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江漢關大樓怎么樣

江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)樓(lou)是武漢(han)(han)市(shi)的(de)(de)標(biao)志性建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)一(yi)，位于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)路和沿(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)道的(de)(de)交匯處，左側與(yu)沿(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)道平(ping)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，正門(men)朝東。1861年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)(ying)國(guo)政府根(gen)據《中(zhong)英(ying)(ying)天津(jin)條(tiao)約(yue)(yue)》第10款(kuan)，迫使清政府將(jiang)鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、九(jiu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、漢(han)(han)口辟為(wei)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)貿易口岸，并分設海(hai)關(guan)(guan)。漢(han)(han)口海(hai)關(guan)(guan)——江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)1861年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)。1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)4日，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)60周年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)，該樓(lou)舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)奠(dian)基典禮，1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)21日落成(cheng)(cheng)。共耗銀100萬兩，由英(ying)(ying)資思九(jiu)生洋行(xing)(xing)(xing)設計并監督，上(shang)海(hai)魏清記營(ying)造廠(chang)承包。這幢(chuang)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)海(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)樓(lou)座落在突出(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)的(de)(de)地段，方便監視(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)活動(dong)；同時(shi)(shi)巧妙地構成(cheng)(cheng)了這兩條(tiao)馬路的(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)景(jing)。大(da)樓(lou)占地1499平(ping)方米，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積4009平(ping)方米，總高度46.3米，鐘(zhong)樓(lou)頂端高出(chu)地面(mian)83.8米，為(wei)武漢(han)(han)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)較高建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。由英(ying)(ying)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)師景(jing)明設計，恒紀建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)公司承建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)動(dong)工，1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)落成(cheng)(cheng)。占地1400平(ping)方米，高約(yue)(yue)40米，鐘(zhong)樓(lou)頂端高出(chu)地面(mian)83.8米。整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)具有歐洲(zhou)文藝復興時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)風格。底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)正方形五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)結構，外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)用麻(ma)石砌(qi)筑(zhu)，底(di)墻(qiang)厚約(yue)(yue)1至2米，正門(men)有兩人合抱的(de)(de)麻(ma)石圓(yuan)柱8根(gen)，門(men)前的(de)(de)臺階有23級(ji)，上(shang)面(mian)還有漢(han)(han)白玉踏步(bu)5級(ji);莊重雄偉。底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)為(wei)長方形建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。再上(shang)為(wei)因層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)20米高的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)樓(lou):底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大(da)鐘(zhong)擺(bai)砣室(shi)，二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大(da)鐘(zhong)機件室(shi)，三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)大(da)鐘(zhong)時(shi)(shi)針室(shi)，上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)七個(ge)音(yin)階組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)音(yin)響室(shi)。

鐘樓(lou)的四面都(dou)(dou)有直(zhi)徑約(yue)4米的鐘面，針長1.7米。晴朗天氣，十里(li)以外可見。按(an)刻奏樂(le)、按(an)時(shi)打點的鐘聲(sheng)亦(yi)遠(yuan)播數里(li)，解放前所奏樂(le)曲(qu)為英(ying)國(guo)女(nv)王加冕(mian)時(shi)演(yan)奏的《女(nv)王萬(wan)歲》 。在大(da)(da)樓(lou)的奠(dian)基石上，也刻著擔任(ren)我國(guo)總稅務(wu)司職(zhi)務(wu)的英(ying)國(guo)人(ren)安格聯(lian)的名字。到處都(dou)(dou)打上了英(ying)國(guo)殖民者(zhe)迫使我國(guo)開漢(han)口(kou)為商埠、并且(qie)牢牢控制(zhi)我漢(han)口(kou)海關(guan)(當時(shi)稱江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan))主(zhu)權的印(yin)記(ji)。解放后，人(ren)民政府接管了海關(guan)，并且(qie)正式定名為武(wu)漢(han)關(guan)，曾用《東方紅》樂(le)曲(qu)取代了《女(nv)王萬(wan)歲》。江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)是(shi)武(wu)漢(han)海關(guan)辦公處所。

