一.產品介紹
香菇是汝陽縣(xian)南部山區(qu)的(de)特產。
香菇功效:
香菇營養(yang)價值:每百克(ke)(ke)鮮(xian)香菇中(zhong),含(han)有蛋白(bai)質(zhi)12—14克(ke)(ke),遠遠超過一般植物性食物的蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量;含(han)碳(tan)水化合物59.3克(ke)(ke),鈣124毫克(ke)(ke),磷415毫克(ke)(ke),鐵25.3毫克(ke)(ke);還含(han)有多糖類、維生素(su)B1、維生素(su)B2、維生素(su)C等。干香菇的水浸物中(zhong)有組(zu)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、丙氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、苯(ben)丙氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、亮氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、纈氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、天(tian)門(men)冬氨(an)(an)酸(suan)及天(tian)門(men)冬素(su)、乙酰胺(an)、膽堿、腺嘌呤(ling)待成分。
藥用(yong)價值:近(jin)年來,美國科學家發現香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)中含有(you)(you)一種“β-葡萄(tao)糖(tang)苷(gan)酶”,這(zhe)種物(wu)質有(you)(you)明顯的加強機(ji)體抗(kang)癌的作用(yong),所含香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)多糖(tang)或香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)水解提取物(wu)對癌有(you)(you)高(gao)效抑制作用(yong),抑癌率達50%,因此,人(ren)們把香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)稱為“抗(kang)癌新兵”。香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)具有(you)(you)調節(jie)人(ren)體新陳代謝、幫助消(xiao)化、降低血壓、減少膽固醇、預防肝(gan)硬變、消(xiao)除(chu)膽結石(shi)、防治佝僂病等功效。
怎樣鑒別香菇質量?
(1)看(kan)形狀:傘柄肥(fei)厚,只大(da)均勻、粗壯,反之為次(ci)。
(2)看(kan)顏色(se):色(se)澤(ze)黃褐(閩產為黑褐色(se)),菌傘下有(you)褶裥,緊密細(xi)白為優,反之為次(ci)。
此(ci)外,在挑選(xuan)香菇時,首先(xian)應(ying)先(xian)鑒別其香味如何,可用手指壓住菇傘(san),然后聞一聞,以香味純(chun)正的為(wei)上品。傘(san)背以呈黃色(se)或白色(se)為(wei)佳,呈茶褐(he)色(se)或摻雜黑色(se)則為(wei)次(ci)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:包(bao)(bao)括土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)、pH值、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥力狀況和地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)等(deng)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)特(te)(te)征。 汝陽(yang)香(xiang)菇主(zhu)要分布在南部山(shan)區,屬秦嶺余(yu)脈、外方山(shan)區,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)要是褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其(qi)次是石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和粗骨土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚(hou)度多(duo)(duo)數在80cm以上。PH值6.1~7.2之(zhi)間(jian),有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量11.1~31.3g/kg,全氮(dan)含(han)量為0.54~2.75g/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷(lin)含(han)量12.5~33.4g/kg,速效(xiao)鉀含(han)量71~378mg/kg,富含(han)多(duo)(duo)種微(wei)量元(yuan)素,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相(xiang)對疏(shu)松。森林覆(fu)蓋率88%。環(huan)境優良,零(ling)工業,無污染(ran)。海(hai)拔在1000-1600米。 (2)水(shui)文情(qing)況:包(bao)(bao)括水(shui)系、水(shui)源和水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)況及影響因子(zi)。 保(bao)護區境內流域面積分屬黃、淮(huai)兩大流域,其(qi)中杜康河(he)水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)優良,富含(han)人體(ti)所需的微(wei)量元(yuan)素,其(qi)地(di)(di)下水(shui)蘊藏豐富,充(chong)(chong)足(zu)的水(shui)資(zi)源為汝陽(yang)甪里艾提供了良好的灌溉(gai)。 (3)氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:包(bao)(bao)括季(ji)風(feng)(feng)、溫(wen)度、濕度、日照和降水(shui)等(deng)特(te)(te)殊(shu)氣(qi)(qi)候因子(zi)。 汝陽(yang)縣地(di)(di)處東亞中緯(wei)度地(di)(di)帶,屬暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤季(ji)風(feng)(feng)區大陸性季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候 。其(qi)特(te)(te)點:光照充(chong)(chong)足(zu),氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,四季(ji)分明(ming)。年(nian)平均(jun)≧0℃積溫(wen)5181℃,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水(shui)量673.1mm,無霜期(qi)213天左右;年(nian)平均(jun)日照時(shi)數為2164小時(shi)。冬季(ji)寒(han)冷少雨雪(xue),春季(ji)干旱多(duo)(duo)風(feng)(feng),夏季(ji)炎熱多(duo)(duo)雨,秋季(ji)天高氣(qi)(qi)爽,晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)大,有(you)利于香(xiang)菇有(you)機(ji)物質(zhi)(zhi)積累。
三.地域范圍
汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)菇(gu)地域保護(hu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)為河南(nan)省洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)市汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)縣境(jing)內,涉及城關鎮(zhen)、上店鎮(zhen)、柏樹鄉(xiang)、十(shi)八盤(pan)鄉(xiang)、付店鎮(zhen)、靳村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)、三屯鎮(zhen)、劉店鎮(zhen)、王坪鄉(xiang)共9個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)129個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)。汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)香(xiang)菇(gu)保護(hu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)地理坐標為東經112°8′—112 °38′,北緯33°49′—34°21′之(zhi)間,生產(chan)規(gui)模1100公頃,年產(chan)量 3萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征:是指通(tong)過(guo)人的(de)(de)感官(視覺、味覺、嗅覺、觸覺等)能(neng)夠(gou)感知、感受到的(de)(de)特殊品質及風味特征。 汝陽香(xiang)菇(gu)菇(gu)形(xing)(xing)圓整(zheng)、美觀,菇(gu)肉(rou)厚(hou),自然花菇(gu)率高。鮮菇(gu)呈(cheng)扁半球形(xing)(xing)稍平展(zhan)或傘形(xing)(xing),傘柄長度小于(yu)或等于(yu)菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)直(zhi)徑,顏色(se)(se)分別為菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)淡褐色(se)(se)至褐色(se)(se)。菌(jun)(jun)褶乳白略(lve)帶淡黃(huang)色(se)(se),菌(jun)(jun)肉(rou)致密(mi)、韌性好、潤爽,具有香(xiang)菇(gu)特有的(de)(de)香(xiang)味。 (2)內在品質特征:是指需要通(tong)過(guo)儀(yi)器檢測的(de)(de)可量化的(de)(de)獨特理化指標。