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江漢關大樓怎么樣

江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓是武漢(han)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性(xing)建(jian)筑之一，位于(yu)江(jiang)漢(han)路和(he)沿(yan)江(jiang)大(da)(da)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)交匯處，左(zuo)側(ce)與沿(yan)江(jiang)大(da)(da)道平(ping)行(xing)，正門朝(chao)東。1861年(nian)(nian)，英國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)根據(ju)《中英天(tian)津(jin)條約》第(di)10款，迫使清(qing)政(zheng)府(fu)將(jiang)鎮江(jiang)、九江(jiang)、漢(han)口辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)對外(wai)(wai)貿易口岸，并分(fen)設(she)海(hai)關(guan)(guan)。漢(han)口海(hai)關(guan)(guan)——江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)1861年(nian)(nian)11月成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)。1922年(nian)(nian)11月4日，江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)60周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)，該樓舉行(xing)奠(dian)基典禮，1924年(nian)(nian)1月21日落成(cheng)(cheng)。共(gong)耗銀100萬兩(liang)，由英資思九生洋行(xing)設(she)計并監督，上海(hai)魏清(qing)記(ji)營造廠承包(bao)。這(zhe)幢4層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓座(zuo)落在(zai)突出江(jiang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)段，方(fang)便(bian)監視江(jiang)面(mian)(mian)活動(dong)；同時(shi)(shi)巧妙地(di)(di)構成(cheng)(cheng)了這(zhe)兩(liang)條馬路的(de)(de)(de)(de)對景(jing)。大(da)(da)樓占地(di)(di)1499平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，建(jian)筑面(mian)(mian)積4009平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，總高度46.3米(mi)，鐘(zhong)樓頂端高出地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)83.8米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)武漢(han)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)較高建(jian)筑。由英國(guo)建(jian)筑師景(jing)明設(she)計，恒紀建(jian)筑公司承建(jian)，1922年(nian)(nian)動(dong)工，1924年(nian)(nian)落成(cheng)(cheng)。占地(di)(di)1400平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)，高約40米(mi)，鐘(zhong)樓頂端高出地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)83.8米(mi)。整個建(jian)筑具有歐洲文藝復興時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流行(xing)風格。底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)主體建(jian)筑為(wei)(wei)(wei)正方(fang)形五層(ceng)(ceng)結(jie)構，外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)用麻石(shi)砌筑，底(di)(di)墻(qiang)厚約1至2米(mi)，正門有兩(liang)人合(he)抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻石(shi)圓柱8根，門前的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)階有23級，上面(mian)(mian)還有漢(han)白玉踏步(bu)5級;莊重雄(xiong)偉(wei)。底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)長方(fang)形建(jian)筑。再上為(wei)(wei)(wei)因層(ceng)(ceng)20米(mi)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)樓:底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)擺砣室(shi)，二層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)機件(jian)室(shi)，三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)時(shi)(shi)針室(shi)，上層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)七個音階組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)音響(xiang)室(shi)。

鐘樓(lou)的四面(mian)都有(you)直徑(jing)約4米的鐘面(mian)，針長1.7米。晴(qing)朗天氣(qi)，十里以外(wai)可見。按刻奏樂(le)、按時(shi)打(da)點的鐘聲亦遠播數里，解放前所(suo)奏樂(le)曲為(wei)(wei)英國女(nv)王(wang)加冕(mian)時(shi)演奏的《女(nv)王(wang)萬歲(sui)(sui)》 。在大樓(lou)的奠基石上，也刻著(zhu)擔任我(wo)國總稅務(wu)(wu)司職務(wu)(wu)的英國人(ren)安(an)格聯的名字。到處都打(da)上了(le)英國殖民者迫使我(wo)國開漢口(kou)(kou)為(wei)(wei)商埠(bu)、并且(qie)牢牢控制我(wo)漢口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)關(當時(shi)稱(cheng)江漢關)主權的印記。解放后，人(ren)民政府接(jie)管了(le)海(hai)(hai)關，并且(qie)正式定名為(wei)(wei)武漢關，曾(ceng)用(yong)《東方紅》樂(le)曲取代了(le)《女(nv)王(wang)萬歲(sui)(sui)》。江漢關大樓(lou)是(shi)武漢海(hai)(hai)關辦公處所(suo)。

