芋頭(tou)侗寨在行政區劃上隸屬于(yu)雙江鄉。明洪武年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1368~1398年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)寨;明嘉靖三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1508年(nian)(nian)(nian))戶增人旺,建(jian)筑規模擴(kuo)大(da),形成(cheng)村落;清(qing)(qing)順治年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1644~1661年(nian)(nian)(nian))遭火災,復建(jian)后形成(cheng)以芋頭(tou)溪流為軸線(xian)向兩側分(fen)叉布置的7個聚(ju)落群(qun);清(qing)(qing)乾隆四十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1777年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)寨腳橋(qiao)及龍氏鼓樓、牙上鼓樓;清(qing)(qing)嘉慶(qing)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1800年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)塘頭(tou)橋(qiao)。清(qing)(qing)光緒7年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)塘坪(ping)橋(qiao)。
清(qing)道光(guang)(guang)(guang)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒(xu)年(nian)間(jian)分別(bie)維修驛道和(he)(he)牙上鼓樓。明洪武元(yuan)年(nian)至三十一(yi)年(nian)(1368-1398)間(jian)始建(jian)寨(zhai);嘉(jia)(jia)靖三年(nian)(1508)戶增人(ren)(ren)旺(wang),建(jian)筑規模擴大,形成(cheng)村落(luo)。清(qing)順治年(nian)間(jian)遭火災(zai),復建(jian)后形成(cheng)以(yi)芋(yu)頭溪(xi)流為軸線(xian)向兩邊分叉(cha)座落(luo)的7個聚居群。清(qing)乾(qian)隆四十二年(nian)(1777)建(jian)寨(zhai)腳橋(qiao)(qiao)及(ji)龍氏鼓樓,牙上鼓樓。清(qing)嘉(jia)(jia)慶五年(nian)(1800)建(jian)中步和(he)(he)塘(tang)坪橋(qiao)(qiao)。清(qing)道光(guang)(guang)(guang)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒(xu)年(nian)間(jian)分別(bie)維修驛道和(he)(he)牙上鼓樓。芋(yu)頭侗寨(zhai)古建(jian)筑群因山就勢,結構(gou)造型(xing)具有(you)典型(xing)的侗族風格(ge),鼓樓、門樓、蘆笙場(chang)、古井、涼亭(ting)、薩歲壇、古墓葬群、侗族樓層及(ji)青石板(ban)驛道等一(yi)應俱全,且保存完(wan)好,有(you)很高的歷(li)史、人(ren)(ren)文及(ji)藝術價。
芋頭侗寨(zhai)(zhai),從建(jian)寨(zhai)(zhai)選址,布(bu)(bu)置建(jian)筑物,到(dao)規劃村寨(zhai)(zhai)于周圍環境的(de)協(xie)調及(ji)人們(men)衣食住行、祭祀,都是(shi)傳統堪(kan)輿(yu)學說在侗民族(zu)地區現實生活(huo)中的(de)運用。寨(zhai)(zhai)內各類建(jian)筑因地制宜,依山勢,順(shun)風水分(fen)別布(bu)(bu)置建(jian)筑物,將自然風光(guang)與人為創造結成(cheng)天、地、人三位一體(ti),充分(fen)展示了侗民族(zu)的(de)古樸憨厚和聰明(ming)才智。芋頭侗寨(zhai)(zhai)的(de)建(jian)筑屬(shu)于典型(xing)的(de)山地溝(gou)谷(gu)侗寨(zhai)(zhai)山脊型(xing)和山谷(gu)型(xing)建(jian)筑模式。寨(zhai)(zhai)內所保(bao)存的(de)建(jian)筑,無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)從整體(ti)到(dao)局(ju)部,還(huan)是(shi)從布(bu)(bu)局(ju)到(dao)工藝(yi),都融匯了侗族(zu)工藝(yi)的(de)傳統和山里(li)人的(de)樸實風格,全(quan)面反映了侗族(zu)的(de)民族(zu)史和民俗史。
芋(yu)頭(tou)(tou)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)寨(zhai)(zhai)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群因山(shan)(shan)(shan)就勢,結(jie)構造型(xing)(xing)具有典型(xing)(xing)的(de)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)族風格,鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)、門樓(lou)(lou)、蘆(lu)(lu)笙(sheng)場、古(gu)井、涼(liang)亭、薩歲壇、古(gu)墓(mu)葬群、侗(dong)(dong)(dong)族樓(lou)(lou)屋及青石板驛(yi)道等一(yi)應(ying)俱(ju)全,其(qi)中古(gu)樓(lou)(lou)4座(zuo),風雨橋(qiao)3座(zuo),門樓(lou)(lou)1座(zuo),古(gu)井2口(kou),薩歲壇2個,吊腳樓(lou)(lou)居室78棟,古(gu)驛(yi)道1.6公里(li)。芋(yu)頭(tou)(tou)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)寨(zhai)(zhai)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)屬于(yu)典型(xing)(xing)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地溝谷侗(dong)(dong)(dong)寨(zhai)(zhai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊型(xing)(xing)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷型(xing)(xing)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模式。寨(zhai)(zhai)內(nei)民居采用“桿欄式”建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)多。有的(de)采用架立的(de)吊腳樓(lou)(lou)式,以適應(ying)南方山(shan)(shan)(shan)區氣候濕(shi)潤,多蚊(wen)蟲的(de)特點。屋頂(ding)(ding)懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)式,施小青瓦或覆蓋杉皮(pi),使(shi)得建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物色彩樸實,質感宜人。芋(yu)頭(tou)(tou)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)寨(zhai)(zhai)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明洪武(wu)年間,后遭大火,寨(zhai)(zhai)內(nei)現(xian)有建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大部分為(wei)(wei)清中期、末期的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。村寨(zhai)(zhai)現(xian)有鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)4個:寨(zhai)(zhai)中鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)簡樸地立于(yu)田中;龍氏鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)昂(ang)然立于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上最(zui)高(gao)處;蘆(lu)(lu)笙(sheng)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)雕梁畫(hua)棟漂亮(liang),為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)層(ceng)(ceng)密檐(yan)攢尖蘆(lu)(lu)笙(sheng)頂(ding)(ding)木(mu)樓(lou)(lou),下(xia)五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)四角,上四層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)八角,翹檐(yan)上下(xia)都塑有龍鳳花鳥(niao)圖案,金(jin)光(guang)閃亮(liang);牙上鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)較為(wei)(wei)奇險,一(yi)半搭在山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上,一(yi)半懸(xuan)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡下(xia),由17根梨木(mu)柱子支撐,最(zui)長的(de)一(yi)根有9.1米高(gao)。