陜西蒲城(cheng)鹵陽湖(hu)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)是(shi)2008年12月(yue)經國(guo)家林業局批準試點的(de)渭南(nan)市第(di)一個(ge)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan),北距(ju)蒲城(cheng)縣(xian)城(cheng)15公(gong)里(li),南(nan)距(ju)西安78公(gong)里(li)。是(shi)一個(ge)天然(ran)(ran)內(nei)陸型湖(hu)泊(bo)濕(shi)地(di),東(dong)西長30公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬(kuan)1.5-7公(gong)里(li),海拔(ba)372-400米,總面積1470公(gong)頃(qing)。公(gong)園(yuan)包括濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)、濕(shi)地(di)科普教育區(qu)、濕(shi)地(di)管理(li)服務區(qu)、濕(shi)地(di)新家園(yuan)區(qu)和(he)濕(shi)地(di)生態(tai)旅游區(qu)五個(ge)區(qu)域。其中(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)生態(tai)旅游區(qu)具有豐富的(de)人文與自然(ran)(ran)環境(jing)資源,楊爵拜水(shui)、板橋古(gu)渡、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)道情、宣帝游獵(lie)、笑紋石等遺址軼(yi)事彰顯著(zhu)鹵陽湖(hu)深(shen)厚的(de)歷史文化底蘊(yun);濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)水(shui)天一色、波光蕩漾、蘆(lu)葦(wei)搖(yao)曳,生物(wu)多樣性特(te)色鮮(xian)明,是(shi)各種珍稀生物(wu)棲息、繁衍的(de)理(li)想區(qu)域,是(shi)八(ba)百里(li)秦川難得的(de)一處水(shui)鄉澤國(guo)。
鹵陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地公園的建(jian)(jian)立(li)是(shi)蒲城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府構(gou)建(jian)(jian)“渭北明(ming)珠”、“綠(lv)色蒲城(cheng)(cheng)”和“生態和諧(xie)蒲城(cheng)(cheng)”的重要組成部分(fen),也是(shi)實(shi)現“生態立(li)縣(xian)、工業強縣(xian)”的重大舉措(cuo)。蒲城(cheng)(cheng)的鹵陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地公園,每(mei)年都會有大量的候鳥在(zai)此棲息。
鹵陽湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)屬天然兼人工(gong)型(xing)內陸湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di),總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積1470 hm2,涉及蒲城(cheng)縣(xian)陳莊、黨睦(mu)、原任、荊姚共(gong)4個鄉(xiang)鎮26個行政(zheng)村。整個灘(tan)(tan)區分為(wei)(wei)東(dong)西兩灘(tan)(tan),東(dong)灘(tan)(tan)為(wei)(wei)“內府(fu)灘(tan)(tan)”,西灘(tan)(tan)為(wei)(wei)“鹵泊灘(tan)(tan)”,統稱為(wei)(wei)“鹵泊灘(tan)(tan)”。 其中天然濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)水域(yu)、沼澤地(di)(di)(di)2種,總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)900公頃,占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的61.2%;人工(gong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)曬鹽(yan)堿及撈硝池(chi)、排(pai)鹽(yan)堿渠和濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)田3種,總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)570公頃,占濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的38.8%。
保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內有植(zhi)物(wu)26科35屬(shu)36種(zhong),主要喬灌樹種(zhong)有旱柳、杠柳、枸樹、苦楝等(deng)(deng)(deng);主要草本植(zhi)物(wu)有蘆葦、堿蓬、蒿類等(deng)(deng)(deng)。有野生(sheng)動物(wu)5綱(gang)22目(mu)47科87種(zhong)。其中(zhong)鳥(niao)類中(zhong)有國家(jia)(jia)一級重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)黑鸛、大鴇(bao),國家(jia)(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)大天鵝、灰鶴、紅隼(sun)、長耳鸮等(deng)(deng)(deng)8種(zhong),有省重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類蒼鷺、赤麻鴨(ya)、綠頭鴨(ya)等(deng)(deng)(deng)8種(zhong);獸類有黃鼬(you)、刺(ci)猬(wei)等(deng)(deng)(deng);水(shui)生(sheng)動物(wu)有草魚、白鰱、鯉魚、螃(pang)蟹等(deng)(deng)(deng);兩(liang)棲爬行類有蟾蜍、青蛙、蜥蜴、蛇類等(deng)(deng)(deng)。