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基本介紹

湖南(nan)(nan)洞口(kou)平(ping)溪(xi)(xi)江(jiang)國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園(yuan)湖南(nan)(nan)洞口(kou)平(ping)溪(xi)(xi)江(jiang)國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園(yuan)地處洞口(kou)縣(xian)，以對平(ping)溪(xi)(xi)江(jiang)實施整體保護為原(yuan)則，西與羅溪(xi)(xi)國(guo)家森林公園(yuan)龍眼(yan)洞景區比鄰，東(dong)與資江(jiang)0匯，全長(chang)43.8公里，東(dong)經110°32'7"～110°51'53"，北緯27°3'14"～27°6'11"。規劃總面積981.6公頃。洞口(kou)縣(xian)屬國(guo)家級農產品主產區，亦是(shi)衡邵干旱(han)走(zou)廊的重度干旱(han)縣(xian)，水資源的保護具有迫切性與必(bi)要性。

平(ping)溪江(jiang)作(zuo)為洞口縣的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)親河(he)，西(xi)處雪(xue)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓，東(dong)入資水(shui)口，經縣城(cheng)穿經而(er)過，不(bu)僅是雪(xue)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)屏障的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要組成部分，也是資江(jiang)流(liu)域濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)建設和保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要廊道(dao)，是構建湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)"一湖(hu)(hu)(hu)三山(shan)(shan)(shan)四水(shui)"生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)(quan)屏障的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要組成，為全(quan)(quan)國商品(pin)糧基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縣的(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)及(ji)沿岸20多(duo)(duo)萬居民飲用水(shui)源(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)提(ti)供(gong)了水(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)障；并地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處為我國南(nan)北(bei)鳥(niao)類遷徙帶上，為眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)遷徙水(shui)禽提(ti)供(gong)了重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要停(ting)歇地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和覓食(shi)場(chang)所(suo)；濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)區(qu)(qu)位優(you)良。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積704.9公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)率71.8%，其中(zhong)(zhong)：永久(jiu)性(xing)河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)588.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，洪泛(fan)平(ping)原(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)116.4公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，洲島11處，河(he)灘(tan)密布。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形開闊(kuo)、河(he)床(chuang)相對寬闊(kuo)，水(shui)流(liu)平(ping)緩，河(he)道(dao)彎曲，漫(man)灘(tan)、江(jiang)心洲發育，兩(liang)岸級(ji)階段地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)垣開闊(kuo)，一般(ban)高出(chu)河(he)床(chuang)2-3米，體現出(chu)溪谷平(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)與丘崗區(qu)(qu)河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)典型特(te)征，在湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)代表(biao)性(xing)，在湘西(xi)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)特(te)性(xing)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物資源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)。分布有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)維管植(zhi)物149科(ke)，412屬，804種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)維管植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)18.6%，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以菖蒲(pu)、短(duan)尖苔草、虉草、節節草、益母(mu)(mu)草、球果蔊(han)菜等為優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物100余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。分布有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物154種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬25目67科(ke)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已知脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)16.8%，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鳥(niao)類93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)發現有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國家重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點二級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)物樟樹、野大豆、金(jin)蕎麥；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)列為國家二級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)日候鳥(niao)保(bao)護物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)澳(ao)候鳥(niao)保(bao)護物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；列入《瀕危動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際(ji)貿易公(gong)(gong)約》的(de)(de)(de)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物資類群多(duo)(duo)樣，代表(biao)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)齊全(quan)(quan)，無論物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)還是科(ke)數(shu)(shu)，在省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)都占(zhan)較高比例，在湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)典型性(xing)與代表(biao)性(xing)，彰顯了濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)富(fu)性(xing)、多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)和重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)珍稀保(bao)護價值(zhi)。

濕(shi)(shi)地公園濕(shi)(shi)地景(jing)觀(guan)資源豐富，形成(cheng)了以(yi)洲?水(shui)(shui)?林?園為(wei)載體，融古、紅(hong)、綠(lv)、藍于一體。肖氏宗祠(ci)、鐘元帥廟、文(wen)(wen)昌塔、青(qing)云塔等(deng)(deng)國家(jia)、省級重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)文(wen)(wen)物點綴其(qi)中，古色古調(diao)；賀龍、肖克(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨時戰斗指揮部和紅(hong)軍主(zhu)力宿(su)營地以(yi)及紅(hong)軍標語墻等(deng)(deng)展(zhan)(zhan)現出深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)色文(wen)(wen)化；回龍洲、伏(fu)龍洲為(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)眾多(duo)洲灘(tan)，洲內古木(mu)參天(tian)，群鳥(niao)展(zhan)(zhan)翅，楓楊(yang)林、垂(chui)柳林、樟(zhang)樹林、楠竹林、蘆(lu)葦灘(tan)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)被景(jing)觀(guan)，蔥綠(lv)蒼翠；平(ping)溪江、西洋江、黃泥江等(deng)(deng)蜿蜒曲折、婀娜多(duo)姿，水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清幽、形成(cheng)連(lian)接自然(ran)(ran)景(jing)觀(guan)與人文(wen)(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍色紐(niu)帶。濕(shi)(shi)地景(jing)觀(guan)多(duo)樣性(xing)類型(xing)效應明顯。濕(shi)(shi)地公園秉承"保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)優先、科學恢(hui)復(fu)、合理(li)利用、持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導思想，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教展(zhan)(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合理(li)利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和管理(li)服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)5個功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)"一江兩系"：即(ji)平(ping)溪江水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、支(zhi)流水(shui)(shui)系保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、洪泛平(ping)原(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地生(sheng)態體系保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)；面(mian)(mian)積(ji)600.7公頃，占總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)61.2%。規劃沿平(ping)溪江及支(zhi)流水(shui)(shui)系周邊開展(zhan)(zhan)農業面(mian)(mian)源污(wu)染防治(zhi)、社區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)活垃圾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)等(deng)(deng)防治(zhi)措(cuo)施，加強(qiang)水(shui)(shui)岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、修復(fu)，構建健康的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)岸生(sheng)態系統，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)濕(shi)(shi)地公園水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)與水(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)(ran)特性(xing)；對(dui)洪泛平(ping)原(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地生(sheng)態體系進行嚴格保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，加強(qiang)濕(shi)(shi)地植(zhi)被的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)，適度開展(zhan)(zhan)棲息地恢(hui)復(fu)和營建項目，提升濕(shi)(shi)地公園的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態功能。