大樓(lou)臨江(jiang)一(yi)側的底層外(wai)墻上，嵌(qian)有三(san)塊(kuai)銅牌：一(yi)塊(kuai)是揚子江(jiang)技術委員會(hui)標識(shi)的武(wu)(wu)漢(han)(han)海拔高度，字跡模糊、無法(fa)辨認(ren);一(yi)塊(kuai)上刻(ke)“民國廿年(nian)(nian)八月十九日(ri)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)最高點53.65英(ying)(ying)尺”，這(zhe)(zhe)是當年(nian)(nian)漢(han)(han)口(kou)被(bei)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淹沒時的最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)；另一(yi)塊(kuai)上刻(ke)“1954年(nian)(nian)8月18日(ri)下(xia)午3時，最高洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)29.73米(以(yi)吳松為零點)”，是當年(nian)(nian)武(wu)(wu)漢(han)(han)市水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利局標記的那次特大洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)。在這(zhe)(zhe)座大樓(lou)建成以(yi)前，江(jiang)漢(han)(han)關署設在今天津路下(xia)首市政(zheng)協(xie)大樓(lou)之(zhi)前的英(ying)(ying)國領事館駐地。

大(da)樓(lou)設(she)計考慮了長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)水位對建筑的影響，其(qi)基(ji)礎(chu)高于長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)平均洪水位標高，在1931年(nian)、1954年(nian)的兩次大(da)水中，大(da)樓(lou)受(shou)漬，而(er)室內安然無恙。

江漢關大樓景區介紹

典范建筑

大樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)屬于文藝復興式(shi)樣(yang)，三(san)段式(shi)構(gou)圖(tu)，中部(bu)設有典雅的鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)四面裝有直(zhi)(zhi)徑4米(mi)的時(shi)鐘(zhong)，準(zhun)點的鐘(zhong)聲一直(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)成武漢(han)(han)城市生活的一部(bu)分。花(hua)崗巖外墻(qiang)，堅固壯觀，東、西、北(bei)三(san)個(ge)立面墻(qiang)均(jun)有花(hua)崗石柱廊，采用科林(lin)斯柱式(shi)，北(bei)面的8根石柱直(zhi)(zhi)徑1.5米(mi)。江漢(han)(han)關大樓(lou)(lou)(lou)是武漢(han)(han)古典復興風格(ge)的典范建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。大樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)鋼筋混(hun)凝土結構(gou)，主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)4層(ceng)(ceng)，底層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)半地(di)下室。鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)亦為(wei)4層(ceng)(ceng)，頂端高出地(di)面83.8米(mi)，在當時(shi)是武漢(han)(han)三(san)鎮(zhen)的第二高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。

