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基本介紹

貴州思南白鷺湖國家濕地公園位于貴州省思南縣、總面積4264.8公頃。貴州(zhou)思(si)南(nan)(nan)白鷺湖國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地公園坐落于貴州(zhou)省銅仁市思(si)南(nan)(nan)縣縣城南(nan)(nan)部18公里烏江河段上(shang)，地處(chu)武陵山(shan)腹地，烏江流(liu)域的中心地帶(dai)，東鄰國家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區梵凈山(shan)，西(xi)倚歷史文化名城遵義，南(nan)(nan)靠泉都石阡，北順烏江達(da)重慶(qing)涪陵入長江。地理(li)坐標為東經(jing)107°55′32"～108°11′18"，北緯(wei)27°38′55"～27°49′35"。規劃總面積4264.8公頃(qing)。該國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地公園于2013年12月21日通過(guo)國家(jia)林業局批復（林濕(shi)(shi)發[2013]243號），目前正(zheng)進(jin)入試點建設階(jie)段。

貴州思南白鷺湖(hu)(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園以在(zai)烏江中(zhong)游(you)上人工筑壩形成的(de)(de)白鷺湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)主(zhu)體，以白鷺湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統為(wei)核(he)心，以構建(jian)烏江上的(de)(de)生態廊道、完善長江上游(you)生態屏障功能為(wei)目(mu)的(de)(de)而建(jian)立。白鷺湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園的(de)(de)自(zi)然資(zi)源豐(feng)富(fu)，歷史、人文景觀獨特。

濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)資源：公(gong)園(yuan)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)廣(guang)(guang)闊，形(xing)成了(le)自然(ran)河(he)(he)流以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)（庫塘）構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)多樣。同(tong)時(shi)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)與(yu)(yu)森林構(gou)建(jian)完好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)光山(shan)色(se)美(mei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，并且長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化沉淀，使得(de)白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)湖(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)資源豐富，有“百里(li)畫(hua)廊(lang)”之美(mei)譽。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)園(yuan)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)寬廣(guang)(guang)，總(zong)面積2514.9公(gong)頃，主(zhu)要(yao)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)包括：白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)湖(hu)、六池河(he)(he)、黑灘河(he)(he)、黑鵝溪等(deng)。共同(tong)形(xing)成了(le)“平湖(hu)”、“水(shui)巷“、“洞(dong)(dong)溪”、“地(di)(di)(di)下河(he)(he)”等(deng)多樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)風(feng)貌。湖(hu)水(shui)清綠幽寂，水(shui)質清純。二(er)是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)：公(gong)園(yuan)呈現(xian)出(chu)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喀斯特(te)地(di)(di)(di)貌景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。山(shan)峰(feng)層(ceng)巒疊嶂，形(xing)態(tai)(tai)各異；峽谷(gu)壁立千(qian)仞，怪石嶙峋；島嶼點(dian)綴其中，風(feng)光秀麗；溶洞(dong)(dong)群(qun)迂回曲折(zhe)，巧奪天(tian)(tian)(tian)工。主(zhu)要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)包括：小溪槽天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)、黑河(he)(he)峽谷(gu)、鹽井(jing)壩(ba)島、天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)橋以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)馬尾洞(dong)(dong)、犀牛(niu)洞(dong)(dong)、仙人(ren)(ren)洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)溶洞(dong)(dong)群(qun)。呈現(xian)出(chu)雄(xiong)偉、險峻、隱蔽(bi)、幽深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)美(mei)學(xue)特(te)征，與(yu)(yu)廣(guang)(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)營(ying)造出(chu)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)-峽谷(gu)-平湖(hu)（河(he)(he)流）融(rong)為一(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。三是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)：濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)兩岸(an)(an)藤蘿懸掛、鴛(yuan)鴦(yang)戲(xi)水(shui)、野(ye)(ye)猴(hou)嬉(xi)戲(xi)，水(shui)鳥飛鳴，具(ju)有結(jie)構(gou)完善、功能協同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)-森林復(fu)合生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統。據調查統計，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其周邊區域(yu)(yu)(yu)分布有維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)53目，120科(ke)，252屬，331種。其中，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種，有國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)銀(yin)杏、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)柔毛油(you)杉。同(tong)時(shi)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內有野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)214種，隸屬5綱29目73科(ke)；其中列(lie)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)9種、列(lie)入《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)者有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)經濟、科(ke)學(xue)研究價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)(wu)達86種。這些(xie)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)資源給(gei)白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)湖(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設帶來了(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源基礎，一(yi)(yi)年四季景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)色(se)怡人(ren)(ren)，可以(yi)提供人(ren)(ren)們鳥類觀(guan)(guan)(guan)賞(shang)、科(ke)普教(jiao)育(yu)、休(xiu)閑娛樂(le)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光項目。四是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)象與(yu)(yu)氣(qi)候景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)：在波光粼粼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)面上(shang)乘坐(zuo)游船觀(guan)(guan)(guan)賞(shang)著(zhu)白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)湖(hu)夕(xi)陽(yang)西下，體(ti)驗夕(xi)陽(yang)下滿(man)載收(shou)獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漁船歸港；屹(yi)立于(yu)白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)湖(hu)大壩(ba)上(shang)，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)看一(yi)(yi)泄數十米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)汽煙云；白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)湖(hu)靜靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流淌在群(qun)山(shan)當中，如遇上(shang)湖(hu)面上(shang)淡淡薄(bo)霧，兩岸(an)(an)美(mei)麗景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)色(se)帶著(zhu)些(xie)許朦朧(long)，讓人(ren)(ren)暇思聯翩。

文(wen)(wen)化(hua)資(zi)源(yuan)：貴(gui)州思南(nan)白鷺湖國家(jia)濕地公園所在的思南(nan)縣(xian)歷史悠久，素有(you)“先思南(nan)后(hou)貴(gui)州”一說，是(shi)中原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)向西(xi)(xi)南(nan)滲(shen)透的重(zhong)要地區，也(ye)是(shi)中原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)少數民(min)(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)相(xiang)融合的交接(jie)地帶，形成了思南(nan)獨特地域民(min)(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。同時濕地公園處于綿延縱橫(heng)的黃金水道烏(wu)江(jiang)之上，烏(wu)江(jiang)更(geng)是(shi)一條(tiao)連(lian)接(jie)長江(jiang)流域、云貴(gui)高原(yuan)、巴蜀地區和湘西(xi)(xi)的文(wen)(wen)化(hua)紐帶，流域內文(wen)(wen)物古跡遍布，民(min)(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)風情濃郁，多元文(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流碰撞(zhuang)，孕育(yu)了獨具地域特色(se)的濕地（烏(wu)江(jiang)）文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。