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基本介紹

湖南洞口平溪(xi)江(jiang)國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)湖南洞口平溪(xi)江(jiang)國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)地(di)處(chu)洞口縣(xian)，以對(dui)平溪(xi)江(jiang)實(shi)施(shi)整體(ti)保護(hu)為原則，西與(yu)(yu)羅溪(xi)國(guo)家(jia)森林公(gong)園(yuan)龍眼洞景(jing)區比鄰，東與(yu)(yu)資江(jiang)0匯，全長43.8公(gong)里，東經110°32'7"～110°51'53"，北(bei)緯27°3'14"～27°6'11"。規劃總(zong)面(mian)積981.6公(gong)頃。洞口縣(xian)屬國(guo)家(jia)級農產品主產區，亦是(shi)衡邵干旱走廊的重度干旱縣(xian)，水資源的保護(hu)具有迫切性與(yu)(yu)必要性。

平(ping)溪(xi)江作為洞口(kou)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母親河(he)，西(xi)處雪(xue)峰(feng)(feng)山東麓，東入(ru)資(zi)水(shui)口(kou)，經(jing)縣(xian)城穿經(jing)而過，不僅是(shi)雪(xue)峰(feng)(feng)山生態(tai)屏(ping)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分，也是(shi)資(zi)江流(liu)(liu)域濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系統(tong)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要廊道，是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)湖(hu)(hu)南"一湖(hu)(hu)三山四(si)水(shui)"生態(tai)安全(quan)屏(ping)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成(cheng)，為全(quan)國(guo)商(shang)品糧基地(di)(di)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)生產及(ji)沿岸20多(duo)(duo)萬居(ju)民飲用水(shui)源(yuan)安全(quan)提供了水(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)；并地(di)(di)處為我(wo)國(guo)南北鳥(niao)類遷(qian)徙(xi)帶(dai)上，為眾多(duo)(duo)遷(qian)徙(xi)水(shui)禽提供了重(zhong)(zhong)要停歇地(di)(di)和(he)(he)覓食(shi)場所；濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)生態(tai)區位優良(liang)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積704.9公(gong)頃(qing)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)率71.8%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：永(yong)久性河(he)流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)588.5公(gong)頃(qing)，洪泛平(ping)原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)116.4公(gong)頃(qing)，洲島(dao)11處，河(he)灘(tan)密布(bu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)形開闊、河(he)床相對寬闊，水(shui)流(liu)(liu)平(ping)緩，河(he)道彎曲(qu)，漫(man)灘(tan)、江心洲發育，兩岸級階段地(di)(di)平(ping)垣開闊，一般高(gao)出河(he)床2-3米(mi)，體(ti)現出溪(xi)谷(gu)平(ping)原區與(yu)丘崗區河(he)流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)特征，在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)具有(you)(you)(you)代表性，在(zai)湘西(xi)南山地(di)(di)區具有(you)(you)(you)獨特性。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富。分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)維管(guan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)149科，412屬(shu)，804種(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)維管(guan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.6%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)以菖蒲、短尖苔草(cao)(cao)、虉(yi)草(cao)(cao)、節節草(cao)(cao)、益母草(cao)(cao)、球果(guo)蔊菜等為優勢(shi)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)100余種(zhong)。分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)野(ye)生脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)154種(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)25目67科，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)已知脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總種(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)16.8%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)鳥(niao)類93種(zhong)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內發現有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點二級保(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)樟樹、野(ye)大豆、金蕎麥(mai)；有(you)(you)(you)列為國(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)日候鳥(niao)保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)29種(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥(niao)保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)8種(zhong)；列入(ru)《瀕危動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)16種(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)12種(zhong)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)類群(qun)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)，代表物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)齊全(quan)，無(wu)論物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)數(shu)還是(shi)科數(shu)，在(zai)省(sheng)內都占(zhan)較(jiao)高(gao)比例，在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)內具有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)性與(yu)代表性，彰顯(xian)了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富性、多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)稀(xi)保(bao)(bao)護價值。

濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景觀資(zi)源豐富，形(xing)成了以洲?水?林?園為(wei)載體(ti)，融古(gu)(gu)、紅(hong)、綠、藍于一(yi)體(ti)。肖(xiao)氏(shi)宗祠、鐘元帥廟、文(wen)(wen)昌塔(ta)、青(qing)云塔(ta)等(deng)國(guo)家、省級重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)點綴其中，古(gu)(gu)色(se)古(gu)(gu)調(diao)；賀龍(long)、肖(xiao)克的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨時戰斗指(zhi)揮部和紅(hong)軍主力(li)宿(su)營地(di)(di)以及(ji)紅(hong)軍標(biao)語墻等(deng)展(zhan)現出深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)色(se)文(wen)(wen)化；回龍(long)洲、伏(fu)龍(long)洲為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)眾多(duo)(duo)(duo)洲灘(tan)，洲內古(gu)(gu)木參天，群鳥(niao)展(zhan)翅，楓楊林、垂柳林、樟樹林、楠竹林、蘆葦灘(tan)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)被(bei)景觀，蔥綠蒼翠；平溪江(jiang)(jiang)、西(xi)洋江(jiang)(jiang)、黃泥江(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)蜿蜒曲折、婀娜(na)多(duo)(duo)(duo)姿，水質(zhi)清幽、形(xing)成連接(jie)自然(ran)景觀與人文(wen)(wen)景觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍色(se)紐帶。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景觀多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性類型效應明顯。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園秉(bing)承"保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)優先、科學恢復(fu)、合理(li)(li)利用(yong)、持續(xu)發展(zhan)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導思想，區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢復(fu)重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)、合理(li)(li)利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和管理(li)(li)服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)5個(ge)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)為(wei)"一(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)兩系(xi)(xi)"：即平溪江(jiang)(jiang)水質(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)、支流水系(xi)(xi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)、洪泛平原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態體(ti)系(xi)(xi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)小區(qu)(qu)(qu)；面積(ji)(ji)600.7公(gong)(gong)頃，占總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)61.2%。規劃(hua)沿平溪江(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)支流水系(xi)(xi)周邊開展(zhan)農業面源污染防治(zhi)、社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)活(huo)垃圾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)等(deng)防治(zhi)措施，加(jia)強(qiang)水岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、修復(fu)，構(gou)建(jian)健康的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水岸生(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園水質(zhi)與水系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)特(te)性；對洪泛平原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態體(ti)系(xi)(xi)進行嚴格(ge)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，加(jia)強(qiang)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)植(zhi)被(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)，適度開展(zhan)棲息地(di)(di)恢復(fu)和營建(jian)項目，提升濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態功能。

恢復重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)區(qu)劃為"一帶兩區(qu)"：即(ji)"兩岸"防護景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)林帶重(zhong)建(jian)小區(qu)、上渡頭(tou)(tou)采(cai)砂跡(ji)地恢復小區(qu)、石江(jiang)河(he)水系(xi)優(you)(you)化疏通小區(qu)；面積249.3公(gong)頃，占總面積的(de)25.3%。規劃以保(bao)持平溪江(jiang)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統的(de)完整性為目的(de)，旨在通過(guo)對現有(you)河(he)岸的(de)人工林、純林進行植被(bei)改造，對兩側(ce)植被(bei)不連續的(de)區(qu)域實施(shi)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)防護林的(de)重(zhong)建(jian)，形成濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)完整的(de)綠色景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)防護帶，構建(jian)農田生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統與(yu)濕(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統之間的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)廊道。并通過(guo)對上渡頭(tou)(tou)、石江(jiang)河(he)等河(he)段開展水系(xi)疏通、水系(xi)優(you)(you)化等措施(shi)，以恢復和重(zhong)建(jian)結構完善、功能完備和景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)優(you)(you)美的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)河(he)段，維(wei)持濕(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)功能的(de)有(you)效發(fa)揮。

