“澽(ju)(ju)谷水(shui),出夏陽縣西(xi)北(bei)梁山,東南流(liu)注河”。1600年前,北(bei)魏地(di)理(li)學(xue)家酈(li)道元在《水(shui)經注》中曾記述(shu)了司(si)(si)馬(ma)(ma)遷故里這條神(shen)奇的(de)河流(liu)。司(si)(si)馬(ma)(ma)澽(ju)(ju)水(shui)發源(yuan)于黃(huang)龍山主峰下的(de)北(bei)九溝,經黃(huang)龍縣白馬(ma)(ma)灘鎮流(liu)入韓(han)城境(jing)內,至司(si)(si)馬(ma)(ma)遷祠匯(hui)于黃(huang)河。司(si)(si)馬(ma)(ma)澽(ju)(ju)水(shui)流(liu)程(cheng)全長93.8km,韓(han)城境(jing)內流(liu)程(cheng)35.0km,流(liu)域總面積(ji)1083.0km2,境(jing)內流(liu)域面積(ji)320.5km2,年平(ping)均流(liu)量1.84m3/s,年徑流(liu)量12701.0萬m3。流(liu)域內植被較(jiao)好(hao),泥沙含量小,從未出現過斷流(liu)。
司(si)(si)馬澽水國家(jia)濕地公園橫貫韓城(cheng)(cheng)市東(dong)西,緊鄰韓城(cheng)(cheng)市老城(cheng)(cheng)區,距省會西安210公里(li)。北起(qi)板橋鎮同家(jia)戶溝,南(nan)至司(si)(si)馬遷祠與黃河濕地保護(hu)區接壤(rang)。地理坐標介于東(dong)經110°13′11″~110°24′54″,北緯(wei)35°22′18″~35°29′37″之間,東(dong)西寬(kuan)約0.26~3.4公里(li),南(nan)北長(chang)約35公里(li),流域涉及韓城(cheng)(cheng)市板橋、金城(cheng)(cheng)、芝川等3個鎮辦32個行政村和韓城(cheng)(cheng)市薛(xue)峰(feng)林(lin)場。
司馬澽水濕(shi)地公園生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)資源(yuan)豐富(fu),動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)群落獨特完(wan)好,生(sheng)態(tai)系統完(wan)整而典(dian)型,是黃土高原地區(qu)森(sen)林(lin)植被和自然生(sheng)態(tai)系統保(bao)存較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)完(wan)好的區(qu)域。據初步(bu)調(diao)查統計,該(gai)區(qu)域內(nei)有(you)種(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)20科(ke)100余種(zhong)。草本(ben)主(zhu)要有(you)蘆葦、香蒲、堿蓬、白茅(mao)等(deng)。灌木(mu)主(zhu)要有(you)黃薔(qiang)薇、酸棗、胡枝(zhi)子(zi)、檉柳、紫穗槐(huai)等(deng)。喬木(mu)多為(wei)(wei)人工栽植。區(qu)內(nei)約有(you)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)5綱27目66科(ke)247種(zhong),其中國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)黑(hei)鸛(guan)(guan)(guan)、白鸛(guan)(guan)(guan)、丹(dan)頂鶴、大鴇、白肩(jian)雕(diao)和金(jin)雕(diao)等(deng)6種(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)大天鵝、灰(hui)鶴、白琵(pi)鷺、鴛鴦等(deng)20種(zhong),陜西省重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)斑頭秋(qiu)沙鴨和彩鷸。中日(ri)候鳥保(bao)護(hu)協定鳥類65種(zhong),分別為(wei)(wei)白鷺、黑(hei)鸛(guan)(guan)(guan)、白鸛(guan)(guan)(guan)、豆(dou)雁、綠(lv)頭鴨、白腰(yao)雨燕(yan)等(deng)。
司馬澽水國家濕地(di)公園(yuan)內(nei)植(zhi)(zhi)被繁茂,濕地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)被類型豐富,自然景觀秀(xiu)美(mei)。高大密集(ji)的(de)(de)喬木(mu)枝(zhi)葉婆(po)娑,多彩多姿的(de)(de)灌(guan)草郁郁蔥蔥,林(lin)下水明(ming)如鏡,春天(tian)看(kan)蝌蚪(dou)成群,夏季聽蛙聲一片(pian)。秋風瑟瑟,雪花飛舞(wu),銀裝素裹的(de)(de)澽水濕地(di)更有另外(wai)一種(zhong)美(mei)麗妖(yao)嬈(rao),成片(pian)的(de)(de)蘆葦就像濕地(di)一件溫暖的(de)(de)棉衣,讓成群的(de)(de)水鳥流(liu)連忘返(fan),悠然自得地(di)享受著這(zhe)里的(de)(de)靜謐安然。
司馬(ma)澽(ju)水(shui)國家濕地公園是眾多鳥(niao)類棲(qi)息的(de)天堂,藍(lan)天碧水(shui),蘆葦蕩漾,水(shui)鳥(niao)成群(qun)。它(ta)們或梳洗打扮,或嬉(xi)戲親昵,或掠(lve)水(shui)低飛(fei)。每當落日霞光中(zhong),可見(jian)眾鷺扇動著雙翅向日邊飛(fei)去,漸(jian)漸(jian)融入(ru)彩(cai)霞之中(zhong),“落霞與孤鶩齊(qi)飛(fei),秋水(shui)共長(chang)天一色”的(de)意(yi)境在這里得到(dao)淋漓(li)盡致的(de)展(zhan)現(xian)。
