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基本介紹

湖(hu)南洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)平溪江國(guo)家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)湖(hu)南洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)平溪江國(guo)家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)地處洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)縣，以對平溪江實施整體保(bao)護為原則，西與(yu)羅溪國(guo)家森林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)龍眼洞(dong)(dong)景區比鄰，東與(yu)資(zi)(zi)江0匯(hui)，全(quan)長43.8公(gong)(gong)里，東經110°32'7"～110°51'53"，北緯27°3'14"～27°6'11"。規劃總面積981.6公(gong)(gong)頃。洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)縣屬國(guo)家級農產(chan)品主產(chan)區，亦是衡邵干旱走廊的重度(du)干旱縣，水資(zi)(zi)源的保(bao)護具有迫(po)切性與(yu)必要性。

平(ping)溪江(jiang)作為洞(dong)口縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)母親河(he)(he)，西處雪(xue)峰(feng)山(shan)東麓，東入資(zi)水口，經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)穿經(jing)而過，不僅是(shi)雪(xue)峰(feng)山(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)屏障的(de)(de)重要組成部分(fen)，也(ye)是(shi)資(zi)江(jiang)流(liu)域濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統建(jian)設和保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)重要廊(lang)道，是(shi)構建(jian)湖南"一湖三山(shan)四(si)水"生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏障的(de)(de)重要組成，為全(quan)國(guo)商品(pin)糧基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)糧食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產及沿岸20多(duo)萬(wan)居(ju)民飲(yin)用水源安(an)全(quan)提供了(le)水源保(bao)障；并地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處為我國(guo)南北鳥(niao)類(lei)遷徙(xi)帶上(shang)，為眾多(duo)遷徙(xi)水禽提供了(le)重要停歇地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和覓食(shi)場所；濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)區位優良。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積704.9公(gong)(gong)頃，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)率71.8%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)：永久(jiu)性河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)588.5公(gong)(gong)頃，洪泛平(ping)原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)116.4公(gong)(gong)頃，洲(zhou)島(dao)11處，河(he)(he)灘(tan)密布。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)開(kai)闊、河(he)(he)床(chuang)相對寬(kuan)闊，水流(liu)平(ping)緩(huan)，河(he)(he)道彎曲，漫(man)灘(tan)、江(jiang)心洲(zhou)發育，兩岸級(ji)(ji)階段地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)垣開(kai)闊，一般高(gao)出河(he)(he)床(chuang)2-3米，體(ti)現出溪谷平(ping)原區與(yu)丘崗區河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)(de)典型特征(zheng)，在湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)具(ju)有(you)(you)代表(biao)(biao)性，在湘西南山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區具(ju)有(you)(you)獨特性。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園動植物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源豐富。分(fen)布有(you)(you)維管植物(wu)(wu)149科(ke)，412屬，804種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)維管植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)18.6%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)以菖蒲、短(duan)尖苔草、虉草、節(jie)節(jie)草、益母草、球果蔊菜(cai)等為優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)100余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。分(fen)布有(you)(you)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)154種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬25目67科(ke)，占湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)已知脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)16.8%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)鳥(niao)類(lei)93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)(nei)發現有(you)(you)國(guo)家重點二(er)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)樟樹、野(ye)(ye)大豆、金蕎(qiao)麥；有(you)(you)列(lie)(lie)為國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)日候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；列(lie)(lie)入《瀕危動植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)(gong)約(yue)》的(de)(de)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)(nei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)資(zi)類(lei)群多(duo)樣，代表(biao)(biao)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)齊全(quan)，無論物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數還(huan)是(shi)科(ke)數，在省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)(nei)都占較高(gao)比例，在湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)(nei)具(ju)有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)典型性與(yu)代表(biao)(biao)性，彰(zhang)顯了(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)豐富性、多(duo)樣性和重要的(de)(de)珍稀(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)價值。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀(guan)資源豐富，形成(cheng)了以(yi)(yi)洲?水(shui)(shui)?林(lin)?園為(wei)載體，融古(gu)、紅、綠、藍于一體。肖氏宗(zong)祠、鐘元(yuan)帥(shuai)廟、文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)塔、青云塔等國(guo)家、省級重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)文(wen)(wen)物點(dian)綴其中(zhong)，古(gu)色(se)古(gu)調(diao)；賀龍(long)、肖克的(de)(de)臨時戰斗指(zhi)揮部和(he)紅軍(jun)(jun)主力宿營地(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)紅軍(jun)(jun)標(biao)語墻等展現出深(shen)厚(hou)的(de)(de)紅色(se)文(wen)(wen)化；回龍(long)洲、伏龍(long)洲為(wei)代表(biao)的(de)(de)等眾多(duo)洲灘，洲內古(gu)木參天，群鳥展翅，楓楊(yang)林(lin)、垂柳(liu)林(lin)、樟樹林(lin)、楠(nan)竹林(lin)、蘆(lu)葦灘等多(duo)類型的(de)(de)植(zhi)被(bei)景觀(guan)，蔥綠蒼翠；平溪江(jiang)、西洋(yang)江(jiang)、黃泥(ni)江(jiang)等蜿蜒曲折、婀(e)娜多(duo)姿，水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)幽、形成(cheng)連接自然(ran)景觀(guan)與(yu)人文(wen)(wen)景觀(guan)的(de)(de)藍色(se)紐(niu)帶。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀(guan)多(duo)樣性(xing)類型效(xiao)應明顯(xian)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園秉承"保護(hu)(hu)優先、科(ke)學恢復、合理(li)(li)利(li)用、持續發展"的(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)思想，區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)保護(hu)(hu)保育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)、合理(li)(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)和(he)管理(li)(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)5個功能區(qu)(qu)。保護(hu)(hu)保育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)"一江(jiang)兩系(xi)(xi)"：即平溪江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)保護(hu)(hu)保育(yu)(yu)小區(qu)(qu)、支(zhi)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)保護(hu)(hu)保育(yu)(yu)小區(qu)(qu)、洪(hong)泛(fan)平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生態(tai)(tai)體系(xi)(xi)保護(hu)(hu)保育(yu)(yu)小區(qu)(qu)；面積(ji)600.7公(gong)(gong)頃，占總面積(ji)的(de)(de)61.2%。規劃(hua)(hua)(hua)沿平溪江(jiang)及(ji)支(zhi)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)周邊(bian)開(kai)展農業面源污染防治(zhi)、社(she)區(qu)(qu)生活垃圾的(de)(de)處理(li)(li)等防治(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)，加(jia)強水(shui)(shui)岸的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)、修復，構建(jian)(jian)健康的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)岸生態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，保障濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)自然(ran)特性(xing)；對(dui)洪(hong)泛(fan)平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生態(tai)(tai)體系(xi)(xi)進行(xing)嚴格保護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，加(jia)強濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)被(bei)的(de)(de)多(duo)樣性(xing)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，適度開(kai)展棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)恢復和(he)營建(jian)(jian)項目，提升濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)生態(tai)(tai)功能。