恢復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃為"一帶兩區(qu)(qu)"：即(ji)"兩岸"防護(hu)景(jing)觀林(lin)(lin)帶重(zhong)建(jian)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)、上渡頭(tou)采砂跡地(di)(di)恢復(fu)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)、石(shi)江河水系優化疏通小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)；面(mian)積(ji)249.3公頃，占(zhan)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25.3%。規(gui)劃以保持平(ping)溪江生態系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完整性為目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，旨在通過對(dui)(dui)現有河岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人工林(lin)(lin)、純(chun)林(lin)(lin)進行植(zhi)被(bei)改造，對(dui)(dui)兩側植(zhi)被(bei)不連續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域實(shi)施景(jing)觀防護(hu)林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)建(jian)，形(xing)成濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色景(jing)觀防護(hu)帶，構(gou)建(jian)農田(tian)生態系統(tong)與濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統(tong)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態廊道(dao)。并(bing)通過對(dui)(dui)上渡頭(tou)、石(shi)江河等河段開(kai)展水系疏通、水系優化等措施，以恢復(fu)和(he)重(zhong)建(jian)結構(gou)完善(shan)、功(gong)能完備和(he)景(jing)觀優美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態河段，維持濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效發(fa)揮。

科普(pu)宣(xuan)教區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)"兩洲一廊"：即(ji)伏龍洲文(wen)化展(zhan)(zhan)示園(yuan)(yuan)、回龍洲生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)科普(pu)宣(xuan)教園(yuan)(yuan)、木瓜(gua)橋(qiao)"十里畫廊"宣(xuan)教帶；面積34.5公(gong)(gong)頃，占總面積的(de)(de)3.5%。規(gui)劃將回龍洲定位(wei)(wei)為(wei)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu)為(wei)主，以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)科普(pu)宣(xuan)教為(wei)主題，集(ji)休閑(xian)、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)為(wei)一體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)科普(pu)宣(xuan)教園(yuan)(yuan)；將伏龍洲定位(wei)(wei)為(wei)以(yi)文(wen)化保護(hu)為(wei)核心，傳承民(min)俗(su)文(wen)化、宗祠文(wen)化、濕(shi)地(di)文(wen)化為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)民(min)俗(su)文(wen)化園(yuan)(yuan)；將木瓜(gua)橋(qiao)"十里畫廊"定位(wei)(wei)為(wei)觀(guan)(guan)光、體(ti)驗、欣賞(shang)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)洲?水?林(lin)(lin)?園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)長廊。以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)科普(pu)、文(wen)化展(zhan)(zhan)示、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)休閑(xian)為(wei)一體(ti)、零距離接近(jin)大(da)自然的(de)(de)理想場所。合理利用區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)"三(san)洲一帶"：即(ji)田家洲生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)林(lin)(lin)觀(guan)(guan)光園(yuan)(yuan)、水腳(jiao)下(xia)洲生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)農(nong)林(lin)(lin)產(chan)業基地(di)、石灣洲雪峰(feng)密桔觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)采摘(zhai)(zhai)園(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及縣(xian)城區(qu)(qu)沿江風(feng)光帶；面積89.3公(gong)(gong)頃，占總面積的(de)(de)9.1%。規(gui)劃建(jian)設形(xing)(xing)成生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)觀(guan)(guan)光、果蔬采摘(zhai)(zhai)、農(nong)作體(ti)驗等各(ge)具(ju)特色的(de)(de)綠色農(nong)林(lin)(lin)產(chan)業園(yuan)(yuan)與市民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)休閑(xian)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)、科普(pu)宣(xuan)教等為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)集(ji)散(san)帶，滿足濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)，市民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)休閑(xian)，周邊農(nong)耕產(chan)業和諧發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)需要。

管理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃為(wei)"一(yi)區(qu)(qu)三(san)站四點"的建設格(ge)局(ju)：即桃花島(dao)濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)管理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)、三(san)個濕地(di)保(bao)(bao)護管理(li)(li)站、四個社區(qu)(qu)共(gong)建共(gong)管點。面(mian)積7.8公(gong)頃，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積的0.8%，規劃按著精簡、高(gao)效、實(shi)用的原(yuan)則，將濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)管理(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)打(da)造成管理(li)(li)、科(ke)研、監測等多功能為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)的集散中心，滿足濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的發展需求。在功能分區(qu)(qu)的指導下，規劃通過"三(san)江、兩岸、六洲、五園(yuan)、多點"的總(zong)體(ti)布局(ju)，將濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)打(da)造成以雪峰山(shan)-資江水系廊道(dao)生態(tai)系統保(bao)(bao)護保(bao)(bao)育為(wei)核心，以獨具特(te)色的洲?水?林?園(yuan)于一(yi)體(ti)的生態(tai)系統為(wei)特(te)色，以宗(zong)祠、塔(ta)、廟等重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護文物(wu)所蘊含的歷史文化為(wei)內涵；集生態(tai)保(bao)(bao)護、科(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)、生態(tai)旅(lv)游、科(ke)研監測于一(yi)體(ti)國家級濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)。