司馬(ma)澽(ju)(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)國家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園突(tu)出的特(te)點就(jiu)是(shi)有山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之靈秀,山(shan)因(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu),景(jing)因(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隨山(shan)轉,山(shan)依水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)立(li)。澽(ju)(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自古(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)充沛(pei),韓城縣(xian)志記載,“澽(ju)(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沿岸,草木蔥(cong)蔚,宛(wan)然(ran)(ran)如(ru)錦”,“溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)盤繞于(yu)青山(shan)之下(xia),蜿蜒于(yu)林木之中”。大自然(ran)(ran)賦予了這里林茂(mao)溝(gou)深的環境,天然(ran)(ran)的綠色水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫造就(jiu)了多姿(zi)多彩的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)色景(jing)觀,姿(zi)態美麗,引人入勝。澽(ju)(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主河(he)道為四季性(xing)河(he)流(liu)(liu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量充沛(pei),資源豐富。支溝(gou)季節性(xing)、四季性(xing)河(he)流(liu)(liu)兼有。每(mei)逢(feng)雨季到來(lai),小溪盡(jin)(jin)出,時而(er)惜聲漫流(liu)(liu),繞樹環石,潺(chan)潺(chan)之聲如(ru)瑤琴(qin)雅(ya)奏;時而(er)急如(ru)驚龍,在陡峭(qiao)狹窄的溝(gou)道中奔(ben)騰而(er)下(xia),落花飛(fei)揚,聲如(ru)雷鳴。溪流(liu)(liu)動靜之變化,剛柔之殊姿(zi),極(ji)盡(jin)(jin)大自然(ran)(ran)之玄(xuan)妙。
令人稱絕的是澽水(shui)上游居住(zhu)著司(si)馬遷后裔的同(tong)家戶溝(gou),山間溪(xi)水(shui)惜聲漫流,宛(wan)若處(chu)子(zi)相(xiang)會(hui),柔極靜極,咋逢陡峭懸崖又(you)如一(yi)條飛練(lian)直掛山谷,在溝(gou)底會(hui)水(shui)為(wei)潭,景致極佳(jia)。較為(wei)著名的景點有牛心瀑(pu)布、神(shen)龜奇島、石上清(qing)泉(quan)、神(shen)龍戲水(shui)、大石奇瀑(pu)、海眼神(shen)泉(quan)、仙人神(shen)瀑(pu)、澽水(shui)冰掛等二(er)十余處(chu)。
值得一(yi)提的是(shi)澽水(shui)(shui)河(he)上(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)工湖(hu)——薛峰(feng)水(shui)(shui)庫。她集農業灌溉(gai)、城(cheng)市飲水(shui)(shui)、工業供水(shui)(shui)、防洪為一(yi)體(ti)的多功(gong)能中(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫。擔負著韓城(cheng)市板橋(qiao)、新(xin)城(cheng)、金城(cheng)、芝川(chuan)、芝陽(yang)、衛(wei)東(dong)、龍(long)亭等七個(鎮(zhen)、辦(ban))16萬(wan)畝農田灌溉(gai)任務和韓城(cheng)市區(qu)20余萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)口的生活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)。庫水(shui)(shui)碧綠,清澈見底,白云青山(shan)(shan)影倒映水(shui)(shui)面,山(shan)(shan)光水(shui)(shui)色,融為一(yi)體(ti)。“山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)平湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)、薛峰(feng)風光賽(sai)江南“,就是(shi)韓城(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民對水(shui)(shui)庫的贊譽。
