一.產品介紹
香菇是汝陽縣南部山區的(de)特(te)產。
香菇功效:
香(xiang)菇(gu)營養價(jia)值:每(mei)百克(ke)鮮香(xiang)菇(gu)中,含(han)有(you)(you)蛋(dan)白(bai)質12—14克(ke),遠遠超過一(yi)般植物(wu)(wu)性食物(wu)(wu)的(de)蛋(dan)白(bai)質含(han)量;含(han)碳(tan)水化合物(wu)(wu)59.3克(ke),鈣124毫(hao)克(ke),磷415毫(hao)克(ke),鐵25.3毫(hao)克(ke);還含(han)有(you)(you)多糖類、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)B1、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)B2、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)C等。干香(xiang)菇(gu)的(de)水浸物(wu)(wu)中有(you)(you)組氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)、丙(bing)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)、苯丙(bing)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)、亮氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)、纈氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)、天門冬氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)及(ji)天門冬素(su)(su)、乙酰胺、膽堿、腺(xian)嘌呤待成分。
藥用(yong)價值(zhi):近(jin)年(nian)來,美國(guo)科學(xue)家發現香(xiang)菇(gu)中含(han)有一種“β-葡萄糖苷酶”,這種物質有明顯的加強機體(ti)抗(kang)癌(ai)(ai)的作(zuo)用(yong),所含(han)香(xiang)菇(gu)多糖或香(xiang)菇(gu)水解提取物對癌(ai)(ai)有高(gao)效抑制作(zuo)用(yong),抑癌(ai)(ai)率達50%,因(yin)此,人(ren)們把(ba)香(xiang)菇(gu)稱為“抗(kang)癌(ai)(ai)新兵”。香(xiang)菇(gu)具有調節(jie)人(ren)體(ti)新陳(chen)代謝、幫助(zhu)消(xiao)化、降低血壓、減少(shao)膽固醇、預防肝硬變、消(xiao)除膽結石、防治佝僂病等功效。
怎樣鑒別香菇(gu)質量?
(1)看形狀:傘(san)柄肥厚,只大均勻、粗壯(zhuang),反之為次。
(2)看顏色(se):色(se)澤黃褐(he)(he)(閩(min)產為黑(hei)褐(he)(he)色(se)),菌(jun)傘下有(you)褶裥,緊密細白為優,反(fan)之為次。
此外,在挑選香菇時(shi),首(shou)先應先鑒別(bie)其香味如何,可(ke)用手(shou)指壓(ya)住菇傘,然后聞一聞,以香味純正的為上品。傘背以呈黃色(se)(se)或白色(se)(se)為佳,呈茶褐色(se)(se)或摻雜黑(hei)色(se)(se)則為次。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤地貌情況(kuang)(kuang):包括(kuo)土壤類型(xing)、pH值(zhi)(zhi)、土壤肥力狀況(kuang)(kuang)和(he)(he)地形地貌等(deng)典型(xing)特(te)征。 汝(ru)陽香菇主要分布在(zai)南部山區,屬秦嶺余脈(mo)、外方山區,土壤類型(xing)主要是(shi)褐土,其(qi)次是(shi)石質(zhi)土和(he)(he)粗骨土,土層厚(hou)度多(duo)(duo)數在(zai)80cm以上。PH值(zhi)(zhi)6.1~7.2之間,有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)11.1~31.3g/kg,全氮(dan)含(han)(han)量(liang)為0.54~2.75g/kg,有效磷(lin)含(han)(han)量(liang)12.5~33.4g/kg,速效鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)71~378mg/kg,富(fu)含(han)(han)多(duo)(duo)種微(wei)量(liang)元素,土壤相對疏松。森林(lin)覆蓋率88%。環境優良,零工業,無污染(ran)。海拔在(zai)1000-1600米。 (2)水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang):包括(kuo)水(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)情況(kuang)(kuang)及影(ying)響因(yin)子。 保護(hu)區境內流域面積分屬黃、淮兩大(da)流域,其(qi)中杜康河水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良,富(fu)含(han)(han)人體所(suo)需的(de)微(wei)量(liang)元素,其(qi)地下水(shui)(shui)蘊藏豐富(fu),充足的(de)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為汝(ru)陽甪(lu)里艾提供了良好的(de)灌溉(gai)。 (3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang)(kuang):包括(kuo)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)、溫(wen)度、濕度、日照和(he)(he)降水(shui)(shui)等(deng)特(te)殊(shu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候因(yin)子。 汝(ru)陽縣地處東亞中緯度地帶,屬暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤(run)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)區大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候 。其(qi)特(te)點:光照充足,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)(he),四季(ji)(ji)分明。年平(ping)均≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃,年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃,年平(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)673.1mm,無霜期(qi)213天(tian)左右(you);年平(ping)均日照時(shi)數為2164小(xiao)時(shi)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷少(shao)雨(yu)雪,春季(ji)(ji)干旱(han)多(duo)(duo)風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)炎熱(re)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu),秋季(ji)(ji)天(tian)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差(cha)大(da),有利于香菇有機(ji)物質(zhi)積累。
三.地域范圍
汝陽(yang)香菇地域保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)為河南省洛(luo)陽(yang)市(shi)汝陽(yang)縣境內,涉及城關鎮、上店(dian)鎮、柏樹鄉(xiang)、十八盤鄉(xiang)、付店(dian)鎮、靳村鄉(xiang)、三屯鎮、劉店(dian)鎮、王坪鄉(xiang)共9個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮129個(ge)行政村。汝陽(yang)香菇保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)地理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)112°8′—112 °38′,北緯(wei)33°49′—34°21′之間,生產規模1100公頃,年產量 3萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感(gan)(gan)官特(te)(te)征:是指通過人的(de)感(gan)(gan)官(視覺、味(wei)覺、嗅覺、觸覺等(deng))能夠感(gan)(gan)知、感(gan)(gan)受到的(de)特(te)(te)殊品(pin)質及(ji)風味(wei)特(te)(te)征。 汝陽香菇(gu)菇(gu)形圓整、美觀,菇(gu)肉厚,自然花菇(gu)率高。鮮(xian)菇(gu)呈扁半球形稍平展或(huo)傘形,傘柄長(chang)度小于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)菌(jun)蓋直徑(jing),顏色分(fen)別為菌(jun)蓋淡(dan)(dan)褐色至褐色。菌(jun)褶乳白略帶(dai)淡(dan)(dan)黃色,菌(jun)肉致密、韌性好、潤爽,具有香菇(gu)特(te)(te)有的(de)香味(wei)。 (2)內在(zai)品(pin)質特(te)(te)征:是指需要通過儀器檢測的(de)可量化的(de)獨(du)特(te)(te)理(li)化指標。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇與特(te)殊內容(rong)規(gui)定 產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)必須(xu)符(fu)合(he)《無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條件(NY/T2375-2013)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。 栽培時(shi)(shi)間(jian) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)制(zhi)作在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)至第(di)二(er)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬,采(cai)摘期(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)-第(di)二(er)年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)之間(jian)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特(te)定要(yao)(yao)求 汝(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)期(qi)適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),抗逆性(xing)強(qiang)、耐病性(xing)好、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)優質(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)939、9608為(wei)主。