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歷史沿革

2002年(nian)8月，經陜西省政府批(pi)準建(jian)立，原(yuan)名為“陜西龍池獼(mi)猴省級自然保護區”。

2011年(nian)4月，經國(guo)務院(yuan)批準，晉升為國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區。

地理環境

地理位置

陜(shan)西(xi)米倉山國家級自然保護區位(wei)于陜(shan)西(xi)省漢中市西(xi)鄉縣西(xi)南部的大河(he)鎮和駱家壩鄉境(jing)（主要位(wei)于大河(he)鎮境(jing)內(nei)）。

地貌概況

陜西(xi)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)地(di)處(chu)大巴(ba)(ba)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈西(xi)段(duan)，米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中段(duan)，境內以米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)脊形成地(di)貌骨架，保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)橫跨米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)坡(po)（光頭(tou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)走馬(ma)嶺一(yi)上黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)巴(ba)(ba)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林一(yi)三官堂梁一(yi)蓋仙(xian)寺(si)一(yi)線以北(bei)(bei)為(wei)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)坡(po)，以南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)為(wei)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)坡(po)），米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陜西(xi)段(duan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)峰位于保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)（海拔(ba)2534米(mi)(mi)）。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)總的(de)(de)地(di)勢為(wei)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)低，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)，東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)低，四(si)周山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)高(gao)峻，中間溝(gou)谷(gu)深切。巴(ba)(ba)水河發源于保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，自北(bei)(bei)而南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流出保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)，形成了明顯的(de)(de)溝(gou)谷(gu)流水地(di)貌。?

氣候特點

陜西(xi)(xi)米(mi)倉山國家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)屬北亞(ya)熱(re)帶半(ban)濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)。由于受到(dao)海拔(ba)高度和(he)地形地貌的影響，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)具有明(ming)顯的垂直(zhi)差異(yi)性，全縣年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)13.8～15.3℃，年(nian)極端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)－10.6℃，極端最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)39.7℃，而保(bao)護區(qu)所在(zai)龍(long)池、河西(xi)(xi)、大河、樓(lou)房4個地點的年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)10.4～35.7℃；全縣年(nian)降雨量573.2～1311.3毫米(mi)，保(bao)護區(qu)內的年(nian)降雨量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1545毫米(mi)，明(ming)顯高于全縣平(ping)均值和(he)淺山、丘陵及平(ping)壩區(qu)，其中(zhong)河西(xi)(xi)最(zui)大，達(da)1600毫米(mi)，樓(lou)房最(zui)小，也有1460毫米(mi)。

區域范圍

陜西(xi)(xi)米(mi)倉(cang)山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)東南(nan)部以縣(xian)界與(yu)(yu)(yu)鎮巴縣(xian)的巴山林(lin)場(chang)接(jie)壤，南(nan)部與(yu)(yu)(yu)四川省通江縣(xian)相望，西(xi)(xi)部以縣(xian)界與(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)鄭縣(xian)的碑(bei)壩林(lin)場(chang)鄰接(jie)，西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部以縣(xian)界與(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)固(gu)縣(xian)的大(da)盤林(lin)場(chang)毗(pi)鄰，北(bei)(bei)部與(yu)(yu)(yu)駱家壩鄉相接(jie)，東北(bei)(bei)部以鄉界與(yu)(yu)(yu)左溪(xi)鄉相鄰，地理坐標介于(yu)北(bei)(bei)緯32°33′33″～32°46′31″，東經107°15′24″～107°33′06″之間(jian)。東西(xi)(xi)長27.8千米(mi)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬23.9千米(mi)，總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)34192公(gong)(gong)頃，其中核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)15825公(gong)(gong)頃，緩沖區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)7196公(gong)(gong)頃，實驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)11171公(gong)(gong)頃。

保護目標

綜述

陜西(xi)米倉(cang)山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區主要(yao)保護(hu)對象為北亞(ya)熱帶和暖(nuan)溫帶過渡地帶的山(shan)地森林生態(tai)系統(tong)及珍稀野生動植物。

