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基本介紹

貴州沿河烏江國家濕(shi)地公(gong)園位于沿河自(zi)治縣(xian)東部(bu)，東起(qi)沿河縣(xian)城，西至思渠河口縣(xian)境內烏江主(zhu)河道(dao)和支(zhi)流白泥河，以及周邊山體和漫灘，總面(mian)(mian)積1136.35公(gong)頃(qing)，其中濕(shi)地面(mian)(mian)積為561公(gong)頃(qing)，濕(shi)地率為49%。

貴(gui)州沿(yan)河烏(wu)江國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)位于貴(gui)州省沿(yan)河土家(jia)族自(zi)治縣(xian)、總(zong)面積1136.35公頃。

貴(gui)州沿(yan)河(he)(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)國家(jia)濕(shi)地公園位于貴(gui)州省東(dong)北部、銅仁市西部、沿(yan)河(he)(he)土家(jia)族(zu)自(zi)治縣中東(dong)部，規劃(hua)區東(dong)起(qi)烏(wu)江(jiang)支流白泥河(he)(he)，向(xiang)西至白泥河(he)(he)與烏(wu)江(jiang)交匯口，南起(qi)烏(wu)江(jiang)沿(yan)河(he)(he)二橋向(xiang)北至麻陽河(he)(he)口。包括烏(wu)江(jiang)部分(fen)主河(he)(he)道、支流白泥河(he)(he)及(ji)周(zhou)邊(bian)河(he)(he)漫(man)灘和(he)(he)部分(fen)峽谷。規劃(hua)區自(zi)東(dong)向(xiang)西依(yi)次涉及(ji)沙子鎮、和(he)(he)平鎮、黑(hei)獺(ta)鄉(xiang)、黑(hei)水鄉(xiang)和(he)(he)思渠鎮。坐標為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)108°19'45"—108°37'46"，北緯28°34'26"—28°40'45"，規劃(hua)總(zong)面(mian)積1136.35hm2，其中濕(shi)地面(mian)積為(wei)560.86hm2，占總(zong)面(mian)積的49.36%。

2013年(nian)12月31日經國家(jia)林(lin)業局(ju)專家(jia)組實地(di)考察(cha)評(ping)估、集(ji)體評(ping)審和公(gong)示，并以國家(jia)林(lin)業局(ju)《關于同(tong)意天津武清永定河故道等131處濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)開展國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園試點工(gong)作(zuo)的通知(zhi)》（林(lin)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)發[2013]243號(hao)）文(wen)件(jian)，同(tong)意貴州沿(yan)河烏江濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園為國家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園試點工(gong)作(zuo)。

榮譽及其他

珍稀物種

野生植物

沿(yan)河烏江國家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)園管理局正式掛(gua)牌成立(li)，為該縣林業(ye)局管理的正科級事業(ye)單位，負責資源(yuan)保護。

貴(gui)州沿河(he)烏(wu)(wu)江國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)地(di)(di)處武陵山區(qu)，適(shi)宜的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形和(he)地(di)(di)貌條件，發育了(le)獨特的(de)(de)山地(di)(di)河(he)流濕地(di)(di)系統，保存了(le)較為(wei)原始的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)景觀(guan)。公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)濕生(sheng)和(he)水生(sheng)維管(guan)束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)23科(ke)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分別占我國(guo)濕地(di)(di)維管(guan)束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總科(ke)數(shu)(shu)、總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)17.0%、4.7%。列(lie)入(ru)《重點保護野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)就有(you)(you)(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)I級保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)II級保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)古樹(shu)名木(mu)較多，2013年規劃組野外調查共記錄72株，其中(zhong)河(he)灘上胸徑大于50公(gong)分的(de)(de)楓楊(yang)63株。公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)33目93科(ke)369種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)，魚(yu)類115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，達氏鱘、烏(wu)(wu)江副鰍、齊口裂腹魚(yu)等(deng)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)長江上游特有(you)(you)(you)魚(yu)類在濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)烏(wu)(wu)江段均有(you)(you)(you)分布(bu)；兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥(niao)類172種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；哺乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)I級保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)達氏鱘、林麝，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括胭脂魚(yu)、大鯢(ni)、鴛鴦等(deng)；有(you)(you)(you)列(lie)入(ru)《中(zhong)國(guo)瀕危(wei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)紅皮書》易危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)紅點齒蟾、棘腹蛙、鱉、王(wang)錦蛇等(deng)；有(you)(you)(you)列(lie)為(wei)瀕危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即尖吻蝮(fu)、貴(gui)州菊頭蝠(fu)、大靈貓、林麝、斑羚；有(you)(you)(you)列(lie)為(wei)極(ji)危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即大鯢(ni)。

貴州(zhou)沿(yan)河烏(wu)江森(sen)林公園(yuan)內，烏(wu)江兩岸聳立的喀斯特地貌和山巒巖壑幽深，纖道(dao)絕壁，怪石嵯(cuo)峨，銀泉(quan)飛瀑，水光鳥影；白(bai)泥(ni)河灘洲交錯，岸邊(bian)古(gu)樹多姿(zi)，共同構成了一幅山水交融(rong)、水天一色(se)的秀(xiu)麗(li)畫卷。

自然景觀

貴(gui)(gui)州沿河烏(wu)江(jiang)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公園以低(di)山河流(liu)為主體(ti)，以低(di)山河流(liu)與(yu)周(zhou)邊森林(lin)組成(cheng)獨特的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)與(yu)森林(lin)復合生態(tai)系統，在我(wo)(wo)省及我(wo)(wo)國西南(nan)地(di)區(qu)具有(you)(you)典型(xing)性和(he)(he)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)性，具有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)宣(xuan)教價(jia)值(zhi)。通過貴(gui)(gui)州沿河烏(wu)江(jiang)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公園的規(gui)劃和(he)(he)建(jian)設，將(jiang)有(you)(you)效保(bao)(bao)護烏(wu)江(jiang)河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)生態(tai)系統，保(bao)(bao)護長江(jiang)流(liu)域珍(zhen)稀的魚類資源和(he)(he)鳥類資源，發揮烏(wu)江(jiang)調(diao)蓄洪(hong)水、涵養水源、調(diao)節區(qu)域氣候和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)護生物(wu)多樣性等多種(zhong)生態(tai)效益。同時，充分利用規(gui)劃區(qu)現有(you)(you)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)生態(tai)資源和(he)(he)土(tu)家(jia)民(min)族文化特色，開展濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)科普宣(xuan)教和(he)(he)休閑游憩活動，將(jiang)貴(gui)(gui)州沿河烏(wu)江(jiang)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公園建(jian)設成(cheng)為長江(jiang)上(shang)游云貴(gui)(gui)高原地(di)區(qu)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)性的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公園。