青(qing)(qing)華(hua)海(hai)屬怒(nu)江水系,位(wei)于高黎貢山怒(nu)江河谷生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性保(bao)護生(sheng)態功能區(qu)南緣,這里是(shi)(shi)全(quan)球生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性關鍵地區(qu),也是(shi)(shi)東(dong)亞—澳大利(li)(li)(li)亞西(xi)亞國(guo)(guo)(guo)際候(hou)鳥遷徙路線重(zhong)要節點。青(qing)(qing)華(hua)海(hai)濕地生(sheng)態系統的(de)健康,對(dui)維系滇西(xi)的(de)生(sheng)態安全(quan)和保(bao)障區(qu)域(yu)(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)社會可持續發展具有重(zhong)要的(de)戰略(lve)意(yi)義。在(zai)距今一萬多(duo)(duo)年(nian)的(de)舊石器時(shi)代(dai),青(qing)(qing)華(hua)海(hai)是(shi)(shi)一個全(quan)封閉的(de)哀牢(lao)古湖。明嘉靖年(nian)間,著名文學家楊升庵(an)謫居保(bao)山,觀(guan)其(qi)“水草(cao)茂盛、百鳥紛飛”,取“東(dong)極青(qing)(qing)華(hua)大地”之意(yi)而稱其(qi)為“青(qing)(qing)華(hua)海(hai)”。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期,這里還是(shi)(shi)一片水鄉澤國(guo)(guo)(guo),后因(yin)興修水利(li)(li)(li),圍湖造田(tian)等原因(yin),漸被農(nong)田(tian)、藕塘所替代(dai)。為發揮青(qing)(qing)華(hua)海(hai)調節氣(qi)候(hou)、凈化(hua)污(wu)水、提供(gong)(gong)水源、農(nong)田(tian)灌(guan)溉,提供(gong)(gong)水產品和休閑游(you)憩等綜合功能,完善(shan)怒(nu)江濕地保(bao)護網(wang)絡體系,保(bao)護和恢(hui)復(fu)怒(nu)江流(liu)域(yu)(yu)濕地生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性,中共保(bao)山市(shi)委、市(shi)政府決定實施萬畝青(qing)(qing)華(hua)海(hai)濕地生(sheng)態恢(hui)復(fu)工程(cheng),傾力打造一個集(ji)保(bao)護與恢(hui)復(fu)、科普(pu)教育(yu)和合理利(li)(li)(li)用于一體的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家濕地公園。
西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)包括西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面和永昌閣(ge)。目前,永昌閣(ge)已成為保(bao)山地(di)標建筑。西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)生植物豐(feng)富,大片的荇(xing)菜引來水(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi)在此棲息。2017年3月底西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)來了一對水(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi),在西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)荇(xing)菜群(qun)落上做窩安(an)家,4月水(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi)產下(xia)4枚蛋,5月孵化出4只水(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi),水(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi)在西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)安(an)家生育繁衍。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)湖包括東(dong)(dong)(dong)湖湖面、環湖棧道、疊水(shui)瀑布和彩虹橋等(deng)景點。2018年底(di)東(dong)(dong)(dong)湖來了大(da)量水(shui)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)棲息。根據國家高(gao)原(yuan)濕(shi)地研究中心(xin)2019年1月5-7日的(de)調查數據,在東(dong)(dong)(dong)湖內(nei)共有赤(chi)麻(ma)鴨、赤(chi)膀鴨、紅頭潛鴨、白眼潛鴨、骨頂(ding)雞、紅嘴鷗、水(shui)雉、蒼鷺等(deng)31種鳥(niao)(niao)(niao),16577只,東(dong)(dong)(dong)湖成為大(da)量候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)越(yue)冬地。青華海(hai)的(de)冬天是鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)世界,觀(guan)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、拍鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)黃金(jin)時(shi)期,這時(shi)候(hou)是觀(guan)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、拍鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)最佳季節。
永昌閣坐北朝南,三面環水,南側是廣場,屬于仿古園林建筑。永昌閣占地53.37畝,從外觀看只有5層,但里面的實際結構為9層,通過內部夾層樓板分開,每一層都有不同的功能與用途。第(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大眾旅(lv)游觀光廳,主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)休閑用(yong)的;第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)永子(zi)文化博物(wu)館(guan);第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)永子(zi)傳承館(guan);第(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)講棋廳;第(di)五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)圖書閱覽(lan)室;第(di)六層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高端比賽廳兼大眾觀光廳;第(di)七層(ceng)(ceng)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)新(xin)聞發布廳;第(di)八層(ceng)(ceng)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)決賽廳;第(di)九層(ceng)(ceng)可放眼觀景。
公(gong)(gong)交可以乘坐10路公(gong)(gong)交車(che)(che)(起點:梨花塢站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),主要途經:工人(ren)文化宮站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、百貨站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、馬(ma)里中(zhong)心(xin)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、九龍站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、海關(guan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、商貿園(yuan)(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、公(gong)(gong)交中(zhong)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、 宋家墩站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、青(qing)華湖站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(下車(che)(che))、打漁村站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、保山一中(zhong)北門站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、青(qing)東公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、技師學(xue)院站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(東),終點:新(xin)復烤廠站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan))。
云南青華海國家濕地公園位于云南省保(bao)(bao)山(shan)市隆陽區(qu)(qu)境(jing)內,地處橫斷山(shan)區(qu)(qu),怒江和瀾滄江之間的(de)保(bao)(bao)山(shan)盆地。地理坐標為99°11′46~99°14′04,北緯25°06′25″~25°17′57″。北起北廟湖一級水源(yuan)地保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)及周邊公益林(lin),南至保(bao)(bao)岫路(lu)(lu),東(dong)臨(lin)青陽路(lu)(lu),西接(jie)青華路(lu)(lu)。
濕地(di)公園(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬西南季(ji)風區(qu)亞熱帶高(gao)原(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)類(lei)型,加之低緯度高(gao)海拔(ba)和海拔(ba)高(gao)程差(cha)異較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的復(fu)雜(za)地(di)形,使隆陽區(qu)形成“一山分(fen)四季(ji),十里不(bu)同天”的立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),熱、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、寒(han)(han)三種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)類(lei)型俱全。隆陽區(qu)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)地(di)區(qu)冬無(wu)嚴寒(han)(han),夏(xia)無(wu)酷熱,四季(ji)如春,終年(nian)(nian)常綠(lv)。最冷1月平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.5℃,最熱月7月平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)20.7℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)15.5℃,年(nian)(nian)極端(duan)(duan)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)32.4℃,年(nian)(nian)極端(duan)(duan)最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-3.8℃。全年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)290天以(yi)上,冬春兩季(ji)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)少,夏(xia)秋兩季(ji)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)多,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)966.5毫米。
濕地公(gong)園內共(gong)有維管(guan)(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)148科(ke)492屬761種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中藻類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1科(ke)1屬1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),維管(guan)(guan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)147科(ke)491屬760種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。維管(guan)(guan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)包括蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)13科(ke)18屬21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科(ke)11屬15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)125科(ke)463屬724種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
其中禿杉、喜樹、金蕎麥、野(ye)菱為國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級保(bao)護植物,碩大麃草是云南新記錄。脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物種類共(gong)有76科(ke)230種,其中獸類15科(ke)24種、鳥類45科(ke)208種、爬行動(dong)物4科(ke)14種、兩棲動(dong)物5科(ke)12種、魚類8科(ke)18種。其中黑鸛、黃喉貂、白(bai)腹錦雞、紅瘰疣螈(yuan)等(deng)17種屬國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護動(dong)物。