大(da)樓采用(yong)(yong)鋼筋混凝土(tu)筏式(shi)基(ji)礎。以前(qian)武漢地區(qu)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)大(da)都(dou)是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)條石(shi)基(ji)礎，自(zi)19世(shi)紀末水泥引進武漢，鋼筋混凝土(tu)亦相應引進以逐步取代條石(shi)基(ji)礎。外墻用(yong)(yong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)壘砌，大(da)樓的(de)(de)(de)東、西(xi)、北三(san)方均帶花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)廊柱，飾以變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)古典“科(ke)林斯(si)”柱頭(tou)。這些花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)都(dou)是(shi)湖南出產的(de)(de)(de)，上面(mian)(mian)(mian)刻有(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)紋線條，堅(jian)固而(er)壯觀。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)對租界區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)北面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)8根廊柱，高約10米(mi)，直徑1.5米(mi)，要兩個人才能合抱過來。人們來到(dao)它的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)前(qian)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)對通向大(da)門的(de)(de)(de)28級臺階和并排而(er)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)廊柱，皆能感受到(dao)威嚴和莊(zhuang)重。大(da)樓立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)設計運用(yong)(yong)三(san)段式(shi)構圖手法，利用(yong)(yong)鐘樓突出中心入口，表現(xian)古典主(zhu)義風格；墻面(mian)(mian)(mian)、山花(hua)(hua)(hua)、窗(chuang)楣和入口半圓形(xing)拱(gong)門的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理，表現(xian)出西(xi)方文藝復興時典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)風格。大(da)樓的(de)(de)(de)后面(mian)(mian)(mian)，則可見(jian)它的(de)(de)(de)南面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)開(kai)口的(de)(de)(de)，使(shi)建筑(zhu)物呈三(san)合院布局。這可能是(shi)設計時考慮(lv)到(dao)此面(mian)(mian)(mian)與舊(jiu)市區(qu)接攘，如此設計更能顯出與周邊的(de)(de)(de)和諧。

這棟大樓從二層(ceng)到四層(ceng)都建有內(nei)廊(lang)，鏤空黑色鐵欄連接著(zhu)花崗石廊(lang)柱(zhu)，剛(gang)與柔的反(fan)差(cha)，粗與細的嵌(qian)合，可以說是鬼斧神工。

江漢關(guan)的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)有(you)20米(mi)高，也(ye)有(you)4層(ceng)(ceng)，底層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺砣室(shi)，二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機件室(shi)，三層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時針(zhen)室(shi)，上層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)7個(ge)音階組成的(de)(de)音響室(shi)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內設鋼梯，拾級而上，可直達頂層(ceng)(ceng)；鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)外墻，四(si)面均嵌設著(zhu)巨大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面，直徑逾3米(mi)，針(zhen)長1.7米(mi)。晴朗天氣，十里(li)以(yi)外可見。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上還設有(you)風向儀，中(zhong)間鑲有(you)一(yi)座鎏金英國帆船。整個(ge)設計風格是英國特有(you)的(de)(de)形式，典雅壯觀。

鐘樓

江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓內有不同音(yin)(yin)階的(de)(de)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)7個(ge)，大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)美(mei)國蔡司脫斯鐘(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)公司制造，大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)到(dao)武漢(han)(han)后(hou)，由漢(han)(han)口亨(heng)達利鐘(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)行安裝。大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)除報時(shi)外(wai)，每一(yi)刻(ke)鐘(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)奏鳴一(yi)遍英國《威斯敏斯特(te)教堂(tang)》的(de)(de)主旋律(lv)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲洪亮，傳播力(li)和(he)穿透力(li)極(ji)強，即使在(zai)市面(mian)喧嚷(rang)時(shi)，方(fang)圓數里內亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)聞(wen)聽；如(ru)果在(zai)夜深人(ren)靜時(shi)，三鎮(zhen)均可(ke)(ke)(ke)聽到(dao)它的(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)樂和(he)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲。在(zai)大(da)樓正面(mian)主樓頂端(duan)(duan)鑲嵌(qian)著“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)”三個(ge)大(da)字(zi)(zi)，鐵畫銀鉤(gou)，氣勢恢(hui)宏(hong)，頗為(wei)(wei)(wei)壯觀。使大(da)樓為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)增輝。這三個(ge)字(zi)(zi)出自曾任(ren)湖北省教育廳廳長(chang)、著名(ming)書法家宗彝之(zhi)(zhi)手。宗彝初習顏柳，后(hou)摹(mo)魏(wei)碑，善(shan)寫斗方(fang)，筆(bi)力(li)遒勁，人(ren)皆(jie)視(shi)其作(zuo)品為(wei)(wei)(wei)墨寶。為(wei)(wei)(wei)寫江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)三個(ge)字(zi)(zi)，他(ta)數易其稿，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)那時(shi)還(huan)是繁體(ti)字(zi)(zi)，“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)筆(bi)劃少，“漢(han)(han)、關(guan)(guan)”兩字(zi)(zi)筆(bi)劃多(duo)，三個(ge)字(zi)(zi)難(nan)以(yi)協(xie)調(diao)。但(dan)宗彝沒有被此(ci)難(nan)住，最(zui)后(hou)他(ta)一(yi)揮而就，為(wei)(wei)(wei)世人(ren)留下了千古之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)三字(zi)(zi)，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)贈他(ta)潤筆(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)紋銀500兩。足見其字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)份(fen)量與(yu)(yu)珍貴。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)選(xuan)址可(ke)(ke)(ke)稱神來(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)。它直面(mian)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水，立于江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)路與(yu)(yu)沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)道的(de)(de)交(jiao)匯處，鎮(zhen)守于老租(zu)(zu)界區之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)端(duan)(duan)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)北視(shi)整個(ge)租(zu)(zu)界區及其所臨(lin)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)，南(nan)望漢(han)(han)水的(de)(de)入江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口，甚(shen)至可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)觀察到(dao)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)漢(han)(han)水航運(yun)動靜，可(ke)(ke)(ke)謂扼三鎮(zhen)兩江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)航道之(zhi)(zhi)咽喉。無論北來(lai)巨(ju)輪還(huan)是東(dong)進舟(zhou)楫，都可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)距武漢(han)(han)尚遠時(shi)，最(zui)先看(kan)到(dao)它的(de)(de)身影，聽到(dao)它的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)樓作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)時(shi)代的(de)(de)代表(biao)，聆聽過中國人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)悲泣(qi)與(yu)(yu)歡歌(ge)，見證著中華(hua)民(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)興衰(shuai)和(he)榮辱。

