龍王山遺址位于湖北省荊門市東寶區子陵鋪鎮南橋村與美滿村交界處,總面積約20萬平方米,為新石器時代大溪文化晚期的文化遺存。龍王山(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)主遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)和(he)墓(mu)葬區(qu)組成(cheng),北(bei)部(bu)是居(ju)住區(qu)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),南部(bu)是墓(mu)葬區(qu)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),2007年已發掘(jue)墓(mu)葬203座。
龍王(wang)山(shan)遺址于1998年(nian)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)荊門市第二批重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位,2008年(nian)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)湖北(bei)省第五(wu)批重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。2013年(nian),國務院公布為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍第七批全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。
龍王山遺(yi)址為(wei)新(xin)石器(qi)時代大(da)溪文化(hua)(hua)晚期的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)存,距今約5000年。墓(mu)(mu)地和居址保存較完整(zheng),且墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)顯(xian)示的(de)(de)(de)社會分化(hua)(hua)情況十分明(ming)顯(xian),其墓(mu)(mu)地單墓(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)多(duo)以及墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)形制之(zhi)特別(bie)在全國都(dou)很(hen)少見。從墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)品的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)看,僅M132中(zhong)(zhong)就出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)260件,是(shi)長江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)游同(tong)時期單個墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)一次性(xing)出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)。這批墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)品的(de)(de)(de)放置(zhi)位置(zhi)特別(bie),絕大(da)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)置(zhi)于墓(mu)(mu)坑中(zhong)(zhong)間,個別(bie)置(zhi)于墓(mu)(mu)四周。隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)有鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng):大(da)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)陶(tao)器(qi)為(wei)明(ming)器(qi),且同(tong)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)類器(qi)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)大(da),如在M10中(zhong)(zhong),僅陶(tao)罐就有113件;出(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)有精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)玉器(qi),1/10的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)有玉器(qi)。
龍王(wang)山遺址(zhi)于(yu)1998年(nian)成為(wei)荊門(men)市第(di)(di)二批(pi)(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),2008年(nian)成為(wei)湖(hu)北省第(di)(di)五(wu)批(pi)(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。2013年(nian),國(guo)務院(yuan)印(yin)發《關于(yu)核定并公布第(di)(di)七批(pi)(pi)全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)的通知》,公布了龍王(wang)山遺址(zhi)為(wei)第(di)(di)七批(pi)(pi)全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。