吉林(lin)(lin)(lin)汪清(qing)嘎呀(ya)河(he)(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園位于延邊州汪清(qing)縣(xian)天橋(qiao)(qiao)嶺(ling)(ling)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業局北(bei)部(bu)的(de)八(ba)人(ren)(ren)溝(gou)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場。北(bei)部(bu)與正在規劃的(de)吉林(lin)(lin)(lin)天橋(qiao)(qiao)嶺(ling)(ling)東(dong)北(bei)虎保護區相鄰(lin)、南接天橋(qiao)(qiao)嶺(ling)(ling)鎮響水村(cun)北(bei)部(bu)、東(dong)西(xi)主(zhu)要以公路及(ji)農田(tian)等標(biao)志物為界,范圍包(bao)括八(ba)人(ren)(ren)溝(gou)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場的(de)6、10、11、26、18、38、23、48、49、64、63、71、72、77、81、84、85 南市(shi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)班部(bu)分區域(yu)。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為北(bei)緯 43°47′44″~43°54′47″N,東(dong)經(jing)129°48′33″ ~129°51′38″E,總(zong)面積1161.0hm2。主(zhu)要分為河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)和人(ren)(ren)工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)3大類,森林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、草本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)化草甸、水產養殖場、庫(ku)塘和稻田(tian)8個(ge)型(xing)。
濕地公園主體屬圖們(men)(men)江(jiang)水(shui)系,其中嘎呀(ya)河(he)是公園內主要河(he)流(liu)(liu),起源于汪清北側草(cao)帽(mao)子頂山附近,流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)6242km2,與海蘭江(jiang)匯合流(liu)(liu)入(ru)圖們(men)(men)江(jiang),屬圖們(men)(men)江(jiang)一級支流(liu)(liu),流(liu)(liu)長(chang)108.7km,寬15~25m,河(he)深1.2m,流(liu)(liu)速(su)每(mei)秒0.6m。公園內嘎呀(ya)河(he)流(liu)(liu)長(chang)14.4km,流(liu)(liu)域多年平均地表(biao)水(shui)資源總(zong)量為(wei)26.87×108m3。
根(gen)據(ju)濕地景(jing)觀的(de)異質性,濕地公園內的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分為受淹土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)和(he)(he)非(fei)受淹土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)兩大(da)類(lei)型(xing)。(1)受淹土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing):一般可分為草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)、草甸(dian)沼澤土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)水(shui)下沉積物三種類(lei)型(xing)。(2)非(fei)受淹土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing):主要有灰棕壤(rang)、沖積土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)等三種類(lei)型(xing)。
本(ben)區植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區系組成比較復(fu)雜(za),野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)十分豐富(fu)。據初步調查統計(ji)(ji),濕(shi)地公園內有野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共計(ji)(ji)308種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)濕(shi)地蘚類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科(ke)4屬12種(zhong);濕(shi)地維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)296種(zhong),隸屬于(yu)60科(ke),149屬,其(qi)中(zhong)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科(ke)8屬13種(zhong);種(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)54科(ke)141屬283種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)裸(luo)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1科(ke)4屬5種(zhong),被子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)53科(ke)137屬278種(zhong)。
濕地公(gong)園內野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)資源(yuan)豐富。縱向穿過(guo)濕地公(gong)園的(de)(de)嘎呀河流域水資源(yuan)十分(fen)豐富,區(qu)域內形(xing)成大面積草(cao)本沼澤、灌叢沼澤、森林(lin)(lin)沼澤和(he)沼澤化草(cao)甸。區(qu)域地形(xing)特殊,植被類(lei)型多樣(yang),造就復雜多樣(yang)的(de)(de)生態環境(jing),為野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)提供(gong)了適宜的(de)(de)繁衍、棲息生境(jing)。根據實地考察和(he)資料查詢,該區(qu)域分(fen)布有脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)206種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)已知(zhi)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)35.2%,分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)5綱30目(mu)71科。其中:魚(yu)類(lei)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)魚(yu)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)20.2%,分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)5目(mu)6科。兩棲類(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)2目(mu)5科,占(zhan)吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兩棲類(lei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)62.5%。爬行類(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)爬行類(lei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)61.1%,分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)2個(ge)亞目(mu)4科。鳥類(lei)132種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)16目(mu)41科,占(zhan)吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鳥類(lei)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)37%。哺乳類(lei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)6目(mu)15科。
在(zai)濕(shi)地公園分布的206種(zhong)(zhong)野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物中,共有(you)(you)國家(jia)(jia)保護野生(sheng)動(dong)物26種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中:國家(jia)(jia)一級保護野生(sheng)動(dong)物2種(zhong)(zhong),即金(jin)雕和(he)紫貂;國家(jia)(jia)II級保護動(dong)物24種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中鳥(niao)類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong),包括(kuo)白額雁、鴛鴦、黑(hei)(hei)鳶、禿鷲、白頭鷂、鵲鷂、日本松雀鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、蒼鷹(ying)、普通鵟(kuang)、大(da)鵟(kuang)、紅(hong)隼、紅(hong)腳隼、花(hua)尾榛雞、領角鸮(xiao)(xiao)、紅(hong)角鸮(xiao)(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)(xiao)、長尾林鸮(xiao)(xiao)、長耳鸮(xiao)(xiao)和(he)短耳鸮(xiao)(xiao),哺(bu)乳類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong),即黑(hei)(hei)熊、水(shui)獺和(he)馬鹿(lu);另有(you)(you)國家(jia)(jia)保護水(shui)生(sheng)動(dong)物1種(zhong)(zhong),即細鱗魚。
吉林汪清(qing)嘎呀河國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)以優(you)(you)美的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自然景(jing)觀(guan)、豐富的(de)(de)生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)以及深厚(hou)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)底蘊,成為濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)教(jiao)學、科研及濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)旅(lv)游(you)(you)的(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)場所,使游(you)(you)人(ren)在體驗優(you)(you)美濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、森林景(jing)觀(guan)的(de)(de)同(tong)時,感性(xing)化(hua)接受濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)重大意(yi)義、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)科普知識等,可(ke)以促進全(quan)民參與濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)氛圍的(de)(de)逐步形成,對于推進濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)事業的(de)(de)全(quan)面發展具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)作用和(he)意(yi)義。同(tong)時,可(ke)以讓更多人(ren)認識濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),感受濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua),了解(jie)保護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及其(qi)野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物、保護(hu)自然生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環境的(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing),培養人(ren)與自然和(he)諧的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)價值觀(guan)和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)倫理(li)道德觀(guan),增強人(ren)們愛護(hu)環境、保護(hu)自然的(de)(de)自覺(jue)意(yi)識。促進企(qi)業與外界的(de)(de)交流,進一步改(gai)善企(qi)業運行(xing)和(he)投融資環境以及提升企(qi)業良好的(de)(de)社會形象具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)作用。