2002年8月(yue),經陜西省政(zheng)府批準建(jian)立,原名為“陜西龍池獼猴(hou)省級(ji)自然保護區(qu)”。
2011年4月(yue),經國務院批準,晉升為國家級自然保護區(qu)。
陜(shan)西(xi)米倉山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位(wei)于(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)漢中市西(xi)鄉縣(xian)西(xi)南部的大河鎮和駱家(jia)壩鄉境(jing)(主要位(wei)于(yu)大河鎮境(jing)內(nei))。
陜西(xi)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)地(di)處大巴(ba)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈西(xi)段(duan),米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)中段(duan),境內(nei)以米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)主(zhu)脊形成地(di)貌骨架,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)橫跨米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)坡(光頭山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)走馬(ma)嶺一(yi)(yi)上黑山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)巴(ba)山(shan)(shan)林(lin)一(yi)(yi)三官堂梁一(yi)(yi)蓋仙寺一(yi)(yi)線以北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)坡,以南為(wei)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)南坡),米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)陜西(xi)段(duan)的(de)主(zhu)峰位于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(海拔2534米(mi)(mi))。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)總的(de)地(di)勢為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)南低(di),西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao),東南低(di),四(si)周山(shan)(shan)體高(gao)峻(jun),中間溝谷深切(qie)。巴(ba)水河(he)發源于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,自北(bei)(bei)(bei)而南流出保(bao)護(hu)區(qu),形成了明顯的(de)溝谷流水地(di)貌。?
陜西米(mi)倉山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護區屬北亞熱帶半濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)候(hou)。由于(yu)受到海拔高度和(he)地形地貌的(de)影響,氣(qi)候(hou)具有明(ming)顯的(de)垂直差異性(xing),全(quan)縣年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)13.8~15.3℃,年(nian)(nian)極端最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)-10.6℃,極端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)39.7℃,而保護區所在龍(long)池、河(he)(he)西、大河(he)(he)、樓(lou)房4個地點的(de)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)10.4~35.7℃;全(quan)縣年(nian)(nian)降雨量(liang)573.2~1311.3毫(hao)米(mi),保護區內的(de)年(nian)(nian)降雨量(liang)為(wei)1545毫(hao)米(mi),明(ming)顯高于(yu)全(quan)縣平均(jun)值和(he)淺(qian)山、丘(qiu)陵及平壩區,其中河(he)(he)西最大,達1600毫(hao)米(mi),樓(lou)房最小(xiao),也有1460毫(hao)米(mi)。
陜西米(mi)倉山國家級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)東(dong)南部(bu)(bu)以縣(xian)(xian)界與(yu)鎮巴(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)的巴(ba)(ba)山林(lin)場接(jie)壤(rang),南部(bu)(bu)與(yu)四川省通江縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)望(wang),西部(bu)(bu)以縣(xian)(xian)界與(yu)南鄭縣(xian)(xian)的碑壩(ba)林(lin)場鄰(lin)(lin)接(jie),西北(bei)部(bu)(bu)以縣(xian)(xian)界與(yu)城固縣(xian)(xian)的大盤林(lin)場毗鄰(lin)(lin),北(bei)部(bu)(bu)與(yu)駱家壩(ba)鄉相(xiang)接(jie),東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)以鄉界與(yu)左溪鄉相(xiang)鄰(lin)(lin),地理(li)坐標(biao)介(jie)于(yu)北(bei)緯(wei)32°33′33″~32°46′31″,東(dong)經(jing)107°15′24″~107°33′06″之間。東(dong)西長27.8千(qian)米(mi),南北(bei)寬23.9千(qian)米(mi),總面(mian)積34192公(gong)頃,其中核心區(qu)面(mian)積15825公(gong)頃,緩沖區(qu)面(mian)積7196公(gong)頃,實驗區(qu)面(mian)積11171公(gong)頃。
陜西米倉山國家級(ji)自然保護區主要保護對象為(wei)北亞熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和暖溫帶(dai)(dai)(dai)過渡(du)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)山地(di)森林(lin)生態系統及珍稀野(ye)生動植物。
陜西米倉山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區的自然植(zhi)被(bei)劃分為12個植(zhi)被(bei)型,37個群系,植(zhi)被(bei)類(lei)型以落葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林為主。
截至2013年,陜西米倉山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)134科(ke)554屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)25科(ke)46屬(shu)(shu)(shu)124種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)5科(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)129科(ke)543屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1200余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)占全國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)的55.24%,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)占全國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的29.86%,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)東亞特(te)有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)97個(ge)(ge),占總叔叔屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數19.28% 。分(fen)布的國(guo)(guo)家一級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)紅(hong)豆杉(shan)(shan)和(he)南方紅(hong)豆杉(shan)(shan);國(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)巴山(shan)榧樹(shu)、秦嶺(ling)冷(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、金蕎麥、水青(qing)樹(shu)、連(lian)香樹(shu)、野大豆、光葉(xie)黃皮(pi)樹(shu)、水曲柳、香果樹(shu)等9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);省級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)延(yan)齡草、青(qing)錢柳等10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)系具有(you)(you)古老性與(yu)獨特(te)性,分(fen)布有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)東亞特(te)有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)95個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中(zhong)19個(ge)(ge)為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)的單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)或寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)。
截(jie)至2013年,陜西(xi)米(mi)倉山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區保(bao)護區內有魚類1目2科(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類2目5科(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類3目5科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類13目37科(ke)(ke)81屬(shu)(shu)125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占、哺乳類7目23科(ke)(ke)47屬(shu)(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) ,分(fen)布的國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)重點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有云豹、豹、林麝、羚牛、金雕等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)重點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有黑(hei)熊、鬣羚、斑羚、獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴、藏酋猴、紅(hong)腹(fu)角(jiao)雉(zhi)、紅(hong)腹(fu)錦雞、大鯢(ni)等(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);省(sheng)級(ji)重點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有毛(mao)冠(guan)鹿、畫眉等(deng)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入“三(san)有”名錄(lu)的物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有112種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入《瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》附錄(lu)I、II的動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特有的動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主要分(fen)布在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護區的獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴共(gong)有11群400余只(zhi),約占陜西(xi)省(sheng)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群總(zong)量的一半左(zuo)右,為陜西(xi)省(sheng)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴分(fen)布集(ji)中(zhong)的地區。?