江漢關(guan)大樓(lou)(lou)著名的(de)是它高聳的(de)鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)和大鐘(zhong)。大樓(lou)(lou)安裝(zhuang)大鐘(zhong)起步于19世紀下半葉(xie)，1893年竣(jun)工的(de)教堂(tang)式江漢關(guan)大樓(lou)(lou)上安裝(zhuang)了一座(zuo)海關(guan)大鐘(zhong)。

為何安裝大(da)鐘有幾種(zhong)說法，其一，1893年建造(zao)的(de)海關大(da)樓是當(dang)時外灘較高建筑物(wu)，由吳淞口(kou)駛(shi)入黃浦江外國(guo)輪船，在(zai)很(hen)遠處就看到了(le)海關大(da)樓并聽到了(le)鐘聲(sheng)，很(hen)快將進(jin)港靠(kao)泊辦理船舶入境(jing)海關手續和裝卸進(jin)出口(kou)貨物(wu)，起(qi)到航標和燈塔作(zuo)用；其二，高聳的(de)江漢(han)關大(da)樓和婉轉的(de)鐘聲(sheng)給城市(shi)帶來(lai)生活(huo)立(li)體(ti)感節奏和旅(lv)游景致的(de)點綴；其三，江漢(han)關大(da)樓安裝大(da)鐘有其歷史(shi)原因和海關自身業務工作(zuo)的(de)需(xu)要。

