一.產品介紹
香菇是(shi)汝陽縣(xian)南(nan)部山區的特產。
香菇功效:
香菇(gu)營養(yang)價值:每百克(ke)鮮香菇(gu)中(zhong)(zhong),含(han)(han)(han)有蛋(dan)白質12—14克(ke),遠遠超過一般植物性食物的(de)蛋(dan)白質含(han)(han)(han)量;含(han)(han)(han)碳水化(hua)合物59.3克(ke),鈣124毫克(ke),磷(lin)415毫克(ke),鐵25.3毫克(ke);還含(han)(han)(han)有多糖類、維生素(su)B1、維生素(su)B2、維生素(su)C等。干香菇(gu)的(de)水浸物中(zhong)(zhong)有組(zu)氨(an)酸、丙氨(an)酸、苯(ben)丙氨(an)酸、亮氨(an)酸、纈(xie)氨(an)酸、天門冬氨(an)酸及天門冬素(su)、乙酰胺、膽堿、腺(xian)嘌(piao)呤待成(cheng)分。
藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)價值:近(jin)年來,美國科(ke)學家發現香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)中含(han)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)種“β-葡萄糖苷酶(mei)”,這種物質有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的加強機體抗(kang)癌(ai)(ai)的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),所含(han)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)多(duo)糖或香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)水解(jie)提取物對癌(ai)(ai)有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)效抑制作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),抑癌(ai)(ai)率達50%,因(yin)此,人(ren)們把(ba)香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)稱為“抗(kang)癌(ai)(ai)新(xin)兵(bing)”。香(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)具有(you)(you)(you)調節人(ren)體新(xin)陳代謝、幫(bang)助消(xiao)化、降低血壓、減少(shao)膽固醇、預防肝硬變、消(xiao)除膽結(jie)石、防治佝(gou)僂病等(deng)功效。
怎樣鑒(jian)別香菇質量?
(1)看形狀:傘柄肥厚(hou),只大均勻、粗壯(zhuang),反之為次。
(2)看顏色(se):色(se)澤黃褐(閩產為(wei)(wei)黑褐色(se)),菌傘下(xia)有褶裥,緊密細白為(wei)(wei)優,反之為(wei)(wei)次。
此(ci)外,在挑(tiao)選香菇時,首先(xian)應先(xian)鑒別其香味如(ru)何,可用手指壓住菇傘,然后聞(wen)一聞(wen),以香味純正的為(wei)上品。傘背以呈黃色(se)或白色(se)為(wei)佳,呈茶褐色(se)或摻雜黑色(se)則為(wei)次。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)、pH值(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)和(he)地(di)形地(di)貌等典(dian)型(xing)特(te)征。 汝陽(yang)香(xiang)菇主要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)南部山區(qu),屬(shu)(shu)秦嶺余脈、外方山區(qu),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)主要(yao)是褐土(tu)(tu),其(qi)次是石質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)和(he)粗骨土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層厚度多數(shu)(shu)在(zai)80cm以上。PH值(zhi)6.1~7.2之間,有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)11.1~31.3g/kg,全氮含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為0.54~2.75g/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷(lin)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)12.5~33.4g/kg,速效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)71~378mg/kg,富含(han)(han)多種微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相對疏松。森(sen)林覆蓋率88%。環境優(you)良,零工(gong)業,無污染。海拔在(zai)1000-1600米。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)(shui)源和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)及影響因(yin)子。 保護區(qu)境內(nei)流域(yu)面積(ji)分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)黃、淮兩大(da)流域(yu),其(qi)中(zhong)杜康河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優(you)良,富含(han)(han)人(ren)體所需的微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素,其(qi)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)蘊藏豐富,充(chong)足(zu)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源為汝陽(yang)甪(lu)里艾提供(gong)了良好的灌溉(gai)。 (3)氣候(hou)情況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang):包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)、溫度、濕度、日(ri)(ri)照和(he)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)等特(te)殊(shu)氣候(hou)因(yin)子。 汝陽(yang)縣(xian)地(di)處東亞(ya)中(zhong)緯度地(di)帶(dai),屬(shu)(shu)暖溫帶(dai)半濕潤季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)區(qu)大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou) 。其(qi)特(te)點:光照充(chong)足(zu),氣候(hou)溫和(he),四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)明。年(nian)平均(jun)≧0℃積(ji)溫5181℃,年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫14.0℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)673.1mm,無霜期213天(tian)左右;年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照時數(shu)(shu)為2164小時。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)少(shao)雨(yu)雪,春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多風(feng)(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱多雨(yu),秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)高氣爽,晝夜溫差大(da),有(you)利(li)于(yu)香(xiang)菇有(you)機物質(zhi)積(ji)累。
三.地域范圍
汝(ru)陽香菇地域(yu)保護范圍為(wei)河(he)南省(sheng)洛(luo)陽市汝(ru)陽縣境內,涉及城關鎮(zhen)、上店(dian)鎮(zhen)、柏樹鄉、十八(ba)盤(pan)鄉、付(fu)店(dian)鎮(zhen)、靳村鄉、三屯鎮(zhen)、劉店(dian)鎮(zhen)、王坪鄉共9個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)129個(ge)(ge)行(xing)政村。汝(ru)陽香菇保護范圍地理坐標為(wei)東經112°8′—112 °38′,北緯33°49′—34°21′之間,生產規模1100公頃(qing),年(nian)產量 3萬噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感(gan)官特(te)(te)征:是指(zhi)通(tong)過人(ren)的(de)感(gan)官(視(shi)覺(jue)(jue)、味覺(jue)(jue)、嗅(xiu)覺(jue)(jue)、觸(chu)覺(jue)(jue)等)能夠感(gan)知(zhi)、感(gan)受到的(de)特(te)(te)殊品質及風味特(te)(te)征。 汝陽香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)菇(gu)形圓(yuan)整、美觀,菇(gu)肉(rou)厚,自然花菇(gu)率(lv)高。鮮菇(gu)呈扁半球形稍平展或傘(san)(san)形,傘(san)(san)柄長度小于或等于菌蓋直徑,顏色分別(bie)為菌蓋淡褐(he)色至(zhi)褐(he)色。菌褶乳白略帶淡黃(huang)色,菌肉(rou)致密、韌性好、潤爽,具有香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)特(te)(te)有的(de)香(xiang)(xiang)味。 (2)內在(zai)品質特(te)(te)征:是指(zhi)需要通(tong)過儀(yi)器(qi)檢測的(de)可量化的(de)獨特(te)(te)理化指(zhi)標。