地理位置
逢渠橋位于(yu)江西(xi)(xi)省宜(yi)(yi)豐縣(xian)同安鄉洞山(shan)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洞山(shan)百(bai)步岸(an)以上300米(mi)處。宜(yi)(yi)豐縣(xian)位于(yu)贛西(xi)(xi)北九嶺山(shan)脈南(nan)麓,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)三國(guo)吳大帝(di)黃武年(nian)間(公(gong)元222~229年(nian)),已有1780多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。 全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積1935平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li),占(zhan)全(quan)省土(tu)地面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)1.2%。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長71公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬51公(gong)里(li),自西(xi)(xi)北向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)傾(qing)斜,海(hai)拔高度在45米(mi)至(zhi)1480米(mi)之間,全(quan)境(jing)狀似一個東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“棱形”。全(quan)縣(xian)常(chang)態地貌構成(cheng)大致(zhi)是(shi)“七(qi)山(shan)半(ban)水(shui)半(ban)分(fen)田,一分(fen)道路和莊園”的(de)(de)(de)(de)格局。總人口28萬,轄(xia)16個鄉鎮(場),屬(shu)亞熱帶溫(wen)暖(nuan)濕(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)四季分(fen)明,炎(yan)涼(liang)適(shi)宜(yi)(yi),雨量充沛,日照充足,無霜期長。全(quan)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為17.2攝(she)氏(shi)度,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量約為1800毫米(mi),1998年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量2370毫米(mi),為建(jian)(jian)國(guo)以來最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一年(nian)。平(ping)(ping)均無霜期260天(tian),年(nian)總積溫(wen)6255攝(she)氏(shi)度,具有典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)亞熱帶濕(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特色。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.1℃,年(nian)降(jiang)雨量1720.6毫米(mi)。介于(yu)東(dong)(dong)經114º30¹至(zhi)115º08¹,北緯(wei)28º17¹至(zhi)28º40¹之間,東(dong)(dong)臨高安、上高,西(xi)(xi)與銅鼓接壤,南(nan)連(lian)萬載,北毗奉新(xin)、修水(shui)。縣(xian)城(cheng)新(xin)昌鎮距省會南(nan)昌136公(gong)里(li),距宜(yi)(yi)春94公(gong)里(li),離最(zui)近(jin)鐵路道口13公(gong)里(li)。
全(quan)縣(xian)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)202萬畝(mu),竹林(lin)(lin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)84萬畝(mu),活立(li)竹蓄(xu)積(ji)(ji)量1.2億株,居(ju)全(quan)國(guo)第三位(wei),全(quan)省第一位(wei),是中(zhong)國(guo)竹子之鄉(xiang)(xiang)、中(zhong)國(guo)獼猴桃之鄉(xiang)(xiang)。全(quan)縣(xian)耕地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)30.74萬畝(mu),農村人(ren)(ren)口人(ren)(ren)均(jun)耕地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1.7畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)水田29.82萬畝(mu),旱地(di)(di)(di)0.92萬畝(mu),是全(quan)國(guo)優質米生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)和商品糧基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian),也是全(quan)省油(you)茶、紅薯、蠶桑、蜜蜂、山(shan)(shan)羊基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)。全(quan)縣(xian)有(you)40多種可食野(ye)果,尤其(qi)以被譽(yu)為“仙(xian)果”的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)獼猴桃聞(wen)名全(quan)國(guo)。宜豐(feng)山(shan)(shan)川秀麗,名勝(sheng)古跡(ji)很多。著名的(de)有(you)洞山(shan)(shan)禪林(lin)(lin)、黃(huang)(huang)檗禪林(lin)(lin)、五峰山(shan)(shan)禪林(lin)(lin)、太子塔(ta)(ta)、陶(tao)淵明故(gu)里(li)、魯班坊、李大(da)(da)鑾起義(yi)聚義(yi)處(chu)、古南(nan)園(yuan)、崇(chong)文塔(ta)(ta)等。革命勝(sheng)跡(ji)有(you)熊雄故(gu)居(ju)、潭山(shan)(shan)的(de)蘇(su)維埃政(zheng)(zheng)府舊址、黃(huang)(huang)沙會(hui)戰遺址。近(jin)年來著力(li)開辟新的(de)風景點,有(you)官山(shan)(shan)自然保護區、森林(lin)(lin)公園(yuan)、南(nan)屛(ping)公園(yuan);縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府把發展旅(lv)(lv)游業作(zuo)為第三產(chan)業的(de)重(zhong)點來抓,大(da)(da)力(li)發展休閑(xian)旅(lv)(lv)游、觀光旅(lv)(lv)游、生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游,不(bu)斷地(di)(di)(di)完善旅(lv)(lv)游服務(wu)體系。