從(cong)19世紀開始(shi)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)學習西方國(guo)家海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)以天(tian)數(shu)(shu)計(ji)算(suan)船(chuan)(chuan)舶噸(dun)稅辦法，超(chao)過夜里12點鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就另加1天(tian)，由于進(jin)出(chu)口船(chuan)(chuan)舶來(lai)自(zi)(zi)世界各地，船(chuan)(chuan)舶自(zi)(zi)備時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)誤差很大(da)(da)(da)(da)，經常引起爭議，為了(le)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)報(bao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，皆(jie)以海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)敲點為準(zhun)，1893年建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)江漢(han)關(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)已安裝大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，此后(hou)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)粵海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、潮海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)等大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)也(ye)都(dou)(dou)安裝大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1925年武(wu)漢(han)投資(zi)430萬兩白(bai)銀建(jian)造(zao)新大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，稅務司(si)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)監督(du)決心重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)全(quan)國(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、世界聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。兩年后(hou)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由英國(guo)Whitchurch公司(si)設計(ji)制造(zao)，總造(zao)價為5000多(duo)(duo)兩白(bai)銀，1927年制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，同年8月從(cong)倫敦(dun)運到上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，原包裝木箱連同大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6.25噸(dun)，把6噸(dun)多(duo)(duo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)木箱吊(diao)到72米(mi)多(duo)(duo)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，外(wai)灘馬路行人(ren)都(dou)(dou)停步觀望之吊(diao)裝奇景。1928年元旦敲響(xiang)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲，逢(feng)刻“奏威(wei)斯敏斯特樂曲”。這座大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，亞洲(zhou)名(ming)列第一(yi)(yi)(yi)，世界名(ming)列第三。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂部為逐級(ji)收攏(long)的(de)(de)(de)四面(mian)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，每日準(zhun)確(que)、悠揚的(de)(de)(de)報(bao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲使(shi)之與南側原匯豐銀行大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年代外(wai)灘建(jian)筑(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)核心建(jian)筑(zhu)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)旗桿位置(zhi)(zhi)北緯31°14’20.38，東經121°29’0.02，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為20世紀20年代上(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地理位置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)標志點，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)是外(wai)灘建(jian)筑(zhu)中較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)、氣(qi)派(pai)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)分(fen)機(ji)芯房、銅鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)座、旗桿臺三層。機(ji)芯房是大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)心臟部分(fen)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百上(shang)千(qian)個齒輪互(hu)相咬合(he)，直徑超(chao)過12mm的(de)(de)(de)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)繩代替(ti)了(le)普通鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)中精細的(de)(de)(de)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)。鋼絲(si)(si)(si)繩下(xia)面(mian)連著(zhu)三個巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺(bai)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個敲正(zheng)點，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個負責走時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個負責報(bao)刻，最大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺(bai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達1噸(dun)多(duo)(duo)。四周(zhou)四個鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)，每面(mian)都(dou)(dou)用(yong)100多(duo)(duo)塊0.3-1米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)乳(ru)白(bai)色鋼化玻璃(li)(li)拼成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。根據資(zi)料顯示，這種玻璃(li)(li)是特制的(de)(de)(de)，當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)有德國(guo)等極少(shao)數(shu)(shu)國(guo)家才能研制（現(xian)今中國(guo)也(ye)能制造(zao)這種玻璃(li)(li)了(le)）。每個鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)直徑為5.4米(mi)，裝有自(zi)(zi)動(dong)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)電燈72盞，晚上(shang)通體(ti)明亮(liang)，碩大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字在幾里外(wai)也(ye)清晰可見。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)銅分(fen)針長(chang)(chang)3.17米(mi)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)49公斤(jin)；紫(zi)銅時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)針長(chang)(chang)2.3米(mi)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)37.5公斤(jin)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)發條用(yong)0.01米(mi)粗的(de)(de)(de)鋼絲(si)(si)(si)組絞，長(chang)(chang)156米(mi)。每周(zhou)開鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)發條3次，每次要4人(ren)操(cao)作1小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you)才能完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（現(xian)已改(gai)為電動(dong)）。機(ji)器房的(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)有1口大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、4口小鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每隔15分(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，4口小鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就響(xiang)起叮(ding)咚叮(ding)鐺之聲，每隔1小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，1個135公斤(jin)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)銅錘便敲擊(ji)幾噸(dun)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發出(chu)雄壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)聲響(xiang)，持續10秒(miao)左右(you)。