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特殊內容規(gui)定(ding)(ding) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)必須(xu)符合《無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)食(shi)用菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境條(tiao)件(NY/T2375-2013)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 栽培(pei)(pei)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)至(zhi)第二年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬,采摘期在(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)-第二年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 汝(ru)陽香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)選(xuan)(xuan)用生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)期適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),抗逆(ni)性強、耐病(bing)性好(hao)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)、品(pin)質(zhi)優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)939、9608為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理,包括(kuo)農業(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊使(shi)用規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 汝(ru)陽香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必須(xu)嚴格按(an)照農業(ye)部發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)食(shi)用菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)范(NY/T2375-2013)》操作(zuo)(zuo),尤其(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)重以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)環(huan)(huan)節。 A 培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配制(zhi) 栓皮(pi)櫟(li)、麻櫟(li)、鋭齒槲櫟(li)、槲櫟(li)、青岡櫟(li)等殼(ke)斗科樹(shu)材做雜(za)木屑,以(yi)木屑77%、麩(fu)皮(pi)20%、石(shi)膏2%、糖1%配方(fang)(fang)配袋(dai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)基質(zhi)。 B 菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)(chang)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)(chang)地(di)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)勢平坦,水源充足、水質(zhi)良好(hao)、水溫(wen)較(jiao)低(di)(di)、排(pai)灌(guan)方(fang)(fang)便(bian),周圍(wei)環(huan)(huan)境衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)照時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)短,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da)(da)(da),沒(mei)(mei)有白(bai)蟻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)塊,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)高(gao)2.5米。 C 出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期管理 秋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管理以(yi)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)厚菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檔花(hua)(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)是(shi):適當(dang)疏蕾,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)疏小留(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da),疏弱留(liu)壯,達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)稀密適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)厚菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)花(hua)(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),白(bai)天揭(jie)膜(mo)通風、增(zeng)光(guang)(guang),夜晚蓋(gai)膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)潮(chao)(chao)。 D 冬(dong)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管理是(shi)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有利時(shi)期,采取浸水與催蕾、蹲菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)催花(hua)(hua)、間(jian)(jian)(jian)歇(xie)養(yang)(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi),培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)2-3茬優(you)質(zhi)花(hua)(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 (4)病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)害也是(shi)影響汝(ru)陽香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)因(yin)素,因(yin)此(ci)(ci),采取合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法去防(fang)(fang)治這(zhe)些蟲(chong)害是(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)工作(zuo)(zuo)。 A 環(huan)(huan)境上(shang)(shang)(shang)防(fang)(fang)控:棚(peng)室內及(ji)周圍(wei)環(huan)(huan)境應(ying)(ying)保持干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凈(jing)整潔,室內地(di)面要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)撒施(shi)(shi)石(shi)灰粉(fen)吸潮(chao)(chao),并定(ding)(ding)期打殺蟲(chong)劑。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區盡(jin)量(liang)遠離飼養(yang)(yang)場(chang)(chang)垃圾場(chang)(chang)等環(huan)(huan)境較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang),以(yi)避免蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播。 B 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)節上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)控:原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用前(qian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經過(guo)暴(bao)曬(shai)(shai)、發酵等處(chu)理措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。拌料(liao)(liao)(liao)時(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)意選(xuan)(xuan)用潔凈(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水源,在(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)扎緊料(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)口,并徹底消毒。 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)害防(fang)(fang)治以(yi)預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,注(zhu)(zhu)意種(zhong)(zhong)植栽培(pei)(pei)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),降低(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數量(liang),嚴格控制(zhi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)(ge)環(huan)(huan)節,盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)用健(jian)壯、高(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong),提高(gao)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)抗雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,規(gui)范各種(zhong)(zhong)操作(zuo)(zuo)流程(cheng)(cheng),避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)接種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遭遇污染(ran)(ran),強化菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)檢查(cha),對被污染(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋(dai)應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)清理。 (5)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲及(ji)處(chu)理 A 采收(shou)時(shi)期:汝(ru)陽香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長到(dao)(dao)(dao)七、八成(cheng)熟,即菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)邊(bian)緣向(xiang)內卷 , 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)膜(mo)剛破裂時(shi),采收(shou)最(zui)適宜。 B 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):是(shi)排(pai)除(chu)體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水份,達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)商品(pin)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(含(han)水量(liang)13% ),以(yi)利長期保存。