龍王山遺址位于湖北省荊門市東寶區子陵鋪鎮南橋村與美滿村交界處,總面積約20萬平方米,為新石器時代大溪文化晚期的文化遺存。龍王山遺址由主(zhu)遺址區(qu)(qu)和墓葬(zang)區(qu)(qu)組成(cheng),北部是(shi)居住區(qu)(qu)遺址,南(nan)部是(shi)墓葬(zang)區(qu)(qu)遺址,2007年已發掘墓葬(zang)203座。
龍(long)王山遺址于1998年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)荊門市第(di)二批(pi)重點(dian)(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位,2008年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)湖北(bei)省第(di)五批(pi)重點(dian)(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位。2013年(nian),國(guo)務院公布為(wei)龍(long)第(di)七(qi)批(pi)全國(guo)重點(dian)(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位。
龍(long)王山遺址(zhi)為新石(shi)器(qi)時代大(da)(da)(da)溪文化(hua)晚期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)文化(hua)遺存(cun),距今約5000年。墓(mu)地(di)和居址(zhi)保(bao)存(cun)較完整,且墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)顯(xian)示的(de)(de)社(she)會分化(hua)情況十分明顯(xian),其(qi)墓(mu)地(di)單墓(mu)出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)之多(duo)(duo)(duo)以及墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)形(xing)制之特別在全(quan)國都(dou)很少見。從墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品的(de)(de)數量看,僅M132中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)260件(jian)(jian),是長江中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游同時期(qi)(qi)單個墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一次性出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。這批墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品的(de)(de)放置(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)特別,絕大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)置(zhi)于墓(mu)坑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間,個別置(zhi)于墓(mu)四周。隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)有鮮明的(de)(de)特征:大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)陶器(qi)為明器(qi),且同墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同類(lei)器(qi)數量大(da)(da)(da),如在M10中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),僅陶罐(guan)就(jiu)有113件(jian)(jian);出(chu)土(tu)有精美的(de)(de)玉(yu)器(qi),1/10的(de)(de)墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)有玉(yu)器(qi)。
龍王(wang)山遺(yi)址于(yu)1998年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)荊門(men)市第(di)二批(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位,2008年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)湖北(bei)省第(di)五批(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。2013年(nian),國務院印發《關于(yu)核定并公布(bu)第(di)七(qi)(qi)批(pi)全國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位的通(tong)知》,公布(bu)了龍王(wang)山遺(yi)址為(wei)第(di)七(qi)(qi)批(pi)全國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位。