1928年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日凌晨1點，海(hai)關大(da)鐘(zhong)敲(qiao)響了第一聲，一直以英國(guo)皇(huang)家名(ming)曲《威斯(si)敏(min)斯(si)特(te)(te)教堂》報刻(ke)。武漢市政(zheng)府(fu)決定必須進行“改裝”。于是鐘(zhong)面的(de)(de)中心部分從(cong)4只圓圈玻(bo)璃圖案變成了“金黃(huang)色的(de)(de)向日葵”，報刻(ke)的(de)(de)《威斯(si)敏(min)斯(si)特(te)(te)教堂》，改為電子打點和(he)奏(zou)樂，鐘(zhong)鈴端每邊(bian)置放12只擴(kuo)音器(qi)，四面共放48只擴(kuo)音器(qi)，按(an)時向全市播放。1986年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)英國(guo)女皇(huang)伊麗(li)沙(sha)白(bai)二世來訪，經(jing)批準，決定將海(hai)關鐘(zhong)樓恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)原狀(zhuang)，又從(cong)國(guo)外進口了相同的(de)(de)玻(bo)璃。滬(hu)東造船廠特(te)(te)地趕制(zhi)了大(da)鐘(zhong)里(li)面的(de)(de)鐵框架，專供拼裝一塊塊玻(bo)璃之用，鐘(zhong)面恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)原狀(zhuang)，機械打點也(ye)恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)，，海(hai)關鐘(zhong)樓又響起了《威斯(si)敏(min)斯(si)特(te)(te)教堂》樂曲。

歷史沿革

最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)是1845年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)，被稱(cheng)為“新關(guan)(guan)”、“北關(guan)(guan)”、“新北關(guan)(guan)”，也稱(cheng)“江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)北關(guan)(guan)”。江(jiang)(jiang)海北關(guan)(guan)是一幢典型的(de)(de)(de)中國官衙(ya)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈凹字(zi)形(xing)(xing)，三進(jin)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)房(fang)，正檐翹角，歇山頂(ding)，屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)有一座小閣。大(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)為牌樓(lou)(lou)(lou)式(shi)(shi)，門(men)(men)楣上(shang)書“江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)北關(guan)(guan)”4個字(zi)。據說，該(gai)字(zi)出于兩(liang)江(jiang)(jiang)總督怡(yi)良之手筆(bi)。到19世紀80一90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代，外灘的(de)(de)(de)原有建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)多被翻建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。“江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)北關(guan)(guan)”與四(si)(si)周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相比，顯得(de)寒酸。1891年(nian)(nian)(nian)，江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)已由英國人(ren)(ren)(ren)赫德掌權(quan)，所以請(qing)英國工程師設(she)計(ji)，由浦東(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)楊斯(si)盛的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)造廠承建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，于1893年(nian)(nian)(nian)上(shang)海開埠50周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)時落成。新江(jiang)(jiang)海北關(guan)(guan)沿(yan)用(yong)了舊(jiu)址的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與舊(jiu)關(guan)(guan)基(ji)本相近(jin)，為凹字(zi)形(xing)(xing)，磚木結(jie)構，中間有6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)方形(xing)(xing)鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)南(nan)北兩(liang)邊(bian)各有假4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)房(fang)相對，大(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)兩(liang)旁圍墻上(shang)加鐵欄桿(gan)。1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)，新的(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)北關(guan)(guan)再一次(ci)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，請(qing)匯豐(feng)銀行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)者威爾遜設(she)計(ji)，是年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月奠(dian)基(ji)，至1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月9日落成。大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)占地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為5722平(ping)方米，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為32680平(ping)方米。大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)分東(dong)、西(xi)兩(liang)部分，東(dong)部面(mian)(mian)(mian)對長江(jiang)(jiang)，高(gao)11層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，主體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)；西(xi)部直達(da)四(si)(si)川中路，高(gao)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，鋼框架(jia)結(jie)構，底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)外墻用(yong)花崗石寬縫砌就(jiu)，其(qi)他各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)用(yong)金(jin)山石貼(tie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)為古希臘(la)神(shen)廟形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，4根經典的(de)(de)(de)希臘(la)多立克柱支撐(cheng)起龐大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，柱子上(shang)端為方形(xing)(xing)，雕刻花紋(wen)，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)以神(shen)圣不可(ke)侵犯(fan)的(de)(de)(de)感覺(jue)。