jia)。
建筑特色
逢渠橋,它(ta)的景(jing)深,至少有兩個(ge)層次,一(yi)是(shi)橋的建(jian)筑藝術底(di)蘊;一(yi)是(shi)它(ta)的宗教(jiao)文化底(di)蘊。
逢渠橋,建于(yu)北宋紹(shao)圣五年(1089),它的(de)空間(jian)跨度雖然只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)4.2米,但是它的(de)時(shi)間(jian)跨度是整(zheng)整(zheng)十一(yi)個世紀。目前江西省內僅(jin)存(cun)尚未遭劫的(de)三座宋代石橋之(zhi)一(yi)。“縱(zong)向單卷并拱(gong)(gong)”、“無(wu)鉸拱(gong)(gong)結”和“無(wu)漿(jiang)干(gan)砌”三大工藝特色,足以令當代莫及。游(you)人只(zhi)(zhi)要躋身橋底,可以分明地(di)數清全橋77塊石塊,怎樣排(pai)成7個單拱(gong)(gong),每排(pai)單拱(gong)(gong)怎樣由11塊石料(liao)卷成一(yi)拱(gong)(gong)。路對(dui)路,縫對(dui)縫,棋(qi)格了了,嚴絲(si)密(mi)縫。拱(gong)(gong)側東西各有(you)(you)一(yi)信(xin)土(tu)和掌作揖,一(yi)臉(lian)虔誠,張揚著捐建者的(de)個性。
不幸的是(shi),哪位(wei)天(tian)資聰慧的開發大師,在佛教徒頭上做了頂“道士帽”——逢渠橋(qiao)變成“風雨亭”。
變成風(feng)雨亭之后的(de)“逢(feng)渠橋”,我真怕木頭(tou)、磚瓦的(de)堆砌掮走了(le)歷史經典(dian)。
構造
橋的(de)(de)構造頗具特色(se),橋身用11塊(kuai)石料卷成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)單拱(gong),共77塊(kuai)矩(ju)形石塊(kuai)組成七個(ge)單拱(gong),七個(ge)單拱(gong)排成7列,又組成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)大的(de)(de)承重拱(gong)板,每(mei)列縱向與橫向石縫都相通,像是棋盤格一(yi)(yi)樣。拱(gong)肩上面(mian)有2個(ge)石雕武士為護橋神。石塊(kuai)與石塊(kuai)之間采(cai)用“無漿干砌”法,沒(mei)有用桐(tong)油石灰(hui)勾縫,也(ye)沒(mei)有用糯(nuo)米膠(jiao)粘,也(ye)沒(mei)有榫卯相連,就像搭積木那樣,靠相互的(de)(de)摩擦力支(zhi)持(chi)著。
拱(gong)(gong)(gong)肩立有(you)2個石(shi)雕武士為護橋(qiao)神。橋(qiao)全長(chang)15米(mi),橋(qiao)面(mian)寬4.7米(mi),橋(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)凈跨(kua)4.2米(mi),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)矢高(gao)2.1米(mi),矢跨(kua)比2:1,屬(shu)陡拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。橋(qiao)面(mian)底部石(shi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)刻有(you)建(jian)(jian)橋(qiao)年月及捐建(jian)(jian)人、主建(jian)(jian)人名等。其"逢渠橋(qiao)"三字,是(shi)當時縣令(ling)錢鍪根據良價初來洞時,在(zai)此涉水相逢身影(ying)所作的《逢渠偈(jie)》而題寫的。2002年10月在(zai)橋(qiao)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)了(le)仿古亭。