陜西(xi)蒲城(cheng)(cheng)鹵(lu)(lu)陽湖(hu)(hu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)是2008年12月(yue)經(jing)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)林(lin)業局批準試點的(de)渭南市第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan),北距蒲城(cheng)(cheng)縣城(cheng)(cheng)15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,南距西(xi)安78公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)天(tian)然內(nei)陸(lu)型(xing)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),東西(xi)長30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,南北寬1.5-7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,海拔372-400米,總(zong)面積(ji)1470公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)包括濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)科(ke)普教育(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)管理(li)服務區(qu)(qu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)新家(jia)(jia)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生態旅游區(qu)(qu)五個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。其中(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生態旅游區(qu)(qu)具(ju)有豐富(fu)的(de)人文(wen)與自然環境資源,楊爵拜水(shui)、板橋(qiao)古(gu)渡(du)、關中(zhong)道(dao)情(qing)、宣帝游獵、笑(xiao)紋石等(deng)遺址軼事彰(zhang)顯著鹵(lu)(lu)陽湖(hu)(hu)深厚的(de)歷史文(wen)化(hua)底蘊;濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)色、波(bo)光蕩漾、蘆(lu)葦搖曳,生物多樣(yang)性特色鮮(xian)明(ming),是各種珍稀生物棲息、繁衍的(de)理(li)想區(qu)(qu)域(yu),是八百里秦川難得的(de)一(yi)(yi)處水(shui)鄉澤國(guo)(guo)。
鹵陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地公園(yuan)的(de)建立是蒲(pu)城(cheng)縣委、縣政府構建“渭北明(ming)珠”、“綠(lv)色蒲(pu)城(cheng)”和(he)“生(sheng)態和(he)諧(xie)蒲(pu)城(cheng)”的(de)重要組(zu)成部分,也是實現“生(sheng)態立縣、工業強縣”的(de)重大(da)舉措(cuo)。蒲(pu)城(cheng)的(de)鹵陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地公園(yuan),每年都會有(you)大(da)量的(de)候鳥在此棲息(xi)。
鹵(lu)陽湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)屬天然兼人(ren)工型內陸湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1470 hm2,涉及蒲城縣陳莊、黨睦、原(yuan)任、荊姚共4個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)26個(ge)行政村。整個(ge)灘區分為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)西兩灘,東(dong)灘為(wei)(wei)(wei)“內府灘”,西灘為(wei)(wei)(wei)“鹵(lu)泊灘”,統稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“鹵(lu)泊灘”。 其中天然濕(shi)(shi)地(di)主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)水域(yu)、沼澤地(di)2種(zhong),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)900公頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)61.2%;人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)曬(shai)鹽堿及撈硝池、排鹽堿渠和濕(shi)(shi)地(di)農田3種(zhong),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)570公頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)38.8%。
保(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)植物(wu)(wu)26科35屬(shu)36種,主要喬灌樹(shu)種有(you)旱柳、杠柳、枸樹(shu)、苦(ku)楝等(deng)(deng);主要草(cao)本植物(wu)(wu)有(you)蘆葦、堿(jian)蓬、蒿類(lei)等(deng)(deng)。有(you)野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)5綱22目47科87種。其中鳥類(lei)中有(you)國家(jia)一級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)黑鸛、大鴇,國家(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)大天鵝、灰鶴、紅(hong)隼、長(chang)耳鸮等(deng)(deng)8種,有(you)省重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)蒼(cang)鷺、赤麻(ma)鴨、綠頭鴨等(deng)(deng)8種;獸類(lei)有(you)黃(huang)鼬、刺猬等(deng)(deng);水生動物(wu)(wu)有(you)草(cao)魚、白鰱、鯉魚、螃蟹(xie)等(deng)(deng);兩(liang)棲爬(pa)行類(lei)有(you)蟾(chan)蜍、青蛙(wa)、蜥蜴(yi)、蛇類(lei)等(deng)(deng)。