大樓臨江(jiang)(jiang)一(yi)側(ce)的底層外墻上(shang)，嵌有(you)三塊(kuai)銅(tong)牌(pai)：一(yi)塊(kuai)是揚子江(jiang)(jiang)技術委員(yuan)會標識的武漢(han)(han)海拔高度(du)，字跡模(mo)糊(hu)、無法(fa)辨認;一(yi)塊(kuai)上(shang)刻“民國廿年(nian)八月十九日大水最(zui)高點53.65英(ying)尺(chi)”，這是當年(nian)漢(han)(han)口(kou)被洪水淹沒時的最(zui)高水位(wei)；另(ling)一(yi)塊(kuai)上(shang)刻“1954年(nian)8月18日下(xia)(xia)午3時，最(zui)高洪水位(wei)29.73米(以吳松為(wei)零點)”，是當年(nian)武漢(han)(han)市水利(li)局標記的那(nei)次特大洪水的最(zui)高水位(wei)。在(zai)(zai)這座大樓建成以前(qian)，江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)關(guan)署設在(zai)(zai)今(jin)天津(jin)路下(xia)(xia)首(shou)市政(zheng)協大樓之前(qian)的英(ying)國領事館駐地。

大樓設(she)計考慮了長江(jiang)水位(wei)對(dui)建筑的(de)影響，其基礎(chu)高于長江(jiang)平均洪水位(wei)標高，在1931年(nian)、1954年(nian)的(de)兩次(ci)大水中，大樓受漬，而室內(nei)安(an)然無恙(yang)。

江漢關大樓景區介紹

典范建筑

大樓(lou)的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)屬(shu)于文藝復興式樣(yang)，三段式構圖，中(zhong)部設有(you)典(dian)雅(ya)的鐘(zhong)樓(lou)，鐘(zhong)樓(lou)四面裝有(you)直(zhi)徑4米(mi)的時(shi)鐘(zhong)，準點的鐘(zhong)聲一直(zhi)構成武漢城市(shi)生活的一部分。花崗巖外墻，堅固壯觀，東、西、北三個立面墻均有(you)花崗石(shi)柱(zhu)廊，采用(yong)科林(lin)斯柱(zhu)式，北面的8根石(shi)柱(zhu)直(zhi)徑1.5米(mi)。江漢關大樓(lou)是武漢古典(dian)復興風(feng)格(ge)的典(dian)范建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。大樓(lou)為鋼筋混凝土結構，主樓(lou)4層(ceng)，底層(ceng)為半地(di)下室。鐘(zhong)樓(lou)亦為4層(ceng)，頂端高(gao)出地(di)面83.8米(mi)，在當時(shi)是武漢三鎮的第(di)二高(gao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。

大樓(lou)(lou)采(cai)用(yong)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)筏式基礎。以(yi)前武漢地區較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑大都是(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)條石(shi)(shi)基礎，自19世紀末水泥引(yin)進武漢，鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)亦相應(ying)引(yin)進以(yi)逐步取代條石(shi)(shi)基礎。外(wai)墻(qiang)用(yong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)(shi)壘(lei)砌，大樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東、西、北(bei)三方均帶花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)(shi)廊(lang)柱，飾以(yi)變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古典(dian)“科林斯”柱頭(tou)。這(zhe)(zhe)些花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗石(shi)(shi)都是(shi)(shi)湖南(nan)出(chu)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)，上面(mian)(mian)刻有花(hua)(hua)(hua)紋線(xian)條，堅固而壯觀。尤其是(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)對(dui)租界區的(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)8根廊(lang)柱，高約10米，直徑1.5米，要兩個人才能(neng)合(he)抱過來。人們來到(dao)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)前，面(mian)(mian)對(dui)通(tong)向(xiang)大門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)28級臺階和(he)并排而立的(de)(de)(de)(de)廊(lang)柱，皆能(neng)感受到(dao)威嚴和(he)莊重(zhong)。大樓(lou)(lou)立面(mian)(mian)設計運用(yong)三段(duan)式構圖手(shou)法，利用(yong)鐘樓(lou)(lou)突(tu)出(chu)中心入口，表現(xian)(xian)古典(dian)主義風格；墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)、山花(hua)(hua)(hua)、窗楣和(he)入口半圓形(xing)拱門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理，表現(xian)(xian)出(chu)西方文藝復興時典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑風格。大樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后面(mian)(mian)，則可(ke)見(jian)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)開口的(de)(de)(de)(de)，使建筑物呈三合(he)院布局。這(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)設計時考慮到(dao)此(ci)(ci)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)舊市區接攘，如此(ci)(ci)設計更能(neng)顯(xian)出(chu)與(yu)周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)諧。