植物資源

陜西(xi)米倉山國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)的自然植被(bei)劃分(fen)為12個植被(bei)型，37個群系，植被(bei)類(lei)型以落葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)為主(zhu)。

截至2013年，陜西米倉(cang)山(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)134科554屬(shu)(shu)1300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)25科46屬(shu)(shu)124種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5科11屬(shu)(shu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)129科543屬(shu)(shu)1200余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)科占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)科的(de)55.24%，屬(shu)(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)29.86%，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)和東亞(ya)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)97個(ge)(ge)，占(zhan)(zhan)總叔叔屬(shu)(shu)數(shu)19.28% 。分(fen)布的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家一級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)豆(dou)杉和南方紅(hong)豆(dou)杉；國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)巴山(shan)榧樹、秦嶺冷杉、金蕎麥、水青樹、連(lian)香(xiang)(xiang)樹、野大豆(dou)、光(guang)葉黃皮(pi)樹、水曲柳、香(xiang)(xiang)果(guo)樹等(deng)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；省級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)延(yan)齡草(cao)、青錢(qian)柳等(deng)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系具有(you)(you)(you)(you)古老性與獨特性，分(fen)布有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)和東亞(ya)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)95個(ge)(ge)，其中(zhong)(zhong)19個(ge)(ge)為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)或寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)。

動物資源

截至(zhi)2013年，陜西(xi)米倉(cang)山國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)保護(hu)區(qu)內有(you)(you)魚類(lei)1目2科(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)2目5科(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類(lei)3目5科(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)13目37科(ke)81屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占、哺(bu)乳類(lei)7目23科(ke)47屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) ，分(fen)布(bu)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家一級重點(dian)保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)云豹、豹、林麝、羚牛(niu)、金雕等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級重點(dian)保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)黑熊、鬣羚、斑羚、獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)、藏酋猴(hou)(hou)、紅腹角雉、紅腹錦雞、大鯢等(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；省(sheng)級重點(dian)保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)毛冠鹿(lu)、畫眉(mei)等(deng)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；列入“三有(you)(you)”名錄(lu)的物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)112種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；列入《瀕危野生動(dong)植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易(yi)公約》附錄(lu)I、II的動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)的動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保護(hu)區(qu)的獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)共有(you)(you)11群400余只，約占陜西(xi)省(sheng)獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群總量的一半左右(you)，為陜西(xi)省(sheng)獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)分(fen)布(bu)集中(zhong)的地區(qu)。?

管理措施

管理機構

陜(shan)西米倉山國家級自然保護(hu)區的管(guan)理(li)機構(gou)為陜(shan)西米倉山國家級自然保護(hu)區管(guan)理(li)局。

管理內容

2016年7月，陜(shan)西米倉(cang)山國家(jia)級自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區通過(guo)設立大(da)小宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)牌50余面、宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)標語600條、散發保護(hu)(hu)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)單2000余份、印制宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)畫冊(ce)(ce)、保護(hu)(hu)手冊(ce)(ce)、出動宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)車(che)以及(ji)入戶宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)等多種途(tu)徑，加大(da)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)力(li)度，提高廣大(da)人(ren)民群眾的保護(hu)(hu)意識，鞏(gong)固動植物資源保護(hu)(hu)成果。

2016年，陜西米倉(cang)山國家級自(zi)然(ran)保護區植被恢復3000畝(mu)(mu)。共(gong)設計(ji)5個(ge)小(xiao)班，項目實施地點位于大(da)河鎮窩壩(ba)村(cun)境內(nei)(nei)。作業內(nei)(nei)容包含割灌(guan)補植34畝(mu)(mu)，人促天然(ran)更(geng)新294畝(mu)(mu)，撫育(yu)復壯10畝(mu)(mu)。

