黑龍江(jiang)大興(xing)安嶺(ling)(ling)砍都河國家濕(shi)地(di)公園位于黑龍江(jiang)省松嶺(ling)(ling)林業局境內,距離(li)松嶺(ling)(ling)林業局局址駐地(di)小揚氣(qi)鎮(zhen)直線距離(li)約55公里。總面(mian)(mian)積7765公頃,其中濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積5298公頃,濕(shi)地(di)率為68.2%。劃分為濕(shi)地(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、恢復重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)、宣教展示區(qu)(qu)、合理利用區(qu)(qu)、管理服務區(qu)(qu)五個功能區(qu)(qu)。
砍都河(he)國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)黑龍江省大興(xing)安嶺(ling)伊勒(le)呼(hu)里(li)山南(nan)麓松嶺(ling)林業局境內,距離小揚氣鎮直線距離約55公(gong)里(li)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)東部緊鄰南(nan)甕河(he)國家(jia)級自然保護區、國際重要濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總面積(ji)7765公(gong)頃(qing),其中濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)5298公(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率為(wei)68.2%。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園有(you)大面積(ji)森林、濕(shi)地(di)(di),以河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)為核心,草本沼澤為主體占(zhan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)面積(ji)中百分(fen)之八十以上(shang)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園內(nei)的寒溫(wen)帶大型河谷沼澤平坦開闊,塔頭遍布,白樺等喬木成(cheng)島(dao)嶼狀分(fen)布在沼澤中,稱(cheng)為島(dao)狀林,為大興安嶺所(suo)特有(you)。
保護區內現已(yi)發現維管(guan)束植物(wu)(wu)61科800余種(zhong),野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)49種(zhong),鳥類216種(zhong)、兩棲爬行動物(wu)(wu)及魚類44種(zhong),基本涵蓋了大興安嶺寒(han)溫帶原始林區內所有的陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、濕(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)類群物(wu)(wu)種(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性極(ji)為(wei)豐(feng)富。
砍都河為嫩江一級(ji)支流,屬嫩江水系,濕(shi)地公(gong)園地處(chu)嫩江源地區,濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)態系統結構和功能完整,生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性豐(feng)富,自然特征(zheng)突出。濕(shi)地公(gong)園位于我國(guo)東(dong)部候(hou)鳥(niao)遷徙通道上,是(shi)眾多候(hou)鳥(niao)的停歇地,有鳥(niao)類16目39科115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中國(guo)家一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護鳥(niao)類東(dong)方白(bai)鸛、金(jin)雕(diao)、白(bai)尾海雕(diao)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護鳥(niao)類17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此外(wai)還有國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護獸類2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護植物3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。