地理環境
地理位置
烏蘭布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)地(di)處內蒙(meng)古阿(a)拉善盟和巴彥淖(nao)爾(er)盟境內。北(bei)至狼(lang)山,東(dong)近黃河,南至賀蘭山麓,西至吉蘭泰鹽(yan)池,總(zong)面積(ji)約1萬平方公里。是阿(a)拉善沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的東(dong)北(bei)部(bu),在銀額(e)盆地(di)東(dong)北(bei)底部(bu)。
屬(shu)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)干旱氣候(hou),干旱少雨,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大,季風強勁。沙(sha)漠南部(bu)多(duo)流沙(sha),中(zhong)部(bu)多(duo)壟崗形(xing)沙(sha)丘,北部(bu)多(duo)固定(ding)和半固定(ding)沙(sha)丘。
氣候條件
氣候終年(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)西(xi)風(feng)環流控(kong)制,屬中溫帶典型(xing)的(de)(de)大陸性氣候,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)稀少,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)102.9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)150.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)小年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)公33.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均氣溫7.8℃,絕(jue)對最(zui)高氣溫39℃,絕(jue)對最(zui)低(di)氣溫-29.6℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均蒸發量(liang)2258.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無霜期168天,光(guang)照3181小時,太(tai)陽輻射150千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),大于10℃的(de)(de)有效積溫?3289.1℃,終年(nian)(nian)(nian)盛行西(xi)南風(feng),主要害風(feng)為(wei)西(xi)北風(feng),風(feng)勢強(qiang)烈(lie),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)速(su)4.1m/s,風(feng)沙危害為(wei)主要自然災害,但光(guang)熱資源豐富(fu),發展農業具(ju)有潛(qian)在(zai)優勢。
地質水文
就大(da)地形來說,屬于(yu)阿拉善(shan)高原之沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平(ping)原,海(hai)拔1050m,在地質(zhi)(zhi)構造上是一個斷陷盆地,為細(xi)沙(sha)及粘土狀第四之沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)—湖積(ji)(ji)物所覆蓋,其上為沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)、淤(yu)積(ji)(ji)和(he)風積(ji)(ji)物,多為高低不等3-10米(mi)(mi)的(de)流動、半固(gu)定(ding)、固(gu)定(ding)沙(sha)丘、平(ping)緩沙(sha)地及丘間低地相互交錯(cuo)呈復區分布的(de)地貌類型。黃(huang)河(he)(he)自(zi)南(nan)(nan)向北流經磴口縣的(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)端,磴口綠州的(de)地勢自(zi)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)向西北傾斜(xie),海(hai)拔大(da)體在1048—1053m之間。而烏(wu)蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠整個地勢都低于(yu)黃(huang)河(he)(he)水(shui)面(mian),有引(yin)黃(huang)灌溉的(de)條(tiao)件(jian),從(cong)而彌補(bu)了降雨(yu)少,蒸發大(da),干旱缺水(shui)的(de)不利因素(su)。且地下水(shui)埋深淺(qian)5-8米(mi)(mi),淺(qian)層(ceng)水(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu)(fu),水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao)宜于(yu)灌溉。據內蒙(meng)古河(he)(he)套總局勘測資(zi)料,淺(qian)層(ceng)承(cheng)壓(ya)、半承(cheng)壓(ya)水(shui)極為豐富(fu)(fu),有100米(mi)(mi)含水(shui)層(ceng),總儲量為57億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi),而且水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao),是堅持(chi)排灌的(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)源。
形成
干旱和風
沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個主要原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin),就是干旱(han)和風(feng)。加上(shang)人們濫(lan)伐森(sen)(sen)林(lin)樹木(mu),破壞(huai)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan),令土(tu)地(di)表面失去(qu)了(le)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)便因(yin)而形成(cheng)。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng),除了(le)干旱(han)氣候條件與濫(lan)伐森(sen)(sen)林(lin)樹木(mu),破壞(huai)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)外,還要有豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)來源(yuan)(yuan),它們多(duo)分布(bu)在(zai)沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)豐厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內陸(lu)山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)和剝蝕高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洼地(di)和低平地(di)上(shang)。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)(yuan)有來自(zi)古(gu)代(dai)或現(xian)(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種沉積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細粒物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。