其(qi)方(fang)(fang)法: 曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):把鮮香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)柄向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),一個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)不(bu)重疊地(di)排(pai)列(lie)入簾(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang),曬(shai)(shai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)體干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)時(shi),倒過(guo)來再(zai)曬(shai)(shai),一般曬(shai)(shai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)三天即可曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)。(建(jian)議刪除(chu)此(ci)(ci)段(duan),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)沒(mei)(mei)有商品(pin)價值) 烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):按(an)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小和干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)濕程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du),大(da)(da)(da)(da)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放上(shang)(shang)(shang)層,小菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放下(xia)(xia)(xia)層,菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)烤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)從30℃開(kai)始,每小時(shi)提高(gao)1-2℃,升到(dao)(dao)(dao)60℃再(zai)降溫(wen)到(dao)(dao)(dao)52~55℃,直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味濃,質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)。注(zhu)(zhu)意事項:對于含(han)水量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),如淋(lin)雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、氣溫(wen)偏高(gao)時(shi)期生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)初始階段(duan),適當(dang)延長在(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)低(di)(di)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)(xia)保持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),之后(hou)(hou),再(zai)進入正常烘(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)節奏,以(yi)確保商品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)。 C 級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分:將采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)按(an)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小, 5-8cm 為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)號(hao);3-5cm 為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)號(hao); 2-3cm 為(wei)(wei)(wei)小號(hao),菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)丁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2cm 以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),應(ying)(ying)分類存貯(zhu),便(bian)于銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)。 采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)分類制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)密封入庫,不(bu)能雨淋(lin),不(bu)返(fan)潮(chao)(chao),以(yi)保持其(qi)固(gu)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤(ze)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味,不(bu)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)霉變。同(tong)時(shi)必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥、潔凈(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia)進行分級(ji)、包裝,銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu) 汝(ru)陽香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、投(tou)入品(pin)記錄檔案,專人(ren)負(fu)責,全(quan)面記載(zai)每個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)節技(ji)術措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)并妥善保存,以(yi)備(bei)查(cha)閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)汝(ru)陽香菇的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)前須(xu)向登記證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)提交使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申(shen)請書(shu)(shu)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者資質證明、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營計劃和相(xiang)應質量(liang)控制措(cuo)施(shi)、規范(fan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)面承諾以及其他必要的(de)(de)證明文(wen)件和材料。 (2)經(jing)審核符合標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件的(de)(de),汝(ru)陽香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)按照生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營年度與標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)申(shen)請人(ren)(ren)簽訂(ding)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi)(yi)(yi),在(zai)協議(yi)(yi)(yi)中載(zai)明標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)數量(liang)、范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)及相(xiang)關責任義務(wu)。 (3)汝(ru)陽香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi)(yi)(yi)生效后,標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)方可在(zai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)或農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝物上使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),并可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)登記的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行宣傳和參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及展(zhan)銷(xiao)活動。 (4)汝(ru)陽香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)要建立農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案(an),如實記載(zai)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況,并接受(shou)登記證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)監督。 (5)汝(ru)陽香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案(an)需保存五年,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)登記證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)和標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)不得(de)超范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)登記的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),任何單位和個(ge)人(ren)(ren)不得(de)冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。