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基本介紹

貴州思南白鷺湖國家濕地公園位于貴州省思南縣、總面積4264.8公頃。貴州(zhou)思(si)南(nan)白鷺湖(hu)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園坐落(luo)于貴州(zhou)省銅仁市(shi)思(si)南(nan)縣縣城南(nan)部18公里烏江河段上(shang)，地(di)處武(wu)陵山腹地(di)，烏江流域的中心地(di)帶，東鄰國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)梵凈(jing)山，西倚歷史(shi)文化名城遵義(yi)，南(nan)靠泉都石阡，北(bei)順烏江達(da)重慶涪陵入(ru)長江。地(di)理坐標(biao)為東經107°55′32"～108°11′18"，北(bei)緯(wei)27°38′55"～27°49′35"。規劃總面(mian)積4264.8公頃。該國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園于2013年12月21日通過國(guo)家(jia)林業局(ju)批復(fu)（林濕(shi)發[2013]243號），目前正進入(ru)試點建設階(jie)段。

貴州思南白鷺湖(hu)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園以在(zai)烏(wu)江中游(you)上(shang)(shang)人工筑壩(ba)形成的白鷺湖(hu)為主體，以白鷺湖(hu)泊沼澤(ze)濕地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系統為核心，以構建(jian)烏(wu)江上(shang)(shang)的生(sheng)態(tai)廊道、完善長江上(shang)(shang)游(you)生(sheng)態(tai)屏障功能為目的而建(jian)立。白鷺湖(hu)濕地(di)公園的自然資源豐富，歷史、人文(wen)景觀(guan)獨特。

濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)：公(gong)(gong)園水(shui)(shui)域(yu)廣(guang)闊，形(xing)(xing)成了(le)自(zi)然河流以及(ji)人(ren)工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)（庫塘(tang)）構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)多(duo)樣。同時(shi)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)與(yu)森林(lin)構(gou)建完(wan)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖光(guang)(guang)山(shan)色(se)美景(jing)，并(bing)且長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)沉淀，使得(de)白(bai)鷺湖國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富，有(you)“百里畫廊”之美譽。一是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)園水(shui)(shui)域(yu)寬(kuan)廣(guang)，總面(mian)積(ji)2514.9公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要水(shui)(shui)域(yu)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)：白(bai)鷺湖、六池河、黑(hei)灘河、黑(hei)鵝(e)溪等。共同形(xing)(xing)成了(le)“平湖”、“水(shui)(shui)巷“、“洞(dong)(dong)溪”、“地(di)(di)下河”等多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)風(feng)貌(mao)。湖水(shui)(shui)清(qing)綠(lv)幽寂(ji)，水(shui)(shui)質清(qing)純。二是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)園呈現出典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)喀斯特地(di)(di)貌(mao)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。山(shan)峰層巒疊嶂，形(xing)(xing)態(tai)各異；峽(xia)谷(gu)壁立千仞(ren)，怪石嶙峋；島嶼點綴其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，風(feng)光(guang)(guang)秀麗；溶洞(dong)(dong)群(qun)(qun)迂回(hui)曲折，巧奪天工(gong)。主(zhu)(zhu)要地(di)(di)文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)：小溪槽天坑、黑(hei)河峽(xia)谷(gu)、鹽井壩島、天生橋以及(ji)馬尾洞(dong)(dong)、犀牛洞(dong)(dong)、仙人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)等溶洞(dong)(dong)群(qun)(qun)。呈現出雄(xiong)偉、險峻、隱蔽(bi)、幽深的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)美學特征，與(yu)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)營造出山(shan)地(di)(di)-峽(xia)谷(gu)-平湖（河流）融為一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)：濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園兩岸(an)(an)藤(teng)蘿懸(xuan)掛(gua)、鴛鴦戲(xi)水(shui)(shui)、野(ye)猴(hou)嬉戲(xi)，水(shui)(shui)鳥(niao)飛鳴，具有(you)結(jie)構(gou)完(wan)善、功能協同的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)-森林(lin)復合(he)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統。據調查(cha)統計，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園及(ji)其(qi)周邊區域(yu)分布有(you)維(wei)管植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53目，120科，252屬，331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)銀杏、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柔毛(mao)油杉。同時(shi)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)有(you)野(ye)生脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)214種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬5綱29目73科；其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)列為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、列入《國(guo)家(jia)(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)者有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要經濟(ji)、科學研究價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)陸生野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)達86種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)給白(bai)鷺湖國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)帶來了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)基礎，一年四季景(jing)色(se)怡人(ren)，可以提供人(ren)們鳥(niao)類觀(guan)(guan)賞、科普教育(yu)、休閑(xian)娛樂等一系(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)項(xiang)目。四是(shi)(shi)天象(xiang)與(yu)氣候景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)：在波光(guang)(guang)粼粼的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖面(mian)上乘坐游船觀(guan)(guan)賞著白(bai)鷺湖夕陽西下，體(ti)驗夕陽下滿載收獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)漁船歸港；屹立于白(bai)鷺湖大壩上，觀(guan)(guan)看一泄數十米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)汽煙云(yun)；白(bai)鷺湖靜(jing)靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流淌在群(qun)(qun)山(shan)當中(zhong)(zhong)，如遇上湖面(mian)上淡淡薄霧，兩岸(an)(an)美麗景(jing)色(se)帶著些(xie)(xie)許朦朧，讓人(ren)暇思聯翩。

文(wen)(wen)化(hua)資源：貴(gui)州思(si)(si)(si)南白(bai)鷺湖國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園所在的(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)南縣(xian)歷史悠久，素有(you)“先思(si)(si)(si)南后貴(gui)州”一說，是(shi)中(zhong)原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)向西南滲透的(de)(de)重要地(di)(di)(di)區，也是(shi)中(zhong)原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)與西南少數民(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)相融合的(de)(de)交接地(di)(di)(di)帶，形成了思(si)(si)(si)南獨(du)特地(di)(di)(di)域民(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。同時濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園處于綿延(yan)縱橫的(de)(de)黃金水道烏江之上，烏江更是(shi)一條連(lian)接長江流(liu)域、云貴(gui)高原(yuan)、巴(ba)蜀地(di)(di)(di)區和(he)湘(xiang)西的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)紐帶，流(liu)域內文(wen)(wen)物古跡遍布，民(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)風(feng)情(qing)濃郁，多元文(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流(liu)碰撞，孕(yun)育了獨(du)具地(di)(di)(di)域特色的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)（烏江）文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。