如中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔克拉瑪干沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)和古(gu)爾(er)班通古(gu)特(te)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)(yuan)于古(gu)河流沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);騰(teng)格里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)、毛(mao)烏素沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)和小騰(teng)格里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)部分沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)(yuan)于古(gu)代(dai)與現(xian)(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和湖積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);塔里木(mu)河中(zhong)游(you)和庫爾(er)勒西南滑(hua)干河下(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)都來自(zi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)河流沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);烏蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)和賀蘭(lan)(lan)山(shan)(shan)、 狼(lang)山(shan)(shan)-巴音烏拉山(shan)(shan)前地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來源(yuan)(yuan)于洪積(ji)(ji)(ji)-沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) ;鄂爾(er)多(duo)斯中(zhong)西部高(gao)地(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來源(yuan)(yuan)于基巖風(feng)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。
自然地理
烏蘭布和沙漠(mo)位于內蒙古西部(bu),是華西和西北的接(jie)合部(bu),地(di)(di)處(chu)我國(guo)西北荒(huang)漠(mo)和半荒(huang)漠(mo)的前(qian)沿地(di)(di)帶(dai),地(di)(di)理區域(yu)為東(dong)經106°09′-106°57′,北緯
39°16′-40°57′之間。東(dong)北部以(yi)河套綠州為(wei)界(jie),西部以(yi)阿拉(la)善左旗的吉蘭(lan)泰—圖庫木(mu)公(gong)路(lu)為(wei)界(jie),西北部以(yi)狼山為(wei)界(jie),東(dong)至黃河,南至賀蘭(lan)山,總面積129,8平(ping)方千米,是我國的主(zhu)要沙漠之一。
基礎設施
早在(zai)50年(nian)(nian)代后(hou)期至60年(nian)(nian)代,中國(guo)科學院組織的沙(sha)漠考察曾在(zai)磴口設點,并(bing)組建巴盟治(zhi)沙(sha)綜(zong)合試驗站,為開(kai)展沙(sha)漠綜(zong)合治(zhi)理(li)研(yan)究積累了大量(liang)資料(liao),并(bing)在(zai)全國(guo)的沙(sha)漠治(zhi)理(li)與開(kai)發(fa)研(yan)究中處于領先(xian)地位(wei)。
中(zhong)國林(lin)科院沙(sha)漠林(lin)中(zhong)心自(zi)1979年成立(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),在烏蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)漠東北部一直從事(shi)以(yi)(yi)林(lin)為主(zhu)的(de)區(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)態治理(li)與開發(fa),具有長(chang)期工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)礎,設(she)施完善,水電林(lin)渠(qu)路配(pei)套,科技人(ren)員(yuan)素質(zhi)較高,年富力強,觀測(ce)輔助人(ren)員(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)熟練(lian),技術全(quan)面(mian)(mian)。1982年起(qi),先后在綠洲外圍荒漠區(qu)(qu),綠洲邊緣區(qu)(qu),綠洲林(lin)網中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)建(jian)立(li)(li)地(di)面(mian)(mian)氣(qi)象站3座,觀測(ce)內容有氣(qi)溫(wen)、地(di)溫(wen)、風(feng)速、風(feng)向、濕度、蒸發(fa)量(liang)、降水量(liang)、日照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)(shu)、大氣(qi)降塵、太陽(yang)輻射。臺(tai)站儀(yi)器配(pei)置(zhi)按國家基(ji)層地(di)面(mian)(mian)站規范執行。部分(fen)項目配(pei)備自(zi)動(dong)記錄裝置(zhi)。目前有兩(liang)個站一直連續工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),積累了(le)(le)大量(liang)的(de)觀測(ce)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju),建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)具有40多萬觀測(ce)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)信息數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)。12眼地(di)下水動(dong)態監(jian)測(ce)井。土壤與水分(fen)化驗室,常(chang)規儀(yi)器齊(qi)全(quan)、人(ren)員(yuan)固(gu)定(ding)、操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)技術熟練(lian),對試區(qu)(qu)內的(de)土壤和(he)水分(fen)進行長(chang)期分(fen)析(xi),積累了(le)(le)大量(liang)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju),還具有AST-386,AST-486微機2臺(tai),并有專人(ren)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),為建(jian)立(li)(li)荒漠生(sheng)態信息數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)提(ti)供了(le)(le)便(bian)利。
沙漠惡化
據烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)海市林業局有(you)關負責人(ren)(ren)介紹(shao),近(jin)40年來(lai),由(you)于(yu)自(zi)然氣候(hou)變暖和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)為破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重原(yuan)因(yin),烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)進南移的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴(kuo)展速度非常(chang)驚人(ren)(ren)。據有(you)關資料記載,上世紀60年代初,烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)部邊緣距烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)海尚(shang)有(you)近(jin)30公里(li)。而此后(hou)不(bu)到40年,烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)達(da)(da)區(qu)已經(jing)有(you)近(jin)1/3的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地被(bei)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)吞沒。烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東(dong)部邊緣已經(jing)由(you)黃河西岸的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿拉善盟(meng)擴(kuo)展到黃河東(dong)岸海勃灣區(qu),侵蝕面積近(jin)100平方公里(li),而且全部形成了新月型和(he)(he)半(ban)月型的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動沙(sha)丘,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)丘的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對高度竟達(da)(da)50多米。
