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吉林汪清嘎呀河國家濕(shi)地(di)公園位于延(yan)邊(bian)州汪清縣天(tian)橋嶺林業(ye)局(ju)北(bei)部(bu)的(de)八(ba)人(ren)(ren)溝林場。北(bei)部(bu)與正在(zai)規劃的(de)吉林天(tian)橋嶺東(dong)北(bei)虎保護區相鄰、南接天(tian)橋嶺鎮響水(shui)村(cun)北(bei)部(bu)、東(dong)西(xi)主要(yao)以公路及農田等標志物為界(jie)，范(fan)圍包括八(ba)人(ren)(ren)溝林場的(de)6、10、11、26、18、38、23、48、49、64、63、71、72、77、81、84、85 南市(shi)林班部(bu)分區域。地(di)理坐標為北(bei)緯 43°47′44″～43°54′47″N，東(dong)經129°48′33″ ～129°51′38″E，總面積1161.0hm2。主要(yao)分為河流濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)和人(ren)(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)3大類(lei)，森林沼澤(ze)、灌(guan)叢(cong)沼澤(ze)、草(cao)本沼澤(ze)、沼澤(ze)化草(cao)甸、水(shui)產(chan)養殖場、庫塘和稻田8個型。

濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)主體屬圖們(men)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系，其中(zhong)嘎呀(ya)(ya)河(he)是公(gong)園(yuan)內主要河(he)流(liu)(liu)，起源(yuan)(yuan)于汪(wang)清北側草帽子(zi)頂山附近，流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)為6242km2，與海蘭江(jiang)匯(hui)合流(liu)(liu)入圖們(men)江(jiang)，屬圖們(men)江(jiang)一級支流(liu)(liu)，流(liu)(liu)長108.7km，寬15～25m，河(he)深1.2m，流(liu)(liu)速每秒0.6m。公(gong)園(yuan)內嘎呀(ya)(ya)河(he)流(liu)(liu)長14.4km，流(liu)(liu)域多年平(ping)均地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)為26.87×108m3。

根(gen)據濕(shi)地景觀(guan)的(de)異質(zhi)性，濕(shi)地公園內的(de)土(tu)壤分為(wei)受淹(yan)土(tu)壤和(he)非受淹(yan)土(tu)壤兩大類(lei)型(xing)。（1）受淹(yan)土(tu)壤類(lei)型(xing)：一般(ban)可分為(wei)草甸(dian)土(tu)、草甸(dian)沼澤土(tu)和(he)水(shui)(shui)下沉積(ji)物三(san)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)。（2）非受淹(yan)土(tu)壤類(lei)型(xing)：主要有灰棕壤、沖積(ji)土(tu)和(he)水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)等(deng)三(san)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)。

本區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系組成(cheng)比較復(fu)雜，野生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)十分豐富。據初步(bu)調查統計，濕(shi)地(di)公園內有(you)野生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共計308種，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)蘚類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)4屬(shu)12種；濕(shi)地(di)維(wei)管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)296種，隸(li)屬(shu)于60科(ke)，149屬(shu)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)6科(ke)8屬(shu)13種；種子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)54科(ke)141屬(shu)283種，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)裸(luo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)4屬(shu)5種，被子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)53科(ke)137屬(shu)278種。

濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源豐富。縱向穿過濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘎(ga)呀河(he)流域(yu)水(shui)資源十分豐富，區域(yu)內(nei)形成(cheng)大(da)面積草本沼澤、灌叢沼澤、森林(lin)(lin)(lin)沼澤和(he)沼澤化草甸(dian)。區域(yu)地(di)形特(te)殊，植被類(lei)(lei)型(xing)多樣(yang)，造就復雜多樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境，為野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)提供了適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁衍(yan)、棲(qi)息生境。根據實地(di)考察和(he)資料(liao)查(cha)詢，該區域(yu)分布有脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)206種(zhong)(zhong)，占吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)已知脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35.2%，分別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)(shu)于5綱30目(mu)(mu)71科(ke)。其中(zhong)：魚類(lei)(lei)22種(zhong)(zhong)，占吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)魚類(lei)(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20.2%，分別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)(shu)5目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)。兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)(shu)2目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)，占吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)62.5%。爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)，占吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)61.1%，分別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)(shu)2個亞目(mu)(mu)4科(ke)。鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)132種(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)(shu)16目(mu)(mu)41科(ke)，占吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)37%。哺乳類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)(bie)隸屬(shu)(shu)6目(mu)(mu)15科(ke)。

在濕地(di)公園分布的(de)206種(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物中，共(gong)有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物26種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中：國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物2種(zhong)(zhong)，即金雕(diao)和(he)紫貂(diao)；國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)II級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物24種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中鳥類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括白額雁、鴛鴦、黑鳶、禿(tu)鷲、白頭鷂、鵲鷂、日本松雀(que)鷹、雀(que)鷹、蒼鷹、普通(tong)鵟、大鵟、紅隼、紅腳隼、花尾榛雞、領角鸮、紅角鸮、雕(diao)鸮、長尾林鸮、長耳鸮和(he)短(duan)耳鸮，哺乳類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)，即黑熊、水獺和(he)馬鹿(lu)；另(ling)有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)水生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物1種(zhong)(zhong)，即細鱗(lin)魚。

吉(ji)林汪清嘎呀河國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園以(yi)(yi)(yi)優(you)美的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)自(zi)(zi)然景觀(guan)、豐富的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)深厚的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)底(di)蘊，成為(wei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)教學(xue)、科研及(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)的(de)理(li)想場所，使游(you)人(ren)(ren)在體(ti)驗優(you)美濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、森(sen)林景觀(guan)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，感性化(hua)(hua)接受(shou)(shou)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)意(yi)義、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)科普知識等(deng)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)促進(jin)(jin)全(quan)民參與(yu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)氛圍的(de)逐步形成，對于推進(jin)(jin)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)事業的(de)全(quan)面發展具有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)意(yi)義。同(tong)時(shi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)讓(rang)更(geng)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)認識濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)，感受(shou)(shou)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)，了解保(bao)護(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)及(ji)其野生(sheng)(sheng)動植物、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)性，培養人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)(zi)然和(he)諧的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)價(jia)值觀(guan)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)倫(lun)理(li)道德(de)觀(guan)，增強人(ren)(ren)們(men)愛護(hu)(hu)環境(jing)、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)自(zi)(zi)然的(de)自(zi)(zi)覺意(yi)識。促進(jin)(jin)企(qi)業與(yu)外界(jie)的(de)交流，進(jin)(jin)一步改善企(qi)業運行和(he)投融資環境(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)提升企(qi)業良好的(de)社會(hui)形象具有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。