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基本介紹

貴州沿(yan)(yan)河(he)(he)烏江國家濕地公園位(wei)于沿(yan)(yan)河(he)(he)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)東部，東起沿(yan)(yan)河(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)城，西(xi)至(zhi)思渠河(he)(he)口縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)烏江主河(he)(he)道和支(zhi)流(liu)白泥河(he)(he)，以及周邊山體(ti)和漫灘，總面積1136.35公頃(qing)，其中濕地面積為(wei)561公頃(qing)，濕地率為(wei)49%。

貴(gui)州(zhou)沿河烏(wu)江(jiang)國家(jia)濕地公園位于(yu)貴(gui)州(zhou)省沿河土家(jia)族自治縣、總面積(ji)1136.35公頃。

貴州(zhou)沿(yan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)烏江(jiang)(jiang)國家濕地公園位(wei)于貴州(zhou)省東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)、銅(tong)仁(ren)市西部(bu)(bu)、沿(yan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)土(tu)家族自治縣中東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)，規劃區(qu)東(dong)(dong)起烏江(jiang)(jiang)支(zhi)流白泥河(he)(he)(he)(he)，向西至(zhi)白泥河(he)(he)(he)(he)與烏江(jiang)(jiang)交(jiao)匯口，南起烏江(jiang)(jiang)沿(yan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)橋向北(bei)至(zhi)麻陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)口。包(bao)括(kuo)烏江(jiang)(jiang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)主(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)道、支(zhi)流白泥河(he)(he)(he)(he)及(ji)周邊(bian)河(he)(he)(he)(he)漫灘(tan)和(he)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)峽谷。規劃區(qu)自東(dong)(dong)向西依次涉及(ji)沙子鎮、和(he)平鎮、黑獺(ta)鄉、黑水鄉和(he)思渠鎮。坐標為東(dong)(dong)經108°19'45"—108°37'46"，北(bei)緯28°34'26"—28°40'45"，規劃總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)1136.35hm2，其中濕地面(mian)積(ji)為560.86hm2，占總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的49.36%。

2013年12月(yue)31日經國家林業(ye)局專家組實地考察評估、集體評審和(he)公示，并以國家林業(ye)局《關于(yu)同(tong)意天津武清永定河故道(dao)等131處濕地開展(zhan)國家濕地公園試點工(gong)作的通知》（林濕發[2013]243號）文件，同(tong)意貴州沿河烏江濕地公園為(wei)國家級濕地公園試點工(gong)作。

榮譽及其他

珍稀物種

野生植物

沿河烏(wu)江國家濕地(di)公園管理(li)局正式掛牌成立(li)，為該(gai)縣林業局管理(li)的正科級事業單位(wei)，負(fu)責資源(yuan)保護。

貴州沿(yan)河烏江(jiang)(jiang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)處武(wu)陵山區(qu)，適宜的(de)(de)(de)地(di)形和(he)地(di)貌條件，發育了獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)山地(di)河流濕(shi)地(di)系統，保(bao)(bao)存了較為(wei)原始的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)景觀。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)共(gong)(gong)有(you)濕(shi)生和(he)水生維(wei)管束(shu)植物(wu)(wu)23科68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別占(zhan)我國(guo)濕(shi)地(di)維(wei)管束(shu)植物(wu)(wu)總科數、總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)17.0%、4.7%。列(lie)入《重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生植物(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)(wu)就(jiu)有(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中國(guo)家(jia)(jia)I級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)II級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)古樹(shu)名木較多，2013年規劃(hua)組野外調查(cha)共(gong)(gong)記錄72株(zhu)，其中河灘上(shang)胸徑大(da)(da)于50公(gong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)楓楊63株(zhu)。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)共(gong)(gong)有(you)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)33目93科369種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中，魚(yu)類(lei)115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，達氏(shi)鱘(xun)、烏江(jiang)(jiang)副鰍、齊口裂腹(fu)(fu)魚(yu)等27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)在濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)烏江(jiang)(jiang)段(duan)均(jun)有(you)分(fen)布(bu)；兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥(niao)類(lei)172種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)I級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)達氏(shi)鱘(xun)、林麝，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括(kuo)胭脂魚(yu)、大(da)(da)鯢、鴛(yuan)鴦等；有(you)列(lie)入《中國(guo)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)紅皮(pi)書》易危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)紅點(dian)齒(chi)蟾、棘腹(fu)(fu)蛙、鱉(bie)、王錦(jin)蛇等；有(you)列(lie)為(wei)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即尖吻(wen)蝮、貴州菊(ju)頭蝠、大(da)(da)靈貓、林麝、斑羚；有(you)列(lie)為(wei)極危(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即大(da)(da)鯢。

貴州沿河烏江森林(lin)公園內，烏江兩岸聳立的喀(ka)斯特地貌和山(shan)(shan)巒巖壑(he)幽深，纖道絕壁(bi)，怪石嵯(cuo)峨，銀(yin)泉飛(fei)瀑，水光鳥(niao)影；白泥河灘洲交(jiao)錯，岸邊古(gu)樹多姿，共同構成了一(yi)幅山(shan)(shan)水交(jiao)融、水天一(yi)色的秀麗畫卷。

自然景觀

貴(gui)(gui)州沿(yan)(yan)河烏(wu)(wu)江國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)以低山河流為主體，以低山河流與周邊森(sen)林組成獨特(te)的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)與森(sen)林復合生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)，在(zai)我省及我國(guo)(guo)西南地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)具(ju)有典(dian)型性和(he)代(dai)表性，具(ju)有較高的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)宣教(jiao)價值(zhi)。通過貴(gui)(gui)州沿(yan)(yan)河烏(wu)(wu)江國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)規劃和(he)建設(she)，將有效(xiao)保(bao)護(hu)烏(wu)(wu)江河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)，保(bao)護(hu)長江流域珍稀的(de)(de)魚類(lei)資源(yuan)和(he)鳥類(lei)資源(yuan)，發揮烏(wu)(wu)江調蓄洪水(shui)、涵養水(shui)源(yuan)、調節區(qu)(qu)域氣候和(he)保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性等多(duo)種生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)效(xiao)益。同時(shi)，充分利用規劃區(qu)(qu)現有濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資源(yuan)和(he)土家民(min)族文化(hua)特(te)色，開展濕(shi)地(di)(di)科普宣教(jiao)和(he)休閑(xian)游(you)憩活動，將貴(gui)(gui)州沿(yan)(yan)河烏(wu)(wu)江國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)建設(she)成為長江上(shang)游(you)云貴(gui)(gui)高原地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)代(dai)表性的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。