烏蘭布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)的(de)(de)迅速推(tui)進,已(yi)嚴(yan)重影響了周邊(bian)地區人們的(de)(de)日常生活。根據自治區第(di)三(san)次(ci)荒(huang)漠(mo)化、沙(sha)(sha)化土地監(jian)測(ce)報告,烏海(hai)市的(de)(de)荒(huang)漠(mo)化、沙(sha)(sha)化面積(ji)占全市國土總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)比例(li)高(gao)達80.12%。嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)荒(huang)漠(mo)化和沙(sha)(sha)化,導致了烏海(hai)自然生態環境惡(e)劣,年(nian)均降(jiang)水量不(bu)足(zu)160毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(2005年(nian)僅有81.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)),而蒸(zheng)發量卻高(gao)達3500毫(hao)(hao)米(mi);沙(sha)(sha)塵(chen)天氣、沙(sha)(sha)塵(chen)暴(bao)頻發,日均風速大于3米(mi)/秒的(de)(de)日數最多(duo)達到(dao)301天。烏海(hai)市已(yi)成為(wei)內蒙古自治區乃至(zhi)中國沙(sha)(sha)化最為(wei)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)城市之一。
解放后(hou),開(kai)始了(le)大規模(mo)的治理(li),在(zai)蹬口縣二十里(li)柳子(zi)至(zhi)杭錦后(hou)旗太陽廟一線,營造一條寬300-400米,長175公(gong)里(li)的防風固(gu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)林帶,林帶兩側5公(gong)里(li)為封沙(sha)(sha)(sha)育草區,控制了(le)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)東移。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)內除種(zhong)樹種(zhong)草外,還(huan)開(kai)辟(pi)出20余萬(wan)畝耕地,主要種(zhong)植小麥、玉米、甜(tian)萊、葵花籽及各種(zhong)瓜類(lei)。烏蘭布(bu)和沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)日照豐富(fu),可以引黃河水(shui)自流灌溉,湖池(chi)廣布(bu),有發展農、牧、林、漁業的良好條件(jian)。
植被特征
烏蘭布和沙漠(mo)的荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)植被隸屬(shu)亞(ya)非荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)植物區(qu),亞(ya)洲(zhou)中部(bu)區(qu),阿拉善省,東(dong)阿拉善洲(zhou)。阿拉善荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)省的東(dong)界就在烏蘭布和沙漠(mo)的東(dong)緣,也就是亞(ya)洲(zhou)中部(bu)荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)區(qu)與草原區(qu)的分界線,而且是極為重要的植物地理學分界線。
植(zhi)物(wu)地(di)(di)理成(cheng)分(fen)古(gu)老而種(zhong)類貧(pin)乏,以蒙古(gu)種(zhong),戈(ge)壁(bi)--蒙古(gu)種(zhong),戈(ge)壁(bi)種(zhong)以及(ji)古(gu)地(di)(di)中海區(qu)系(xi)的荒漠成(cheng)分(fen)占(zhan)主(zhu)導地(di)(di)位,世界種(zhong)與與泛北極(ji)區(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)分(fen)十分(fen)貧(pin)乏。據初步采集與統計(ji),烏(wu)(wu)蘭布和(he)沙漠境內共有種(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)312種(zhong),隸屬49科169屬,戈(ge)壁(bi)區(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)分(fen)中一(yi)些(xie)(xie)地(di)(di)方性特(te)有的單種(zhong)屬和(he)寡種(zhong)屬的優勢(shi)(shi)作(zuo)用十分(fen)顯著。灌木(mu)(mu)、半灌木(mu)(mu)占(zhan)絕對(dui)優勢(shi)(shi)。烏(wu)(wu)蘭布和(he)沙漠植(zhi)物(wu)基本上都是沙生(sheng)(sheng)、旱(han)生(sheng)(sheng)、鹽生(sheng)(sheng)類灌木(mu)(mu)和(he)小灌木(mu)(mu)組成(cheng),這些(xie)(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)對(dui)當地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)境有極(ji)強(qiang)的適(shi)應性和(he)抗逆性。
肉蓯蓉生產基地
正是(shi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)林營造的(de)最佳季節(jie),也是(shi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)黃金季節(jie),預(yu)計(ji)磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)烏蘭布(bu)(bu)和(he)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)林的(de)營造面(mian)積(ji)(ji)將(jiang)達到(dao)10000畝以上,肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)栽(zai)培(pei)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)進入(ru)快速擴張時期(qi),將(jiang)達到(dao)3000畝。據(ju)了解,烏蘭布(bu)(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)延(yan)伸巴彥淖爾市磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)境內總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達425萬畝,占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)土地總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)68.3%,極具發(fa)展沙(sha)(sha)(sha)、草產(chan)業的(de)區(qu)域(yu)優勢。巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)市場需(xu)求(qiu)使開發(fa)和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)企業紛至沓來。