故居介紹
樹(shu)德(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊四周(zhou)環境優美(mei),西面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)青(qing)(qing)水秀,是一望(wang)無際的(de)田(tian)園;北面(mian)是唐生智創辦的(de)耀祥中(zhong)學與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊連(lian)成一塊;南面(mian)是古香(xiang)古色的(de)趙家民居,別具風采;1812線公路、洛湛鐵路從東面(mian)貫穿而(er)過,交通方(fang)便。前院名貴樹(shu)木茂盛濃蔭,后院花(hua)園花(hua)草扶蘇,鳥語花(hua)香(xiang)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊青(qing)(qing)磚鋪地,廊回曲折。隨(sui)屋而(er)轉(zhuan),有園林建筑(zhu)曲徑通幽的(de)美(mei)感。佇立洋(yang)樓(lou)八角亭內眺望(wang),遠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)重疊如(ru)黛,近處江河秀美(mei),田(tian)園如(ru)畫,是旅游、避暑的(de)勝地。
門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、主樓(lou)(lou)、洋樓(lou)(lou)是山莊(zhuang)的三座主體(ti)(ti)建(jian)筑,三樓(lou)(lou)鼎足而立。門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)為中(zhong)式(shi)建(jian)筑,主樓(lou)(lou)、洋樓(lou)(lou)卻融中(zhong)式(shi)和西式(shi)建(jian)筑風格于一體(ti)(ti)。山莊(zhuang)以正(zheng)廳中(zhong)央為中(zhong)軸線,以排(pai)列(lie)有(you)序,各(ge)建(jian)筑之間有(you)間墻、天井(jing)相隔,錯落有(you)致(zhi),疏(shu)密得當,具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)國傳統民(min)居對稱布局和空間序列(lie)的特點。山莊(zhuang)以大門(men)(men)廳堂為起點,有(you)走廊(lang),通(tong)道連(lian)接山莊(zhuang)每個角(jiao)落的建(jian)筑,曲折迂回,廊(lang)頂全(quan)為抬粱穿斗式(shi)結構,蓋青瓦(wa),裝(zhuang)木(mu)(mu)板頂棚。山莊(zhuang)全(quan)為磚、石、木(mu)(mu)結構,梁(liang)枋交錯,屋脊(ji)縱橫,墻壁(bi)涂以青灰(hui)料,淌白(bai)撕縫,整齊美觀(guan)。
自(zi)五十年代(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)來,故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)除(chu)前(qian)院右側(ce)衛兵房被拆除(chu)和(he)(he)后側(ce)幾座雜房改建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)糧庫外,故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)原布局基本保(bao)持完(wan)(wan)整(zheng),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)保(bao)存完(wan)(wan)好(hao)。前(qian)院名貴樹木茂盛濃蔭(yin),后院花(hua)(hua)園花(hua)(hua)草扶蘇,鳥語(yu)花(hua)(hua)香(xiang)。山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)青磚(zhuan)鋪地,廊回(hui)曲折,隨屋(wu)(wu)而轉,有(you)園林建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)曲徑通幽的(de)(de)美(mei)感。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)、主(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)、洋(yang)(yang)樓(lou)(lou)是山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)三(san)座主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),三(san)樓(lou)(lou)鼎足而立。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)、洋(yang)(yang)樓(lou)(lou)卻融中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)西式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格于一(yi)(yi)體(ti)。故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)正廳中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)為(wei)(wei)軸線,以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心點,各建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)依(yi)大門(men)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線兩側(ce)對稱(cheng)(cheng)排列(lie)(lie),各建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大小不(bu)一(yi)(yi),但布局排列(lie)(lie)有(you)序(xu),各建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)間有(you)間墻(qiang)、天并相(xiang)(xiang)隔,錯落(luo)有(you)致,疏密(mi)得當(dang),具有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)民居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)對稱(cheng)(cheng)布局和(he)(he)空間序(xu)列(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)特點。故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)大門(men)的(de)(de)廳堂為(wei)(wei)起點,有(you)走廊、通道(dao)連接故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)每個角(jiao)落(luo)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),曲折迂回(hui)。廊頂(ding)全(quan)為(wei)(wei)抬(tai)梁穿斗(dou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou),蓋青瓦,裝木板(ban)頂(ding)棚,故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)全(quan)為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)、石、木結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。墻(qiang)壁涂以(yi)(yi)青灰科,淌白(bai)撕縫,整(zheng)齊美(mei)觀,梁枋交(jiao)錯,屋(wu)(wu)脊縱橫。故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是一(yi)(yi)處規模較大、中(zhong)(zhong)西合(he)璧的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)園式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。其券廊式(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)現了近代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)西合(he)璧建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)風格。