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理,包括農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定。 汝(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)必須(xu)嚴格按(an)照農(nong)業部發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)范(fan)(NY/T2375-2013)》操作,尤(you)其要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)重以(yi)(yi)下環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)。 A 培養(yang)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi) 栓皮櫟、麻櫟、鋭齒槲(hu)櫟、槲(hu)櫟、青岡櫟等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)殼斗科(ke)樹材(cai)做(zuo)雜木屑,以(yi)(yi)木屑77%、麩(fu)皮20%、石膏(gao)2%、糖1%配方配袋(dai)料(liao)基質(zhi)(zhi)。 B 菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)選擇 出菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)地(di)應(ying)(ying)選擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)勢平坦(tan),水(shui)源(yuan)充足、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好、水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)、排灌方便(bian),周(zhou)圍環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太陽(yang)光照時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da),沒(mei)有(you)白蟻(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)塊,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2.5米(mi)。 C 出菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)管(guan)理 秋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理以(yi)(yi)培育(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和中(zhong)檔(dang)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)主。管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)措施是(shi):適(shi)當疏蕾(lei),要(yao)(yao)疏小(xiao)留大(da),疏弱留壯,達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)稀密適(shi)中(zhong),培育(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),白天揭膜通風、增(zeng)光,夜(ye)晚蓋(gai)膜防潮(chao)。 D 冬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理是(shi)培育(yu)(yu)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)利(li)時(shi)(shi)期(qi),采(cai)取浸水(shui)與催蕾(lei)、蹲(dun)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)催花(hua)、間(jian)歇養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)措施,培育(yu)(yu)出2-3茬優質(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 (4)病蟲害(hai)(hai)防治 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲害(hai)(hai)也是(shi)影響汝(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)因(yin)素,因(yin)此,采(cai)取合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法去防治這些蟲害(hai)(hai)是(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)工作。 A 環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)上防控(kong):棚室(shi)內及周(zhou)圍環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)保(bao)(bao)持干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)整潔(jie),室(shi)內地(di)面(mian)要(yao)(yao)撒施石灰粉吸潮(chao),并定期(qi)打(da)殺蟲劑。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚或生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)遠離飼養(yang)場(chang)垃圾(ji)場(chang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)較(jiao)(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免(mian)蟲害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播。 B 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防控(kong):原料(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)經過暴曬(shai)、發酵(jiao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)處理措施。拌(ban)料(liao)時(shi)(shi)注(zhu)意選用(yong)(yong)(yong)潔(jie)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)源(yuan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)作菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)扎(zha)緊料(liao)袋(dai)口,并徹底(di)消毒(du)。 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病害(hai)(hai)防治以(yi)(yi)預(yu)防為(wei)主,注(zhu)意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植栽培場(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),降低(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數量(liang)(liang)(liang),嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie),盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)健壯、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)抗雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力,規(gui)范(fan)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)操作流程(cheng)(cheng),避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)遭(zao)遇污染,強(qiang)化(hua)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檢(jian)查,對被污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)清(qing)理。 (5)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲及處理 A 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi):汝(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長到(dao)(dao)(dao)七、八(ba)成熟(shu),即(ji)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)邊緣向(xiang)(xiang)內卷 , 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)膜剛破裂時(shi)(shi),采(cai)收(shou)(shou)最適(shi)宜。 B 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan):是(shi)排除(chu)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)份,達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)干(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)13% ),以(yi)(yi)利(li)長期(qi)保(bao)(bao)存。