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)殊(shu)內容規(gui)(gui)(gui)定 產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)必須(xu)符(fu)合《無公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(NY/T2375-2013)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 栽培時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)制作(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)當年(nian)(nian)12月至(zhi)第二(er)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3月下(xia)(xia)旬,采摘期(qi)在(zai)9月-第二(er)年(nian)(nian)3月之間(jian)(jian)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 汝陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)適宜(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、耐病性(xing)好、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)939、9608為(wei)主。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管理(li),包(bao)括農業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。 汝陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程必須(xu)嚴格按(an)照農業(ye)部發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《無公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)(NY/T2375-2013)》操作(zuo)(zuo),尤其(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注重以(yi)下(xia)(xia)環(huan)節(jie)。 A 培養(yang)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配制 栓皮櫟、麻櫟、鋭齒(chi)槲櫟、槲櫟、青岡櫟等殼斗科樹材做雜(za)木屑,以(yi)木屑77%、麩皮20%、石(shi)膏2%、糖1%配方(fang)配袋(dai)(dai)(dai)料基質(zhi)。 B 菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)選(xuan)擇(ze) 出菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)地應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)地勢平坦,水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)充足、水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好、水(shui)(shui)溫較(jiao)低、排灌方(fang)便(bian)(bian),周圍環(huan)境(jing)(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太陽(yang)光(guang)照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)短(duan),晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)大(da),沒有白(bai)(bai)蟻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地塊,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)高(gao)2.5米。 C 出菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)管理(li) 秋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管理(li)以(yi)培育厚(hou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和中(zhong)檔花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)主。管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)施是:適當疏(shu)蕾,要(yao)(yao)(yao)疏(shu)小留大(da),疏(shu)弱留壯(zhuang),達到(dao)稀(xi)密(mi)適中(zhong),培育厚(hou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),白(bai)(bai)天(tian)揭膜通風、增(zeng)光(guang),夜(ye)晚蓋膜防(fang)(fang)(fang)潮(chao)。 D 冬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管理(li)是培育花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有利時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),采取浸水(shui)(shui)與催蕾、蹲菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)催花(hua)、間(jian)(jian)歇養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等措(cuo)施,培育出2-3茬優(you)質(zhi)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 (4)病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)害(hai)也是影響(xiang)汝陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)因(yin)(yin)素,因(yin)(yin)此,采取合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法去防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)這些蟲(chong)害(hai)是香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)工作(zuo)(zuo)。 A 環(huan)境(jing)(jing)上(shang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)控:棚(peng)室內及(ji)周圍環(huan)境(jing)(jing)應(ying)保(bao)持干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凈整潔(jie),室內地面要(yao)(yao)(yao)撒施石(shi)灰粉吸潮(chao),并(bing)定期(qi)打殺蟲(chong)劑。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)或生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)遠(yuan)離(li)飼養(yang)場(chang)垃圾(ji)場(chang)等環(huan)境(jing)(jing)較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang),以(yi)避免(mian)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播(bo)。 B 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)節(jie)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)控:原(yuan)料在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)經過(guo)暴曬(shai)(shai)(shai)、發酵等處(chu)(chu)理(li)措(cuo)施。拌料時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注意選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan),在(zai)制作(zuo)(zuo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)扎(zha)緊料袋(dai)(dai)(dai)口,并(bing)徹底消(xiao)毒。 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主,注意種(zhong)植栽培場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),降低環(huan)境(jing)(jing)雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),嚴格控制香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個環(huan)節(jie),盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)健壯(zhuang)、高(gao)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong),提高(gao)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)抗(kang)雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)各種(zhong)操作(zuo)(zuo)流程,避免(mian)在(zai)接種(zhong)過(guo)程中(zhong)遭(zao)遇污染,強化菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)檢查,對被污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清理(li)。 (5)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲及(ji)處(chu)(chu)理(li) A 采收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi):汝陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長到(dao)七、八(ba)成熟,即菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋邊緣(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內卷 , 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)膜剛破(po)裂(lie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),采收(shou)(shou)最(zui)適宜(yi)(yi)。 