恢(hui)復重建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)為"一帶(dai)兩區(qu)(qu)"：即"兩岸"防(fang)(fang)護景觀(guan)林帶(dai)重建(jian)(jian)小區(qu)(qu)、上(shang)渡頭采(cai)砂跡(ji)地恢(hui)復小區(qu)(qu)、石江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)水系(xi)(xi)(xi)優(you)化疏通小區(qu)(qu)；面(mian)積249.3公頃，占總面(mian)積的(de)(de)25.3%。規劃(hua)以(yi)保持平(ping)溪江(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)完整性為目的(de)(de)，旨在通過對現有(you)河(he)岸的(de)(de)人(ren)工林、純林進行植(zhi)被改造，對兩側植(zhi)被不連續的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域實施景觀(guan)防(fang)(fang)護林的(de)(de)重建(jian)(jian)，形成濕地公園(yuan)完整的(de)(de)綠色景觀(guan)防(fang)(fang)護帶(dai)，構建(jian)(jian)農田生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)與濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)之間的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)廊道。并通過對上(shang)渡頭、石江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)等(deng)河(he)段開展(zhan)水系(xi)(xi)(xi)疏通、水系(xi)(xi)(xi)優(you)化等(deng)措施，以(yi)恢(hui)復和重建(jian)(jian)結構完善、功(gong)能(neng)完備(bei)和景觀(guan)優(you)美的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)河(he)段，維持濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)有(you)效發揮。