其方法: 曬(shai)干(gan)(gan):把鮮(xian)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)向(xiang)(xiang)上,菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)柄向(xiang)(xiang)下,一個個不重疊地(di)排列入(ru)簾上,曬(shai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)干(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi),倒過來再曬(shai),一般(ban)曬(shai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)三天即(ji)可曬(shai)干(gan)(gan),曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。(建議刪除(chu)此段(duan),因(yin)為(wei)沒(mei)有(you)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)價值) 烘(hong)干(gan)(gan):按(an)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)小(xiao)和干(gan)(gan)濕程(cheng)(cheng)度(du),大(da)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放(fang)上層(ceng),小(xiao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放(fang)下層(ceng),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)向(xiang)(xiang)上,菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶向(xiang)(xiang)下,烘(hong)烤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)從30℃開始(shi),每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)1-2℃,升到(dao)(dao)(dao)60℃再降溫(wen)(wen)到(dao)(dao)(dao)52~55℃,直至烘(hong)干(gan)(gan),烘(hong)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味濃,質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)好。注(zhu)意事項:對于(yu)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),如淋雨(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、氣溫(wen)(wen)偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),要(yao)(yao)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)初始(shi)階段(duan),適(shi)當延長在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下保(bao)(bao)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian),之后(hou),再進入(ru)正常烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)節(jie)(jie)奏,以(yi)(yi)確保(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。 C 級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen):將采(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)按(an)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)直徑大(da)小(xiao), 5-8cm 為(wei)大(da)號;3-5cm 為(wei)中(zhong)號; 2-3cm 為(wei)小(xiao)號,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)丁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)直徑在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2cm 以(yi)(yi)下,應(ying)(ying)分(fen)類存貯,便(bian)于(yu)銷售(shou)。 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)分(fen)類制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)密封入(ru)庫,不能(neng)雨(yu)(yu)淋,不返潮(chao),以(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)持其固有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤(ze)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味,不發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)霉變(bian)。同時(shi)(shi)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)干(gan)(gan)燥、潔(jie)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下進行分(fen)級、包裝,銷售(shou)。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)(yao)求 汝(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng),要(yao)(yao)建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、投入(ru)品(pin)記錄檔(dang)案,專人(ren)負責,全面(mian)記載每(mei)(mei)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)技術措施并妥(tuo)善(shan)保(bao)(bao)存,以(yi)(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)菇的生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)前須向登(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)提交使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申(shen)請(qing)書(shu)、生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營者(zhe)(zhe)資質(zhi)證(zheng)明(ming)、生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營計劃(hua)和(he)相(xiang)(xiang)應質(zhi)量控制措(cuo)施、規范使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)面(mian)承(cheng)諾以及其他必要的證(zheng)明(ming)文件(jian)和(he)材(cai)料。 (2)經(jing)(jing)審核(he)符合(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件(jian)的,汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)按照生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營年(nian)度與標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)簽訂農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議,在(zai)(zai)(zai)協議中載(zai)明(ming)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數量、范圍及相(xiang)(xiang)關責任(ren)義務。 (3)汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議生(sheng)效后(hou),標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)方可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)或農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝物上使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),并可(ke)以使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)登(deng)記(ji)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)宣傳和(he)參加展覽、展示及展銷活動(dong)。 (4)汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)要建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案,如實記(ji)載(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況,并接受登(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)的監督。 (5)汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案需保(bao)存五年(nian),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)登(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)不得(de)超范圍使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)登(deng)記(ji)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),任(ren)何(he)單位(wei)和(he)個人(ren)(ren)不得(de)冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。