這棟大樓從二層到四(si)層都(dou)建有(you)內(nei)廊(lang)，鏤(lou)空黑(hei)色(se)鐵欄(lan)連接著花崗(gang)石廊(lang)柱，剛與(yu)柔的反差，粗與(yu)細(xi)的嵌合，可以說是鬼斧神(shen)工。

江漢關(guan)的(de)鐘(zhong)樓有(you)20米高，也有(you)4層(ceng)，底層(ceng)為大(da)鐘(zhong)擺砣室(shi)，二層(ceng)為大(da)鐘(zhong)機件室(shi)，三層(ceng)為大(da)鐘(zhong)時針室(shi)，上(shang)層(ceng)為7個音階組成的(de)音響室(shi)。鐘(zhong)樓內設鋼梯，拾級而上(shang)，可直(zhi)達頂層(ceng)；鐘(zhong)樓的(de)外墻，四面均嵌設著巨(ju)大(da)鐘(zhong)面，直(zhi)徑逾(yu)3米，針長1.7米。晴朗天氣，十里以外可見。鐘(zhong)樓上(shang)還設有(you)風向儀(yi)，中間(jian)鑲有(you)一座鎏金(jin)英國(guo)帆(fan)船(chuan)。整個設計風格(ge)是英國(guo)特(te)有(you)的(de)形(xing)式，典雅壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。

鐘樓

江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)內有(you)不(bu)同音階的(de)大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)7個(ge)，大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)美國(guo)蔡司(si)脫斯鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表公司(si)制造(zao)，大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運到武(wu)漢(han)(han)(han)后，由漢(han)(han)(han)口亨(heng)達利鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表行安(an)裝。大(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)除(chu)報時外(wai)，每一(yi)刻鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)奏鳴(ming)一(yi)遍英國(guo)《威(wei)斯敏斯特教堂》的(de)主旋律。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲洪亮，傳播力(li)和(he)穿透力(li)極強(qiang)，即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)市面喧嚷(rang)時，方(fang)圓(yuan)數里內亦(yi)可(ke)聞聽(ting)；如果在(zai)夜深人靜(jing)時，三鎮均可(ke)聽(ting)到它(ta)的(de)音樂和(he)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲。在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)正面主樓(lou)(lou)頂端(duan)鑲嵌(qian)著(zhu)“江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)”三個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，鐵畫銀鉤，氣勢恢宏，頗(po)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壯(zhuang)觀。使(shi)大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)增(zeng)輝。這三個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)出自曾任(ren)湖北省教育(yu)廳(ting)廳(ting)長(chang)、著(zhu)名書法家(jia)宗(zong)彝(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)手。宗(zong)彝(yi)初習(xi)顏(yan)柳(liu)，后摹魏碑，善寫斗方(fang)，筆(bi)力(li)遒勁，人皆(jie)視(shi)其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)品為(wei)(wei)(wei)墨(mo)寶(bao)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)寫江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)三個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，他數易(yi)其(qi)(qi)稿，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)那時還(huan)是繁(fan)體字(zi)(zi)(zi)，“江(jiang)(jiang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)筆(bi)劃(hua)少，“漢(han)(han)(han)、關(guan)(guan)”兩(liang)字(zi)(zi)(zi)筆(bi)劃(hua)多，三個(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)難以協(xie)調(diao)。但宗(zong)彝(yi)沒有(you)被此(ci)(ci)(ci)難住，最(zui)后他一(yi)揮而就，為(wei)(wei)(wei)世人留(liu)下(xia)了千古之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)三字(zi)(zi)(zi)，江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)贈(zeng)他潤筆(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)紋銀500兩(liang)。足見(jian)其(qi)(qi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)份量與珍貴。江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)的(de)選址可(ke)稱神來之(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)。它(ta)直面江(jiang)(jiang)水，立于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)路與沿江(jiang)(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)的(de)交匯處，鎮守于(yu)老租(zu)界區之(zhi)(zhi)南端(duan)，可(ke)北視(shi)整個(ge)租(zu)界區及其(qi)(qi)所臨江(jiang)(jiang)面，南望漢(han)(han)(han)水的(de)入(ru)江(jiang)(jiang)口，甚至可(ke)以觀察到長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)漢(han)(han)(han)水航運動靜(jing)，可(ke)謂(wei)扼三鎮兩(liang)江(jiang)(jiang)航道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)咽喉。無論北來巨輪還(huan)是東進(jin)舟(zhou)楫，都可(ke)在(zai)距武(wu)漢(han)(han)(han)尚遠時，最(zui)先看(kan)到它(ta)的(de)身影，聽(ting)到它(ta)的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲。江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)個(ge)時代的(de)代表，聆聽(ting)過中(zhong)國(guo)人民的(de)悲泣與歡歌，見(jian)證著(zhu)中(zhong)華民族的(de)興衰(shuai)和(he)榮辱。