平面(mian)布局以(yi)(yi)湘南民居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)對稱(cheng)(cheng)手(shou)法,天井、大門(men)、走廊、回(hui)廊及半園形窗戶,玻璃方格及洋(yang)(yang)樓(lou)(lou)采(cai)用不(bu)對稱(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)格局打破了中(zhong)(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)做法。在當(dang)時(shi)湘南偏僻的(de)(de)山(shan)區,能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)出如此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)西和(he)(he)諧統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)園,實屬難得,力我國20世紀初民居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。故居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)庭院、花(hua)(hua)園也(ye)頗具風采(cai),中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)亭臺,西式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)壇,相(xiang)(xiang)互映(ying)襯,體(ti)現了民居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)與園林、中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)與西式(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)手(shou)法,反映(ying)了清未(wei)民初受(shou)外來建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)思潮影響的(de)(de)新觀念。
結構
樹德(de)山(shan)莊(zhuang)是一(yi)處規模較大,中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)合(he)璧(bi)的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)園(yuan)式(shi)(shi)建筑。其(qi)券廊式(shi)(shi)建筑體現(xian)了(le)近代中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)合(he)璧(bi)建筑的(de)(de)風格。平(ping)面(mian)布局以湘南(nan)民(min)(min)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)傳統(tong)對(dui)稱(cheng)手(shou)法(fa),天(tian)井(jing)、大門、走廊、漏(lou)窗及(ji)部分屋頂也按(an)傳統(tong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)修建。“四(si)坡水(shui)”封檐的(de)(de)屋頂,西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)古黃(huang)磚柱、欄(lan)桿、回(hui)廊及(ji)半園(yuan)形窗戶,玻璃方(fang)(fang)格及(ji)洋樓采用不(bu)對(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)格局打破(po)了(le)中(zhong)國傳統(tong)建筑的(de)(de)做法(fa)。山(shan)莊(zhuang)建于1927年,在當(dang)時湘南(nan)偏(pian)僻的(de)(de)的(de)(de)山(shan)區(qu),能建造出如此中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩式(shi)(shi)和諧統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)園(yuan),實屬難(nan)得,為(wei)我國20世紀初民(min)(min)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)建筑的(de)(de)代表之一(yi)。山(shan)莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)庭院、花園(yuan)也頗具風采,中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)亭臺,西(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)花壇,相互(hu)映襯,體現(xian)了(le)民(min)(min)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)與園(yuan)林、中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)(shi)相結合(he)的(de)(de)手(shou)法(fa),反(fan)映了(le)清末民(min)(min)初受外(wai)來建筑思(si)潮影響的(de)(de)新觀念(nian)。山(shan)莊(zhuang)系著(zhu)名愛國將領唐生智故(gu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),具有重要的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)、藝術和科學價值。山(shan)莊(zhuang)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)之內(nei)(nei)定為(wei)保護(hu)范圍(wei)(wei),山(shan)莊(zhuang)東、南(nan)北面(mian)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)外(wai)9米(mi)之內(nei)(nei),西(xi)(xi)(xi)面(mian)圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)50米(mi)以內(nei)(nei)定為(wei)建設控制(zhi)地帶。
歷史
1927年(nian),唐生智回鄉修建故居,并命名為(wei)樹德山(shan)莊。
1938年(nian)又在右側(ce)建(jian)成以唐生智(zhi)父親(qin)名(ming)字命名(ming)的(de)耀祥中(zhong)學,與山莊成為一體。
1938年至(zhi)1949年唐生智(zhi)回鄉居(ju)住,樹德山莊成(cheng)為(wei)民(min)主革命聯絡地點,為(wei)參與組織、策劃湖南和平解(jie)放作出了(le)重大(da)貢(gong)獻。
1950年山(shan)莊(zhuang)收為國有。
1953年山莊劃給糧食部門,后(hou)院局部作為糧庫(ku),后(hou)又辦(ban)過糧食學校。
1989年唐生(sheng)(sheng)智先生(sheng)(sheng)誕(dan)辰100周(zhou)年,縣(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)撥款8萬元(yuan),進行全面維修。
1991年(nian)山莊公布為縣(xian)級(ji)文(wen)物保護單位。
1992年縣政(zheng)府1號政(zheng)府會議紀(ji)要明確了(le)山莊的保護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei),并決定(ding)由文化、糧食部門共同保護(hu)管理。
1996年湖(hu)南省(sheng)人民(min)政府將山莊(zhuang)公布為省(sheng)級文物(wu)保護單位(wei)。
1997年永州市人民政府將(jiang)其列為愛(ai)國主義(yi)教育基地。
2000年省文物局撥款5萬(wan)元對山莊部(bu)分建筑進行了維修。
2003年成立了唐生智故居管理(li)所,加(jia)強了保護力度。
2006年(nian)報經國(guo)務院批準,核定(ding)為全國(guo)重點文物保護單位。自五十年(nian)代以來,山莊除前院右(you)側(ce)衛(wei)兵房被拆除和(he)后(hou)側(ce)幾座雜房改(gai)建為糧庫(ku)外(wai),山莊的原布局(ju)基本保護完整,建筑也保存(cun)完好。
路線
永州(zhou)市(冷水灘)西(xi)站乘(cheng)到(dao)盧洪市鎮、花橋班(ban)車到(dao)耀祥中(zhong)學(東(dong)安(an)二中(zhong))下(xia)回走30米(mi),便可以到(dao)達樹德(de)山莊小入口,小路往里500米(mi)即到(dao)。