司馬澽(ju)水(shui)國(guo)家(jia)濕地公園人文(wen)景觀資源豐(feng)富。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)7000多年前的(de)(de)(de)新石器時(shi)代,古(gu)(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)先民(min)就在(zai)(zai)(zai)這里創造出燦爛的(de)(de)(de)仰韶文(wen)明;漢太史司馬遷祠墓(mu)每天都在(zai)(zai)(zai)接受海內(nei)外華人虔誠(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)拜謁(ye);“金沙(sha)灘”遺址仿佛(fo)還在(zai)(zai)(zai)訴說(shuo)著(zhu)(zhu)-的(de)(de)(de)崢嶸歲月;宋(song)朝宰相趙廉(lian)墓(mu)地,酷似一條巨龍伏在(zai)(zai)(zai)河邊飲水(shui),世人稱奇;清(qing)朝第一位陜西籍狀元王杰被清(qing)乾(qian)隆皇(huang)帝(di)和嘉慶皇(huang)帝(di)賜予燙金匾額“贊元錫嘏”和“福綏燕喜”的(de)(de)(de)故事孺幼皆知;清(qing)朝云貴(gui)巡撫韓(han)城人劉(liu)蔭樞三兩銀買橋的(de)(de)(de)義舉千古(gu)(gu)流傳(chuan);八路軍東(dong)渡黃(huang)河出師抗日紀念碑篆(zhuan)刻著(zhu)(zhu)中華兒女(nv)不畏強敵侵(qin)略、捍衛民(min)族尊嚴的(de)(de)(de)英雄史詩(shi);現代戰地作家(jia)杜(du)鵬程的(de)(de)(de)《保衛延安(an)》描繪了(le)人民(min)戰爭的(de)(de)(de)歷史畫(hua)卷(juan)——。豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)人文(wen)景觀使(shi)司馬澽(ju)水(shui)國(guo)家(jia)濕地公園充滿(man)了(le)中華民(min)族愛國(guo)主義的(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)內(nei)涵。
司(si)馬澽水國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)規(gui)劃建設總面(mian)積(ji)3550公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),其中山水濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)休閑小(xiao)區(qu)706公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),保(bao)育區(qu)1110公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),恢復區(qu)374公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),城市(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)游樂小(xiao)區(qu)293公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),科普宣教區(qu)1065公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)管理(li)服務區(qu)2公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。規(gui)劃突出(chu)三大特(te)色,第(di)一(yi),將(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)與濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)度假合為(wei)一(yi)體(ti);第(di)二,以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)休閑為(wei)特(te)色,發(fa)揮濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業自身的(de)景(jing)觀吸引力,打造(zao)韓(han)城城較(jiao)美水鄉;第(di)三,充分結合水系的(de)貫穿作用,融入(ru)風水造(zao)園(yuan)理(li)念,將(jiang)亂石堆(dui)積(ji)的(de)河灘(tan)地(di)(di)(di)轉換成為(wei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業島和(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)休閑島,以(yi)豐富的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源為(wei)依托,以(yi)精(jing)致濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業為(wei)特(te)色,向游客展示及體(ti)驗濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)生(sheng)態循(xun)環和(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業的(de)較(jiao)新(xin)科學技術,打造(zao)出(chu)高新(xin)、高效(xiao)、景(jing)觀效(xiao)果突出(chu)的(de)精(jing)致型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業示范片區(qu)。
上善若水,道法(fa)自然(ran);天人合一,溫(wen)馨和諧。
司馬遷故(gu)里人(ren)(ren)非常珍視澽水至純、至美(mei)的生存(cun)環(huan)境。我(wo)們(men)相信在韓城(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民的共同(tong)努力(li)下,一(yi)座傳統文化厚重、生態環(huan)境優美(mei)、人(ren)(ren)與自(zi)然和諧共處的國家級濕地公園將呈現在世人(ren)(ren)面(mian)前。