江漢(han)關大(da)樓(lou)著名的(de)是它高聳的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)和大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)。大(da)樓(lou)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)起步于19世(shi)紀(ji)下半葉，1893年竣工的(de)教堂式江漢(han)關大(da)樓(lou)上(shang)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)了一座海關大(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)。

為何(he)安(an)(an)裝大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)有幾(ji)種說(shuo)法，其一(yi)，1893年建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)是當時外(wai)(wai)灘較高(gao)建(jian)筑物，由吳淞(song)口(kou)駛(shi)入黃浦江(jiang)外(wai)(wai)國輪船，在很遠處就(jiu)看到(dao)了海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)并聽到(dao)了鐘(zhong)聲，很快將進(jin)港(gang)靠泊辦(ban)理船舶(bo)入境海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)手續和裝卸進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)貨物，起(qi)到(dao)航標(biao)和燈塔作用；其二(er)，高(gao)聳的(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)漢關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)和婉轉的(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)聲給城市帶來生活立(li)體感(gan)節奏(zou)和旅游景致的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)綴；其三，江(jiang)漢關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)安(an)(an)裝大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)有其歷史原因和海(hai)(hai)關(guan)(guan)自身(shen)業務(wu)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。

從(cong)(cong)19世紀開(kai)始，海(hai)關(guan)(guan)學習西方國家海(hai)關(guan)(guan)以天(tian)數計(ji)算船(chuan)舶噸(dun)(dun)稅辦(ban)法，超(chao)過夜里12點(dian)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就另加1天(tian)，由于進出口船(chuan)舶來自(zi)世界(jie)各地，船(chuan)舶自(zi)備(bei)時(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)誤差很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，經(jing)常(chang)引起(qi)爭議，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)統一(yi)(yi)報時(shi)，皆以海(hai)關(guan)(guan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)敲點(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)準，1893年(nian)建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)漢關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)已安裝(zhuang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，此后(hou)建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粵(yue)海(hai)關(guan)(guan)、潮海(hai)關(guan)(guan)等(deng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)也都(dou)安裝(zhuang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1925年(nian)武漢投資(zi)430萬兩白銀(yin)(yin)建(jian)造(zao)新大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)時(shi)，稅務司和海(hai)關(guan)(guan)監督決(jue)心重(zhong)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)只全國較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、世界(jie)聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。兩年(nian)后(hou)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)同(tong)時(shi)建(jian)成(cheng)。海(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由英國Whitchurch公(gong)司設計(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)，總造(zao)價為(wei)(wei)(wei)5000多(duo)(duo)兩白銀(yin)(yin)，1927年(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)，同(tong)年(nian)8月從(cong)(cong)倫敦運(yun)到(dao)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)，原(yuan)包裝(zhuang)木箱連同(tong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共重(zhong)6.25噸(dun)(dun)，把6噸(dun)(dun)多(duo)(duo)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)木箱吊到(dao)72米(mi)(mi)多(duo)(duo)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)時(shi)，外(wai)灘馬路行(xing)人都(dou)停步觀望之(zhi)吊裝(zhuang)奇景。1928年(nian)元旦敲響第(di)一(yi)(yi)聲，逢刻“奏(zou)威斯敏斯特(te)樂曲”。這座(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)，亞洲名(ming)列第(di)一(yi)(yi)，世界(jie)名(ming)列第(di)三(san)。