至2005年末,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)307條(tiao),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)通車(che)(che)里(li)(li)程1365.17公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),其(qi)中:二級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)117.58公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),三級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),四級公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)313.12公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),水泥、瀝(li)青路(lu)(lu)面449.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。320國道(dao)在(zai)我縣(xian)石市(shi)鎮穿境而過。2007年建成通車(che)(che)的內蒙(meng)古至深(shen)圳(內深(shen))高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)武(wu)吉(ji)段(duan)(武(wu)寧至吉(ji)安)經過宜豐縣(xian)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)達(da)45公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)除3個偏遠行(xing)政村(分場)外,其(qi)余行(xing)政村均實現(xian)了(le)村村通公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)。綜合(he)運(yun)(yun)輸能力得到加強。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)營(ying)運(yun)(yun)載客(ke)汽車(che)(che)100輛(liang)1854座(zuo),營(ying)運(yun)(yun)載貨(huo)汽車(che)(che)1489輛(liang)8913噸(dun)(dun)(dun),全(quan)(quan)年完成貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)量(liang)1156萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun),貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)周(zhou)轉量(liang)80850萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li);客(ke)運(yun)(yun)量(liang)262萬(wan)人,旅客(ke)周(zhou)轉量(liang)13080萬(wan)人公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有(you)客(ke)運(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)一(yi)(yi)家(jia),車(che)(che)輛(liang)100輛(liang);貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)13家(jia),其(qi)中擁有(you)100輛(liang)車(che)(che)的公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)3家(jia);汽車(che)(che)維修企業224家(jia),其(qi)中一(yi)(yi)類企業1家(jia),二類企業13家(jia)。
建筑特色
逢渠橋,它的(de)(de)景深,至(zhi)少有兩個層次(ci),一(yi)是橋的(de)(de)建筑藝術底(di)蘊(yun);一(yi)是它的(de)(de)宗(zong)教文化(hua)底(di)蘊(yun)。
逢渠橋,建(jian)于北宋紹圣五(wu)年(1089),它的空間跨(kua)度雖然只有4.2米(mi),但是它的時間跨(kua)度是整整十(shi)一個世(shi)紀。目(mu)前江西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)內僅存尚(shang)未遭劫的三座宋代(dai)石(shi)橋之一。“縱向單(dan)卷(juan)并拱”、“無(wu)鉸拱結(jie)”和“無(wu)漿干砌”三大工(gong)藝特色,足以令當代(dai)莫及。游人只要躋身(shen)橋底(di),可以分明地數清全橋77塊(kuai)石(shi)塊(kuai),怎樣排成7個單(dan)拱,每排單(dan)拱怎樣由11塊(kuai)石(shi)料卷(juan)成一拱。路(lu)對路(lu),縫對縫,棋格(ge)了(le)了(le),嚴絲密縫。拱側東西(xi)(xi)各有一信土和掌作揖,一臉虔(qian)誠,張揚著捐建(jian)者的個性。
不幸的是(shi),哪位(wei)天(tian)資(zi)聰慧的開發大師,在佛教(jiao)徒頭(tou)上做(zuo)了頂“道(dao)士帽(mao)”——逢(feng)渠橋變成“風雨(yu)亭”。
變成風雨亭之(zhi)后的“逢(feng)渠橋”,我(wo)真怕木頭、磚瓦的堆砌掮走了(le)歷史經(jing)典。
構造
橋(qiao)的構造頗具特色,橋(qiao)身用11塊石料卷成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)單拱(gong),共77塊矩形(xing)石塊組成(cheng)七(qi)個(ge)單拱(gong),七(qi)個(ge)單拱(gong)排成(cheng)7列,又組成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)大的承重拱(gong)板,每列縱向與橫向石縫都相通,像(xiang)是棋盤(pan)格一(yi)樣。拱(gong)肩上(shang)面有(you)2個(ge)石雕(diao)武(wu)士為護橋(qiao)神。石塊與石塊之間采用“無(wu)漿干砌”法,沒有(you)用桐油石灰勾縫,也(ye)沒有(you)用糯(nuo)米膠(jiao)粘,也(ye)沒有(you)榫卯(mao)相連(lian),就像(xiang)搭積木那樣,靠相互的摩擦(ca)力支(zhi)持著(zhu)。
拱(gong)肩立有2個石(shi)雕武士為護橋(qiao)神。橋(qiao)全(quan)長15米(mi),橋(qiao)面寬4.7米(mi),橋(qiao)拱(gong)凈跨4.2米(mi),拱(gong)矢(shi)高2.1米(mi),矢(shi)跨比2:1,屬陡拱(gong)。橋(qiao)面底(di)部石(shi)拱(gong)上(shang)刻有建(jian)(jian)橋(qiao)年月(yue)及捐建(jian)(jian)人(ren)、主建(jian)(jian)人(ren)名等。其"逢渠(qu)橋(qiao)"三字,是當時縣令錢鍪根據良(liang)價初來(lai)洞時,在此涉水相(xiang)逢身影所(suo)作的(de)《逢渠(qu)偈》而題寫的(de)。2002年10月(yue)在橋(qiao)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)了(le)仿古(gu)亭。