僅今(jin)年(nian),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)就(jiu)有12家(jia)企業在(zai)烏蘭布(bu)(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)發(fa)展肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)業。目(mu)前,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)發(fa)展肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)企業已達到(dao)19家(jia)。肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),又(you)名大(da)(da)蕓,是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)生寄生植物(wu),也是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名貴的(de)中藥材。被(bei)人(ren)們稱為(wei)“沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)人(ren)參(can)”。2004年(nian),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)根部接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實驗(yan)成功(gong),2005年(nian),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)又(you)在(zai)紅(hong)柳根部接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實驗(yan)獲得成功(gong)。目(mu)前,磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)、紅(hong)柳接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)技(ji)術從實驗(yan)轉向推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應用。據(ju)介紹(shao),一畝當年(nian)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),次年(nian)可采肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)330公斤(jin),以現行市場價計(ji)算,畝收入(ru)3300元左(zuo)右。據(ju)有關專家(jia)介紹(shao),目(mu)前全(quan)國只有新疆個別地區(qu)和(he)內蒙古阿拉善、烏蘭布(bu)(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)區(qu)大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)進行肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)育,并開始由(you)實驗(yan)階段轉向推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)階段。據(ju)磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)協(xie)會介紹(shao),今(jin)年(nian)截至目(mu)前,該協(xie)會已經(jing)接(jie)(jie)到(dao)總(zong)(zong)數為(wei)120噸的(de)干肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)訂單。而全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)去(qu)年(nian)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)總(zong)(zong)產(chan)量只有區(qu)區(qu)1噸。為(wei)此(ci),磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)今(jin)年(nian)提(ti)出了大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)業,建(jian)設30萬畝人(ren)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)基地的(de)構想。屆時,磴(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)將(jiang)成為(wei)中國最大(da)(da)的(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)生產(chan)基地。
綠化情況
據巴(ba)彥淖爾(er)(er)市(shi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業局統計,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)—2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),烏(wu)蘭布(bu)(bu)和沙漠(mo)(mo)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)綠10萬畝(mu)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian),巴(ba)彥淖爾(er)(er)市(shi)率(lv)先在(zai)烏(wu)蘭布(bu)(bu)和沙漠(mo)(mo)推出冷藏苗(miao)避風造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)新技術(shu),造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)時(shi)間(jian)從過去的4月份(fen)延長到(dao)9月份(fen),延長期達(da)5個月,變一季度造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)為三(san)季造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin),同時(shi)先后推廣(guang)了柴草(cao)網(wang)格、高壓水打(da)孔(kong)植苗(miao)、深坑栽植、開溝栽植等(deng)20多項治沙先進(jin)技術(shu),極大地提高了造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)成活率(lv)。據統計,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)—2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),烏(wu)蘭布(bu)(bu)和沙漠(mo)(mo)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)綠10萬畝(mu),森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率(lv)由九十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代末(mo)的4.5%提高到(dao)現在(zai)的15.3%,治沙面(mian)積達(da)到(dao)了120萬畝(mu),有效改善了沙區生態(tai)環境。
點沙成土
內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古烏蘭布(bu)和(he)(he)沙漠是我國八(ba)大沙漠之(zhi)一(yi),總(zong)面積約1萬平方(fang)公(gong)里,在蒙(meng)(meng)古語(yu)中,“烏蘭布(bu)和(he)(he)”意指(zhi)“紅色的公(gong)牛”。從(cong)2016年開始,重慶交(jiao)通大學教授(shou)易志(zhi)堅帶領科研團(tuan)隊(dui)在這片土地(di)開始播種“綠色”。他們研制出一(yi)種植物性纖(xian)維(wei)黏合(he)材料,將其混入(ru)沙中,使沙子擁有和(he)(he)土壤類似的涵養(yang)水分和(he)(he)營養(yang)的能力,從(cong)而造出一(yi)片綠洲。
2016年,研究團隊在烏蘭布和開(kai)展(zhan)了25畝沙漠地種植試驗。從2017年開(kai)始,研究團隊已開(kai)展(zhan)4000畝的種植試驗。