科(ke)普宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)區區劃(hua)為(wei)"兩(liang)洲(zhou)一(yi)廊(lang)(lang)"：即伏龍(long)(long)(long)洲(zhou)文化(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)示園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、回(hui)龍(long)(long)(long)洲(zhou)生態(tai)(tai)科(ke)普宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、木(mu)瓜橋(qiao)"十里(li)畫廊(lang)(lang)"宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)帶(dai)(dai)；面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)34.5公(gong)頃(qing)，占總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.5%。規劃(hua)將(jiang)回(hui)龍(long)(long)(long)洲(zhou)定位(wei)為(wei)以生態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護為(wei)主，以生態(tai)(tai)科(ke)普宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)主題，集休(xiu)(xiu)閑、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)生態(tai)(tai)科(ke)普宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；將(jiang)伏龍(long)(long)(long)洲(zhou)定位(wei)為(wei)以文化(hua)保(bao)護為(wei)核心(xin)，傳承(cheng)民(min)俗文化(hua)、宗祠文化(hua)、濕(shi)地文化(hua)為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)俗文化(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；將(jiang)木(mu)瓜橋(qiao)"十里(li)畫廊(lang)(lang)"定位(wei)為(wei)觀(guan)(guan)光、體(ti)(ti)驗、欣賞(shang)濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)洲(zhou)?水(shui)?林?園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)長廊(lang)(lang)。以形(xing)成(cheng)生態(tai)(tai)科(ke)普、文化(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)示、生態(tai)(tai)休(xiu)(xiu)閑為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)、零距離接近大自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)場所。合理(li)利用區區劃(hua)為(wei)"三洲(zhou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)"：即田家(jia)洲(zhou)生態(tai)(tai)農(nong)林觀(guan)(guan)光園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、水(shui)腳下洲(zhou)生態(tai)(tai)農(nong)林產業基(ji)地、石灣(wan)洲(zhou)雪峰(feng)密桔觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)采(cai)摘(zhai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以及縣城區沿江(jiang)風光帶(dai)(dai)；面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)89.3公(gong)頃(qing)，占總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)9.1%。規劃(hua)建設形(xing)成(cheng)生態(tai)(tai)觀(guan)(guan)光、果蔬采(cai)摘(zhai)、農(nong)作體(ti)(ti)驗等各(ge)具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)農(nong)林產業園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)市民(min)生態(tai)(tai)休(xiu)(xiu)閑、生態(tai)(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)、科(ke)普宣(xuan)(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)等為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集散帶(dai)(dai)，滿足濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開展(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)地生態(tai)(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)，市民(min)生態(tai)(tai)休(xiu)(xiu)閑，周(zhou)邊農(nong)耕產業和諧發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。

管(guan)理服(fu)務(wu)區區劃(hua)(hua)為(wei)"一(yi)區三(san)站(zhan)四點(dian)(dian)"的(de)建設格(ge)局：即桃花(hua)島濕地公(gong)園(yuan)管(guan)理服(fu)務(wu)區、三(san)個(ge)濕地保(bao)(bao)護管(guan)理站(zhan)、四個(ge)社區共建共管(guan)點(dian)(dian)。面積7.8公(gong)頃，占(zhan)總面積的(de)0.8%，規劃(hua)(hua)按著(zhu)精簡、高效、實用的(de)原則，將濕地公(gong)園(yuan)管(guan)理服(fu)務(wu)區打(da)造成(cheng)管(guan)理、科研、監測等多功(gong)能為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)集散(san)中心(xin)，滿足濕地公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)發(fa)展需(xu)求。在功(gong)能分區的(de)指(zhi)導(dao)下，規劃(hua)(hua)通過(guo)"三(san)江、兩岸、六洲、五園(yuan)、多點(dian)(dian)"的(de)總體(ti)(ti)布局，將濕地公(gong)園(yuan)打(da)造成(cheng)以(yi)雪峰(feng)山-資江水系廊道生(sheng)態系統保(bao)(bao)護保(bao)(bao)育為(wei)核心(xin)，以(yi)獨具特色的(de)洲?水?林?園(yuan)于一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)生(sheng)態系統為(wei)特色，以(yi)宗(zong)祠、塔、廟(miao)等重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護文物所(suo)蘊含的(de)歷史文化為(wei)內(nei)涵；集生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)護、科普宣(xuan)教、生(sheng)態旅游、科研監測于一(yi)體(ti)(ti)國家級(ji)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)。