海(hai)關(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)頂(ding)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)逐級收(shou)攏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)面鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)，每日準確、悠揚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報時(shi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聲使之(zhi)與南側原(yuan)匯豐銀(yin)(yin)行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)當時(shi)年(nian)代外(wai)灘建(jian)筑群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心建(jian)筑之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)旗桿(gan)(gan)位(wei)置(zhi)北緯31°14’20.38，東經(jing)121°29’0.02，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)20世紀20年(nian)代上(shang)(shang)海(hai)地理(li)位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志點(dian)，同(tong)時(shi)也是外(wai)灘建(jian)筑中(zhong)較(jiao)高、氣(qi)派較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)分機(ji)芯房、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)座(zuo)、旗桿(gan)(gan)臺三(san)層。機(ji)芯房是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心臟部(bu)分，成(cheng)百(bai)上(shang)(shang)千(qian)個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)輪互相咬合，直(zhi)徑(jing)超(chao)過12mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)絲繩代替了(le)普通鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)表中(zhong)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)絲。鋼(gang)絲繩下面連著三(san)個(ge)(ge)巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)敲正點(dian)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)負責(ze)走時(shi)，另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)負責(ze)報刻，最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擺重(zhong)達(da)1噸(dun)(dun)多(duo)(duo)。四(si)(si)周(zhou)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面，每面都(dou)用(yong)100多(duo)(duo)塊0.3-1米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乳白色鋼(gang)化玻璃(li)拼成(cheng)。根據資(zi)料顯示，這種玻璃(li)是特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，當時(shi)只有(you)德國等(deng)極少數國家才能研制(zhi)(zhi)（現今中(zhong)國也能制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)這種玻璃(li)了(le)）。每個(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.4米(mi)(mi)，裝(zhuang)有(you)自(zi)動開(kai)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電燈72盞，晚上(shang)(shang)通體明亮，碩大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字在幾(ji)里外(wai)也清晰可見。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)分針長3.17米(mi)(mi)，重(zhong)49公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)；紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)針長2.3米(mi)(mi)，重(zhong)37.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發條用(yong)0.01米(mi)(mi)粗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)絲組絞，長156米(mi)(mi)。每周(zhou)開(kai)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)發條3次(ci)，每次(ci)要4人操作1小(xiao)時(shi)左右才能完成(cheng)（現已改為(wei)(wei)(wei)電動）。機(ji)器房的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)上(shang)(shang)有(you)1口大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、4口小(xiao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，每隔(ge)15分鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，4口小(xiao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就響起(qi)叮咚叮鐺之(zhi)聲，每隔(ge)1小(xiao)時(shi)，1個(ge)(ge)135公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)錘便(bian)敲擊幾(ji)噸(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發出雄壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聲響，持(chi)續10秒左右。

1928年1月1日凌晨1點，海(hai)關大(da)鐘敲響了第(di)一聲(sheng)，一直(zhi)以英國皇家名(ming)曲《威斯(si)敏斯(si)特(te)(te)教(jiao)堂》報刻(ke)。武漢市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府決定必須進(jin)行(xing)“改裝”。于是鐘面(mian)的(de)中心(xin)部分從4只(zhi)(zhi)圓(yuan)圈玻璃(li)(li)圖案(an)變成了“金黃色的(de)向(xiang)日葵”，報刻(ke)的(de)《威斯(si)敏斯(si)特(te)(te)教(jiao)堂》，改為電子(zi)打(da)點和奏樂(le)，鐘鈴(ling)端每邊置放12只(zhi)(zhi)擴音(yin)器(qi)(qi)，四面(mian)共放48只(zhi)(zhi)擴音(yin)器(qi)(qi)，按時向(xiang)全市(shi)(shi)播放。1986年10月英國女皇伊麗(li)沙白二(er)世來訪，經批準，決定將海(hai)關鐘樓(lou)恢復(fu)原(yuan)狀(zhuang)，又從國外進(jin)口了相同的(de)玻璃(li)(li)。滬(hu)東(dong)造(zao)船廠特(te)(te)地趕制了大(da)鐘里面(mian)的(de)鐵框架，專(zhuan)供(gong)拼(pin)裝一塊塊玻璃(li)(li)之用，鐘面(mian)恢復(fu)原(yuan)狀(zhuang)，機械打(da)點也恢復(fu)，，海(hai)關鐘樓(lou)又響起(qi)了《威斯(si)敏斯(si)特(te)(te)教(jiao)堂》樂(le)曲。

