地理位置
逢(feng)渠橋位于江西省(sheng)宜豐縣(xian)同(tong)安鄉(xiang)洞山(shan)村(cun)的(de)洞山(shan)百步岸以(yi)上300米(mi)處(chu)。宜豐縣(xian)位于贛西北(bei)九嶺山(shan)脈南(nan)麓,始建于三國吳(wu)大(da)帝(di)黃武(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(公元(yuan)222~229年(nian)(nian)(nian)),已有(you)1780多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。 全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)1935平(ping)方公里(li)(li),占全(quan)省(sheng)土(tu)地(di)面積(ji)的(de)1.2%。東(dong)西長71公里(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)寬51公里(li)(li),自西北(bei)向(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)傾斜,海拔高度在45米(mi)至1480米(mi)之(zhi)間,全(quan)境(jing)狀似一(yi)個(ge)東(dong)西向(xiang)的(de)“棱(leng)形(xing)”。全(quan)縣(xian)常態地(di)貌構成大(da)致是“七山(shan)半水(shui)半分(fen)田(tian),一(yi)分(fen)道路和(he)莊園”的(de)格局(ju)。總(zong)人(ren)口(kou)28萬,轄16個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(場),屬亞(ya)熱帶(dai)溫暖濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候區,氣(qi)(qi)候四季分(fen)明,炎涼適宜,雨量(liang)充沛,日(ri)照(zhao)充足,無(wu)霜期長。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)17.2攝氏度,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)約為(wei)(wei)1800毫(hao)米(mi),1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)2370毫(hao)米(mi),為(wei)(wei)建國以(yi)來最多(duo)的(de)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。平(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜期260天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)積(ji)溫6255攝氏度,具有(you)典型的(de)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候特色(se)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫17.1℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)1720.6毫(hao)米(mi)。介于東(dong)經114º30¹至115º08¹,北(bei)緯28º17¹至28º40¹之(zhi)間,東(dong)臨高安、上高,西與銅(tong)鼓(gu)接壤(rang),南(nan)連萬載(zai),北(bei)毗奉(feng)新(xin)(xin)、修水(shui)。縣(xian)城新(xin)(xin)昌鎮(zhen)距省(sheng)會南(nan)昌136公里(li)(li),距宜春94公里(li)(li),離最近(jin)鐵(tie)路道口(kou)13公里(li)(li)。
全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)林(lin)地(di)面(mian)積202萬畝(mu)(mu),竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)面(mian)積84萬畝(mu)(mu),活立竹(zhu)(zhu)蓄積量1.2億株,居(ju)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)第三位,全(quan)(quan)省第一(yi)位,是(shi)中國(guo)竹(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)之鄉(xiang)、中國(guo)獼猴(hou)桃之鄉(xiang)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)耕(geng)地(di)面(mian)積30.74萬畝(mu)(mu),農村人(ren)口人(ren)均耕(geng)地(di)面(mian)積1.7畝(mu)(mu),其中水田(tian)29.82萬畝(mu)(mu),旱(han)地(di)0.92萬畝(mu)(mu),是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)優質(zhi)米生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)和商(shang)品糧基(ji)地(di)縣(xian),也是(shi)全(quan)(quan)省油茶、紅(hong)薯、蠶桑、蜜蜂、山(shan)(shan)羊基(ji)地(di)縣(xian)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有40多(duo)種可(ke)食野(ye)果,尤其以被譽為(wei)(wei)“仙果”的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)獼猴(hou)桃聞名(ming)(ming)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)。宜豐山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)秀麗,名(ming)(ming)勝古(gu)跡(ji)很多(duo)。著名(ming)(ming)的(de)有洞山(shan)(shan)禪(chan)林(lin)、黃檗禪(chan)林(lin)、五(wu)峰山(shan)(shan)禪(chan)林(lin)、太子(zi)塔、陶淵明故里、魯班坊(fang)、李(li)大鑾(luan)起義聚(ju)義處、古(gu)南園、崇文塔等。革命勝跡(ji)有熊雄故居(ju)、潭山(shan)(shan)的(de)蘇維埃政(zheng)府舊址、黃沙會戰遺址。近年來著力開辟新的(de)風(feng)景點,有官(guan)山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保護區(qu)、森林(lin)公園、南屛公園;縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政(zheng)府把(ba)發展(zhan)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)業作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)第三產業的(de)重(zhong)點來抓(zhua),大力發展(zhan)休閑(xian)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)、觀光(guang)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)、生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游(you),不斷地(di)完善旅(lv)(lv)游(you)服務體系。