陜西米倉山國家(jia)級自然保護區的(de)管(guan)(guan)理機構為陜西米倉山國家(jia)級自然保護區管(guan)(guan)理局。
2016年7月,陜西(xi)米倉山國家級自然保護區(qu)通(tong)過設立大(da)(da)小(xiao)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)牌(pai)50余面、宣傳(chuan)(chuan)標語600條、散發保護宣傳(chuan)(chuan)單2000余份(fen)、印制宣傳(chuan)(chuan)畫(hua)冊、保護手冊、出動(dong)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)車以及(ji)入戶宣傳(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)多種(zhong)途徑(jing),加大(da)(da)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)力度(du),提高廣大(da)(da)人民群眾(zhong)的保護意識(shi),鞏固動(dong)植物資源保護成果。
2016年,陜西(xi)米(mi)倉山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區植被恢復3000畝。共設(she)計5個(ge)小班(ban),項目實施地點位于大河鎮窩壩村境內。作業內容(rong)包含(han)割灌補植34畝,人(ren)促(cu)天然更新294畝,撫育復壯10畝。
2013年8月,西北大(da)學(xue)生命(ming)科(ke)學(xue)學(xue)院對(dui)保護區工作人(ren)員、周邊村民和護林員進行調(diao)查(cha)訪問,收集的(de)(de)數據(ju)包(bao)括有無(wu)發現藏酋猴(hou),若有分(fen)布(bu),則記錄其分(fen)布(bu)點、數量等情況,并在(zai)1:25000的(de)(de)地形(xing)圖(tu)(tu)上劃出藏酋猴(hou)的(de)(de)大(da)致分(fen)布(bu)區域,作為開展此(ci)次野(ye)外(wai)調(diao)查(cha)工作的(de)(de)本底圖(tu)(tu)。
陜西米倉山國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)旅游景點(dian)有:飆(biao)水洞、石林園、佛(fo)頭(tou)(tou)山、水圍(wei)城、光(guang)頭(tou)(tou)山、漏(lou)明崖、巴(ba)水河等(deng)。
旅游景區(qu)(qu)開(kai)發:龍池自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)、河西景區(qu)(qu)、大河景區(qu)(qu)。
紅(hong)色旅游線開(kai)發:私渡雞公田遺址——駱(luo)(luo)家壩紅(hong)二十(shi)九軍遺址馬兒巖——紅(hong)四方(fang)面軍鐘家溝會議遺址;米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)至四川通江“紅(hong)色交通線”;養生休閑(xian)旅游開(kai)發、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)探險游、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)自駕游、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)養生游、茶園風光游、駱(luo)(luo)家壩古(gu)鎮游、峽河(he)探險游。
米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)旅游(you)景(jing)點開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(人文景(jing)觀、自然景(jing)觀):私渡石墓、駱(luo)(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)古(gu)鎮休閑度假(jia)、駱(luo)(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)古(gu)懸棺、駱(luo)(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)紅色文化(hua)遺(yi)址、駱(luo)(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)唐(tang)代大興寺、駱(luo)(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)古(gu)道(dao)、四(si)方碑(bei)、牧(mu)馬河上(shang)(shang)游(you)自然風光(guang)(guang)、峽(xia)口(kou)古(gu)鎮、峽(xia)口(kou)觀光(guang)(guang)茶(cha)園、左(zuo)溪峽(xia)河風光(guang)(guang)、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)古(gu)道(dao)、左(zuo)溪陰濕(shi)河、麻(ma)柳驛道(dao)、大河石林、石馬山(shan)(shan)、曲江洞、曲江洞電站,龍泉飛瀑、巴水河水上(shang)(shang)漂流、三國文化(hua)發(fa)(fa)掘、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)園、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)動物(wu)園、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)紅葉文化(hua)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)民居開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、巴水河梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)四(si)級(ji)(ji)電站觀光(guang)(guang)項(xiang)目(mu)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、茶(cha)園村四(si)方石電站開(kai)發(fa)(fa)。
陜西(xi)米倉山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區生境類型多樣,生物物種豐富(fu),分(fen)布有(you)國家Ⅰ、Ⅱ級(ji)重點保護(hu)野生動植物39種,是中(zhong)國生物多樣性保護(hu)的重點區域(yu)之一,具有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的生態、科研和(he)經濟價(jia)值。
陜西米(mi)倉山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內喀(ka)斯特巖溶(rong)地(di)貌和溝谷流水地(di)貌比較發育(yu),生(sheng)(sheng)境類型復雜多(duo)樣,生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性十分豐富。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)森(sen)林(lin)植被茂密,森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統典型而(er)完整,生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性豐富,珍稀瀕(bin)危及特有物種多(duo),風光秀美,氣候(hou)涼爽宜人,具有很高的生(sheng)(sheng)態、科研(yan)、休(xiu)閑觀光和經濟價值。