B 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):是排除體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)份,達到(dao)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(含(han)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)13% ),以(yi)利長期(qi)保(bao)存(cun)。其(qi)方(fang)法: 曬(shai)(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):把(ba)鮮(xian)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)柄向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia),一個個不重疊地排列入(ru)(ru)簾上(shang),曬(shai)(shai)(shai)到(dao)體(ti)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),倒(dao)過(guo)來(lai)再曬(shai)(shai)(shai),一般曬(shai)(shai)(shai)到(dao)三天(tian)即可曬(shai)(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),曬(shai)(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)。(建(jian)議刪除此段(duan),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)沒有商(shang)品(pin)(pin)價(jia)值(zhi)) 烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):按(an)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)小和干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)濕程度(du),大(da)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng),小菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)(ceng),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia),烘(hong)(hong)烤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)從(cong)30℃開始,每(mei)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)1-2℃,升到(dao)60℃再降溫到(dao)52~55℃,直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),烘(hong)(hong)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)濃(nong),質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)好。注意事(shi)項:對于(yu)含(han)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),如淋(lin)雨(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、氣(qi)溫偏(pian)高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等,要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)初始階段(duan),適當延長在(zai)較(jiao)低溫度(du)下(xia)(xia)保(bao)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),之后(hou)(hou),再進入(ru)(ru)正常烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)節(jie)奏,以(yi)確保(bao)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。 C 級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)分(fen):將采收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或制干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)按(an)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋直(zhi)(zhi)徑大(da)小, 5-8cm 為(wei)大(da)號(hao);3-5cm 為(wei)中(zhong)號(hao); 2-3cm 為(wei)小號(hao),菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)丁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋直(zhi)(zhi)徑在(zai)2cm 以(yi)下(xia)(xia),應(ying)分(fen)類存(cun)貯,便(bian)(bian)于(yu)銷售。 采收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)類制干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)密(mi)封入(ru)(ru)庫,不能雨(yu)淋(lin),不返(fan)潮(chao),以(yi)保(bao)持其(qi)固(gu)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤(ze)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei),不發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)霉變。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥、潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)分(fen)級、包(bao)裝,銷售。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 汝陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)程,要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、投(tou)入(ru)(ru)品(pin)(pin)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案,專人(ren)負責,全(quan)面記(ji)載每(mei)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)節(jie)技術措(cuo)施并(bing)妥善(shan)保(bao)存(cun),以(yi)備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)經營者在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前須向登(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)提交使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申請(qing)書(shu)、生產(chan)(chan)經營者資質證(zheng)明、生產(chan)(chan)經營計劃和(he)相應質量(liang)控(kong)制措(cuo)施、規范(fan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)面承(cheng)諾以(yi)及其他必要的(de)證(zheng)明文件和(he)材料。 (2)經審核(he)符合標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件的(de),汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇(gu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)按照生產(chan)(chan)經營年度與標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申請(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)簽訂農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi),在(zai)協議(yi)中載明標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數(shu)量(liang)、范(fan)圍及相關責任義務。 (3)汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇(gu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi)生效后,標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)方(fang)可在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)包裝物上使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行宣傳和(he)參(can)加展覽、展示及展銷活動(dong)。 (4)汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇(gu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)要建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案(an),如實記(ji)載地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況,并接受登(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)監督。 (5)汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇(gu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案(an)需(xu)保存五年,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不得超范(fan)圍使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經登(deng)(deng)記(ji)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),任何(he)單(dan)位和(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不得冒(mao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。