歷史沿革

最早(zao)的(de)江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)(shi)1845年(nian)(nian)建(jian)造的(de)，被稱為(wei)(wei)“新(xin)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“新(xin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”，也稱“江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”。江(jiang)海(hai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一幢(chuang)典(dian)型的(de)中(zhong)國(guo)官衙(ya)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)呈凹字(zi)形，三進樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)，正檐(yan)翹角，歇山頂，屋面(mian)(mian)上(shang)有一座小閣。大(da)(da)門(men)為(wei)(wei)牌樓(lou)(lou)式(shi)(shi)，門(men)楣上(shang)書“江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”4個字(zi)。據說，該(gai)字(zi)出于(yu)兩江(jiang)總督(du)怡良之手筆。到(dao)19世紀80一90年(nian)(nian)代(dai)，外灘的(de)原有建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)多(duo)被翻建(jian)和(he)重建(jian)。“江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”與四(si)周的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，顯得寒酸。1891年(nian)(nian)，江(jiang)漢(han)關(guan)(guan)(guan)大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)已由(you)英國(guo)人赫德掌權，所以請英國(guo)工程師(shi)設(she)計，由(you)浦東(dong)人楊斯盛(sheng)的(de)營造廠承建(jian)，于(yu)1893年(nian)(nian)上(shang)海(hai)開埠(bu)50周年(nian)(nian)時(shi)落成。新(xin)江(jiang)海(hai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)沿用(yong)了舊址的(de)基礎，平(ping)面(mian)(mian)與舊關(guan)(guan)(guan)基本相(xiang)(xiang)近，為(wei)(wei)凹字(zi)形，磚木結(jie)構，中(zhong)間有6層高(gao)(gao)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形鐘樓(lou)(lou)，鐘樓(lou)(lou)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)兩邊各有假4層樓(lou)(lou)房(fang)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)，大(da)(da)門(men)兩旁圍墻上(shang)加(jia)鐵欄桿。1925年(nian)(nian)，新(xin)的(de)江(jiang)漢(han)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)再一次(ci)重建(jian)，請匯豐銀行的(de)設(she)計者威爾遜設(she)計，是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)奠基，至1927年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)9日落成。大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)占地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)5722平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)32680平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。大(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)分(fen)東(dong)、西兩部(bu)分(fen)，東(dong)部(bu)面(mian)(mian)對(dui)長江(jiang)，高(gao)(gao)11層，主體建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)8層，上(shang)面(mian)(mian)有3層高(gao)(gao)的(de)四(si)面(mian)(mian)鐘樓(lou)(lou)；西部(bu)直達四(si)川中(zhong)路(lu)，高(gao)(gao)5層，鋼框架結(jie)構，底(di)層外墻用(yong)花崗(gang)石(shi)寬縫(feng)砌就(jiu)，其(qi)他各層用(yong)金山石(shi)貼(tie)面(mian)(mian)。大(da)(da)門(men)的(de)設(she)計為(wei)(wei)古希臘(la)神廟(miao)形式(shi)(shi)，4根經(jing)典(dian)的(de)希臘(la)多(duo)立克柱支撐起(qi)龐大(da)(da)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，柱子上(shang)端為(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形，雕(diao)刻(ke)花紋，給人以神圣不可侵犯的(de)感(gan)覺(jue)。