開發利用

科學研究

2013年8月，西北大學生(sheng)命科學學院對(dui)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)工(gong)作人員、周邊村民和護(hu)林員進行調查(cha)訪問，收集(ji)的(de)(de)數(shu)據包括有無發現藏酋猴(hou)，若有分布，則記(ji)錄其分布點、數(shu)量等情況，并在1:25000的(de)(de)地形圖(tu)上(shang)劃出(chu)藏酋猴(hou)的(de)(de)大致分布區(qu)域，作為開(kai)展此次(ci)野(ye)外調查(cha)工(gong)作的(de)(de)本(ben)底圖(tu)。

旅游信息

陜西米倉山國家級自然保(bao)護區旅游景點有：飆水洞、石(shi)林園、佛頭山、水圍(wei)城、光頭山、漏明崖、巴水河等(deng)。

旅游景區(qu)開(kai)發：龍(long)池自然(ran)保護區(qu)、河(he)西景區(qu)、大河(he)景區(qu)。

紅色(se)旅(lv)游(you)線開發：私(si)渡雞公田(tian)遺(yi)址——駱家壩(ba)紅二十(shi)九軍(jun)遺(yi)址馬兒巖——紅四方(fang)面軍(jun)鐘家溝會議(yi)遺(yi)址；米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山至四川通江“紅色(se)交通線”；養生休閑旅(lv)游(you)開發、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山探(tan)險(xian)游(you)、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山自駕(jia)游(you)、米(mi)倉(cang)(cang)山養生游(you)、茶園(yuan)風(feng)光游(you)、駱家壩(ba)古鎮(zhen)游(you)、峽河探(tan)險(xian)游(you)。

米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)旅(lv)游(you)景(jing)點(dian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)（人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)、自然景(jing)觀(guan)）：私渡石(shi)墓、駱(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鎮休閑度假、駱(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)懸棺、駱(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)紅色文(wen)化(hua)遺址(zhi)、駱(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)唐代大興寺、駱(luo)家(jia)壩(ba)(ba)米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)道(dao)、四方(fang)碑、牧馬河(he)上(shang)游(you)自然風光(guang)、峽(xia)口古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鎮、峽(xia)口觀(guan)光(guang)茶園、左(zuo)溪峽(xia)河(he)風光(guang)、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)道(dao)、左(zuo)溪陰(yin)濕河(he)、麻(ma)柳驛道(dao)、大河(he)石(shi)林、石(shi)馬山(shan)、曲江(jiang)洞(dong)、曲江(jiang)洞(dong)電站，龍泉飛瀑、巴水(shui)河(he)水(shui)上(shang)漂流、三國文(wen)化(hua)發(fa)掘(jue)、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)植物(wu)園、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)動物(wu)園、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)紅葉文(wen)化(hua)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)、米(mi)(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)民居開(kai)(kai)發(fa)、巴水(shui)河(he)梯級四級電站觀(guan)光(guang)項目開(kai)(kai)發(fa)、茶園村四方(fang)石(shi)電站開(kai)(kai)發(fa)。

生態價值

陜西米倉山國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)生(sheng)境類(lei)型(xing)多樣，生(sheng)物物種(zhong)豐(feng)富(fu)，分(fen)布有(you)國家Ⅰ、Ⅱ級重點保護野生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物39種(zhong)，是中國生(sheng)物多樣性保護的(de)重點區(qu)域之一(yi)，具有(you)很高的(de)生(sheng)態、科研和經濟價(jia)值(zhi)。

陜(shan)西(xi)米倉山國家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內喀斯(si)特(te)巖溶地(di)貌和(he)溝谷流水地(di)貌比較發育(yu)，生境類(lei)型(xing)(xing)復雜多樣，生物多樣性十分豐(feng)富。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)森林植被茂密(mi)，森林生態系統(tong)典型(xing)(xing)而完整，生物多樣性豐(feng)富，珍稀瀕危(wei)及特(te)有(you)物種(zhong)多，風光秀美，氣候涼(liang)爽宜人，具(ju)有(you)很高的生態、科研、休(xiu)閑觀光和(he)經濟價值。