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基本介紹

貴州思南白鷺湖國家濕地公園位于貴州省思南縣、總面積4264.8公頃。貴州思(si)南(nan)白(bai)鷺湖(hu)國(guo)家濕地(di)公園(yuan)坐落(luo)于(yu)貴州省銅仁市思(si)南(nan)縣縣城(cheng)南(nan)部18公里烏江河段上，地(di)處武陵(ling)山腹地(di)，烏江流(liu)域的中心地(di)帶，東(dong)鄰(lin)國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護區梵凈山，西倚歷史文化名(ming)城(cheng)遵義，南(nan)靠(kao)泉都石阡(qian)，北順烏江達重慶涪陵(ling)入(ru)長江。地(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經107°55′32"～108°11′18"，北緯27°38′55"～27°49′35"。規劃總面積4264.8公頃。該國(guo)家濕地(di)公園(yuan)于(yu)2013年12月21日(ri)通(tong)過國(guo)家林業局批復（林濕發(fa)[2013]243號），目前正進入(ru)試點建設階段。

貴州思南白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)國(guo)家濕地(di)公園(yuan)以在(zai)烏江中游上(shang)人工筑壩形成的(de)白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)為主體，以白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)泊沼澤濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統為核心，以構建(jian)烏江上(shang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態廊道、完善長江上(shang)游生(sheng)(sheng)態屏障(zhang)功(gong)能為目的(de)而建(jian)立。白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)濕地(di)公園(yuan)的(de)自然資源豐富，歷(li)史、人文景觀獨(du)特。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資源(yuan)(yuan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)廣闊，形成了自(zi)然河(he)流(liu)以及(ji)人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)(di)（庫塘）構(gou)(gou)(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)多(duo)樣。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)與(yu)森林構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)完(wan)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)光山(shan)色(se)美景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，并且(qie)長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)文化沉(chen)淀，使(shi)得(de)白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富(fu)，有(you)“百(bai)里畫廊”之(zhi)美譽。一(yi)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)寬廣，總(zong)面(mian)積2514.9公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，主要(yao)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)：白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)、六池河(he)、黑(hei)灘河(he)、黑(hei)鵝(e)溪等(deng)(deng)。共同(tong)(tong)(tong)形成了“平(ping)湖(hu)”、“水(shui)(shui)巷“、“洞(dong)(dong)溪”、“地(di)(di)下河(he)”等(deng)(deng)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)風貌。湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)清綠(lv)幽寂，水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清純。二是(shi)地(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)呈現(xian)出(chu)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喀斯特地(di)(di)貌景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。山(shan)峰層巒疊嶂，形態各異(yi)；峽谷(gu)(gu)壁立(li)(li)千(qian)仞，怪(guai)石嶙峋；島(dao)嶼點綴其(qi)中(zhong)，風光秀(xiu)麗(li)；溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)群(qun)迂回曲折，巧奪天工。主要(yao)地(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)包括(kuo)：小溪槽天坑、黑(hei)河(he)峽谷(gu)(gu)、鹽井壩(ba)島(dao)、天生(sheng)(sheng)橋(qiao)以及(ji)馬尾洞(dong)(dong)、犀牛洞(dong)(dong)、仙人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)群(qun)。呈現(xian)出(chu)雄偉、險峻、隱蔽、幽深的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)美學特征，與(yu)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)營造出(chu)山(shan)地(di)(di)-峽谷(gu)(gu)-平(ping)湖(hu)（河(he)流(liu)）融為一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)岸藤蘿(luo)懸掛、鴛(yuan)鴦戲水(shui)(shui)、野(ye)猴(hou)嬉戲，水(shui)(shui)鳥飛鳴，具有(you)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)完(wan)善、功能協(xie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)-森林復合生(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)。據調查統(tong)(tong)計(ji)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)周邊區域(yu)(yu)(yu)分布有(you)維(wei)管植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53目(mu)，120科，252屬，331種(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)重點保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)，有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)重點保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)銀杏、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)二級(ji)重點保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柔毛油杉(shan)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)214種(zhong)，隸屬5綱29目(mu)73科；其(qi)中(zhong)列為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)二級(ji)重點保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)9種(zhong)、列入《國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)或者有(you)重要(yao)經濟、科學研(yan)究(jiu)價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)達86種(zhong)。這(zhe)些豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)給白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設帶來了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)礎，一(yi)年(nian)四季(ji)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)色(se)怡人(ren)，可以提供(gong)人(ren)們鳥類(lei)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)賞、科普教育、休閑(xian)娛樂等(deng)(deng)一(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游(you)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光項目(mu)。四是(shi)天象(xiang)與(yu)氣候景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：在波光粼粼的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)面(mian)上乘坐游(you)船觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)賞著白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)夕陽西下，體驗夕陽下滿載收(shou)獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)漁船歸港；屹立(li)(li)于白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)大壩(ba)上，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)看一(yi)泄數十米的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)汽(qi)煙云；白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)湖(hu)靜靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)淌在群(qun)山(shan)當中(zhong)，如遇上湖(hu)面(mian)上淡淡薄(bo)霧，兩(liang)岸美麗(li)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)色(se)帶著些許朦朧，讓人(ren)暇思聯翩。

文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源：貴(gui)州思南白鷺湖國(guo)家濕地(di)(di)(di)公園所在的(de)思南縣歷史悠久，素有“先思南后貴(gui)州”一(yi)說(shuo)，是(shi)中原文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)向西南滲透的(de)重要地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，也是(shi)中原文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與西南少(shao)數民(min)族文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)相融合(he)的(de)交接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)帶，形成了(le)思南獨特(te)地(di)(di)(di)域民(min)族文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。同時濕地(di)(di)(di)公園處(chu)于綿(mian)延縱橫的(de)黃金(jin)水道烏(wu)江之上(shang)，烏(wu)江更是(shi)一(yi)條連(lian)接(jie)長江流域、云貴(gui)高(gao)原、巴(ba)蜀地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)和湘(xiang)西的(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)紐帶，流域內文(wen)物古跡遍(bian)布(bu)，民(min)族文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)風情(qing)濃郁，多元文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流碰撞，孕(yun)育了(le)獨具地(di)(di)(di)域特(te)色的(de)濕地(di)(di)(di)（烏(wu)江）文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。