至2005年(nian)末,全(quan)縣(xian)有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路307條,公(gong)(gong)(gong)路通車里程(cheng)1365.17公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,其(qi)(qi)中:二(er)級(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路117.58公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,三(san)級(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路20公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,四級(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路313.12公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,水泥(ni)、瀝青路面449.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。320國道在我縣(xian)石市鎮穿境而過(guo)。2007年(nian)建成通車的內蒙古(gu)至深圳(內深)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路武(wu)吉段(duan)(武(wu)寧至吉安)經過(guo)宜豐縣(xian)路段(duan)達45公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。全(quan)縣(xian)除3個(ge)偏遠行政村(分場(chang))外,其(qi)(qi)余行政村均(jun)實現(xian)了(le)村村通公(gong)(gong)(gong)路。綜合運(yun)輸能(neng)力得到加強。全(quan)縣(xian)營運(yun)載客汽車100輛(liang)1854座,營運(yun)載貨汽車1489輛(liang)8913噸(dun),全(quan)年(nian)完成貨運(yun)量(liang)1156萬噸(dun),貨運(yun)周轉(zhuan)量(liang)80850萬噸(dun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里;客運(yun)量(liang)262萬人(ren),旅客周轉(zhuan)量(liang)13080萬人(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。全(quan)縣(xian)有(you)(you)客運(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)一家(jia)(jia)(jia),車輛(liang)100輛(liang);貨運(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)13家(jia)(jia)(jia),其(qi)(qi)中擁(yong)有(you)(you)100輛(liang)車的公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)3家(jia)(jia)(jia);汽車維修企(qi)(qi)業224家(jia)(jia)(jia),其(qi)(qi)中一類企(qi)(qi)業1家(jia)(jia)(jia),二(er)類企(qi)(qi)業13家(jia)(jia)(jia)。
建筑特色
逢渠橋,它(ta)的(de)景深,至少有兩個層次,一是(shi)(shi)橋的(de)建筑藝術底(di)蘊(yun);一是(shi)(shi)它(ta)的(de)宗(zong)教(jiao)文化底(di)蘊(yun)。
逢渠(qu)橋(qiao)(qiao),建于北宋紹(shao)圣五(wu)年(1089),它(ta)的空間(jian)跨度雖然(ran)只有(you)4.2米,但是它(ta)的時間(jian)跨度是整(zheng)整(zheng)十一(yi)個(ge)(ge)世(shi)紀。目前江西省內僅存尚未遭劫的三座宋代石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)之一(yi)。“縱向單卷(juan)并拱(gong)(gong)(gong)”、“無鉸拱(gong)(gong)(gong)結”和“無漿干砌”三大工藝特(te)色,足以(yi)令當(dang)代莫及。游人只要躋身橋(qiao)(qiao)底,可以(yi)分明(ming)地(di)數(shu)清全(quan)橋(qiao)(qiao)77塊石(shi)塊,怎(zen)(zen)樣排成(cheng)7個(ge)(ge)單拱(gong)(gong)(gong),每排單拱(gong)(gong)(gong)怎(zen)(zen)樣由11塊石(shi)料卷(juan)成(cheng)一(yi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。路對路,縫對縫,棋格了了,嚴絲密縫。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)側(ce)東西各有(you)一(yi)信土和掌作揖,一(yi)臉虔誠,張揚(yang)著捐建者的個(ge)(ge)性。
不幸的是,哪(na)位天資聰(cong)慧的開發大師,在佛教徒(tu)頭上做了頂(ding)“道士帽”——逢渠橋變成“風雨(yu)亭”。
變成風雨亭之后的(de)(de)“逢渠橋”,我真怕木頭、磚瓦的(de)(de)堆砌(qi)掮走了歷史經典。
構造
橋的構造頗具特色(se),橋身用11塊(kuai)石料卷成一個單拱,共(gong)77塊(kuai)矩形石塊(kuai)組(zu)成七(qi)個單拱,七(qi)個單拱排成7列(lie)(lie),又組(zu)成一個大的承重拱板,每列(lie)(lie)縱向與橫向石縫都相通,像(xiang)是棋盤格一樣(yang)。拱肩上面有(you)2個石雕武(wu)士為護橋神(shen)。石塊(kuai)與石塊(kuai)之間采用“無漿(jiang)干砌(qi)”法,沒(mei)有(you)用桐(tong)油(you)石灰勾縫,也沒(mei)有(you)用糯(nuo)米膠粘,也沒(mei)有(you)榫卯相連,就像(xiang)搭積木那樣(yang),靠相互的摩(mo)擦(ca)力支持著。
拱(gong)(gong)肩立有2個石雕武(wu)士為護橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)神。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全長15米,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面寬4.7米,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)凈(jing)跨(kua)4.2米,拱(gong)(gong)矢(shi)高(gao)2.1米,矢(shi)跨(kua)比2:1,屬陡拱(gong)(gong)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面底部(bu)石拱(gong)(gong)上刻有建(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)年月及捐建(jian)人(ren)、主建(jian)人(ren)名等。其(qi)"逢(feng)渠(qu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)"三字,是當時(shi)縣(xian)令錢鍪根據良價初來(lai)洞時(shi),在(zai)(zai)此(ci)涉水相逢(feng)身(shen)影(ying)所作的《逢(feng)渠(qu)偈》而(er)題寫的。2002年10月在(zai)(zai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上建(jian)了仿古亭。