科(ke)(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)"兩洲(zhou)一廊(lang)"：即伏龍洲(zhou)文(wen)化展(zhan)示園(yuan)(yuan)、回龍洲(zhou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)科(ke)(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)(yuan)、木瓜橋"十(shi)里(li)畫(hua)(hua)廊(lang)"宣教(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)；面積34.5公頃，占總面積的(de)(de)3.5%。規劃(hua)(hua)將回龍洲(zhou)定位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)科(ke)(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)題，集(ji)休(xiu)閑(xian)、旅游(you)為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)科(ke)(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)(yuan)；將伏龍洲(zhou)定位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)以(yi)文(wen)化保護為(wei)(wei)核心，傳承民(min)(min)俗文(wen)化、宗祠文(wen)化、濕地(di)文(wen)化為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)俗文(wen)化園(yuan)(yuan)；將木瓜橋"十(shi)里(li)畫(hua)(hua)廊(lang)"定位(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)觀光(guang)、體(ti)驗、欣賞(shang)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)洲(zhou)?水?林(lin)?園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)景觀長(chang)廊(lang)。以(yi)形成(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)科(ke)(ke)普(pu)、文(wen)化展(zhan)示、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)休(xiu)閑(xian)為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)、零距(ju)離(li)接近大自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)理想場所。合理利(li)用區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)"三洲(zhou)一帶(dai)"：即田家(jia)洲(zhou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)林(lin)觀光(guang)園(yuan)(yuan)、水腳下(xia)洲(zhou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)農(nong)林(lin)產業(ye)基地(di)、石灣(wan)洲(zhou)雪峰密桔觀賞(shang)采摘(zhai)園(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及縣城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)沿江風(feng)光(guang)帶(dai)；面積89.3公頃，占總面積的(de)(de)9.1%。規劃(hua)(hua)建設形成(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)觀光(guang)、果蔬采摘(zhai)、農(nong)作體(ti)驗等各具特色的(de)(de)綠色農(nong)林(lin)產業(ye)園(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)市民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)休(xiu)閑(xian)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)旅游(you)、科(ke)(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)(jiao)等為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)集(ji)散帶(dai)，滿(man)足(zu)濕地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)開展(zhan)濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)旅游(you)，市民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)休(xiu)閑(xian)，周邊農(nong)耕產業(ye)和諧發展(zhan)的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。

管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)服務(wu)區(qu)區(qu)劃為"一區(qu)三站(zhan)四點(dian)"的(de)(de)建設(she)格局：即桃(tao)花(hua)島濕地(di)公(gong)園管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)服務(wu)區(qu)、三個濕地(di)保護管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)站(zhan)、四個社區(qu)共(gong)建共(gong)管(guan)點(dian)。面積(ji)7.8公(gong)頃，占總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)0.8%，規(gui)劃按(an)著精簡(jian)、高效(xiao)、實(shi)用的(de)(de)原(yuan)則，將(jiang)(jiang)濕地(di)公(gong)園管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)服務(wu)區(qu)打造成管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、科研、監測等多功能為一體(ti)的(de)(de)集(ji)散(san)中心(xin)，滿足濕地(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)發展需求。在功能分區(qu)的(de)(de)指導下，規(gui)劃通過"三江、兩岸、六(liu)洲(zhou)、五園、多點(dian)"的(de)(de)總(zong)體(ti)布局，將(jiang)(jiang)濕地(di)公(gong)園打造成以(yi)雪(xue)峰山-資(zi)江水系(xi)廊道生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統保護保育(yu)為核心(xin)，以(yi)獨具(ju)特色(se)的(de)(de)洲(zhou)?水?林(lin)?園于(yu)一體(ti)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統為特色(se)，以(yi)宗祠、塔、廟等重點(dian)保護文物所蘊含的(de)(de)歷(li)史文化為內涵；集(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)態保護、科普(pu)宣教、生(sheng)(sheng)態旅游、科研監測于(yu)一體(ti)國家級濕地(di)公(gong)園。