歷史沿革
鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)創于明(ming)洪武(wu)十八年(nian)( 1385年(nian)),東鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)和西(xi)(xi)(xi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)合稱鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(因村(cun)(cun)(cun)內有(you)兩座形狀像(xiang)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)而得名(ming)),現(xian)隸(li)屬于西(xi)(xi)(xi)臚鎮。早在元朝時期(qi)就有(you)人家居住記載(zai)。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)現(xian)主要姓氏(shi)為莊(zhuang)、李(li)、鄭(zheng);其(qi)它姓氏(shi)有(you)陳、陸。1956年(nian)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)拆鄉,定名(ming)為為鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一(yi)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)二、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三(san);1959年(nian)改為鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)東、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)南(nan)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)西(xi)(xi)(xi),1969改為東鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、南(nan)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)并沿用至今。雖(sui)然拆鄉了,但周邊(bian)鄰里仍(reng)稱鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)李(li)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄭(zheng)。
特色文化
鳳(feng)山(shan)上,有(you)一處巨字(zi)“自(zi)古山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)”的摩(mo)崖石(shi)刻(ke),原有(you)幼字(zi)“元舉(ju)逸叟授巡海(hai)僉憲呂養(yang)(yang)鐫(juan)”早已湮(yin)沒,后人再補刻(ke)呂養(yang)(yang)鐫(juan)等字(zi)樣。在石(shi)刻(ke)周圍青(qing)石(shi)仍保(bao)留著當年山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)房(fang)屋(wu)楹(ying)洞。和呂養(yang)(yang)同時期的鳳(feng)山(shan)人陸(lu)師功有(you)《寨(zhai)(zhai)陵纖(xian)歌》:“古兮山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai),卜(bu)居(ju)兮廣廈(sha),開(kai)張(zhang)召陸(lu)郭(guo),臨莊(zhuang)陳李(li)鄭。”看出(chu)鳳(feng)山(shan)古寨(zhai)(zhai)由來已久(jiu),以及諸姓(xing)氏卜(bu)居(ju)鳳(feng)山(shan)脈絡(luo)。
抗戰錄
元初(chu)成宗年(nian)(nian)間下詔(zhao)求(qiu)賢(xian),就有呂(lv)養舉遺(yi)逸,官(guan)授巡海(hai)僉事(shi),他在(zai)山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)頂(ding)留下的(de)“自古(gu)山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)”至今還尚留。時到明代(dai)(dai)(dai)潮陽縣(xian)志寫到:竹山(shan)------間有勇(yong)壯,力卻萬夫----的(de)記載;曾在(zai)鳳(feng)山(shan)讀書的(de)林大春在(zai)《陳南(nan)野保(bao)障鳳(feng)山(shan)序》中,第一(yi)句為(wei):“鳳(feng)山(shan)有古(gu)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),其來已久”。潮陽元代(dai)(dai)(dai)期間著(zhu)名(ming)隱士陳牧隱《題鳳(feng)山(shan)古(gu)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)》中曾詩(shi)云:“保(bao)障當(dang)年(nian)(nian)建義旗,鳳(feng)山(shan)磐石(shi)繞陽溪。英雄戰壘今何(he)在(zai)?萬古(gu)鴉聲對落暉(hui)。”(錄在(zai)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)《古(gu)瀛詩(shi)苑;前(qian)集(ji)》)可見當(dang)年(nian)(nian)鳳(feng)山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)在(zai)抗元時期壯烈場面(mian)。
明朝(chao)天順六年(1462),揭(jie)陽廈(sha)嶺(ling)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(今汕頭市區金砂一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai))有魏崇(chong)輝聚眾(zhong)(zhong)集結為(wei)寇,流(liu)竄在沿海(hai)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)搶奪,所到(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)便潰(kui)不成鄉,惟獨鳳(feng)山(shan)有西麓(lu)(今西鳳(feng))曲巷陳(chen)有然裔孫陳(chen)庸樂(字千山(shan),諱中國,為(wei)鳳(feng)山(shan)李(li)(li)氏之(zhi)(zhi)外祖)率眾(zhong)(zhong)在寨(zhai)(zhai)頂(ding)筑寨(zhai)(zhai)倡導(dao)鄉眾(zhong)(zhong)力起(qi)抗敵(di),身(shen)先士卒,后李(li)(li)靖化(hua)(鳳(feng)山(shan)李(li)(li)氏三世,諱得功,謚號(hao)寧化(hua))也(ye)奮(fen)身(shen)當先帶(dai)(dai)(dai)領(ling)族(zu)人踴(yong)躍殺賊數萬(wan)人,鳳(feng)山(shan)因此得以安寧。第二年,按察司僉(qian)事(shi)毛吉帶(dai)(dai)(dai)兵(bing)攻打廈(sha)嶺(ling),潮陽縣令(ling)陳(chen)瑄也(ye)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)領(ling)民眾(zhong)(zhong)配(pei)合,官兵(bing)夾攻賊巢,平亂時以鳳(feng)山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)鄉勇為(wei)基干。李(li)(li)靖化(hua)因此事(shi)有功拔(ba)補海(hai)門所吏目(mu)歷升(sheng)千戶使,潮州衛(wei)鎮撫使,攝指(zhi)揮使,后練兵(bing)寧化(hua)。
嘉(jia)靖三(san)十(shi)二年(nian)(1553)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)寇(kou)(kou)許(xu)棟糾合倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou),聚(ju)眾數千(qian)人(ren)流搶(qiang)于(yu)潮陽(yang)間,還(huan)有當(dang)時的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)寇(kou)(kou)何阿八(ba)等(deng)(deng)活(huo)躍在(zai)(zai)濱海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)搶(qiang)劫。1558年(nian)正月,倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)吳老(lao)番(fan)從(cong)(cong)福建漳州(zhou)(或泉(quan)州(zhou))到牛(niu)田(tian)洋(yang)兩(liang)岸(an)的(de)蓬州(zhou),錢(qian)崗(gang),鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)等(deng)(deng)地流搶(qiang),為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護鄉(xiang)(xiang)寨(zhai)(zhai),陳南(nan)野(ye)(ye)(字友仁,陳千(qian)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)元孫)與其弟山(shan)(shan)谷(gu)倡議修復山(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai),在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)上四圍筑(zhu)墻并帶(dai)領族人(ren)守住(zhu)(zhu)寨(zhai)(zhai)頂。1559年(nian)十(shi)月至十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)又(you)從(cong)(cong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)門燒船(chuan)登(deng)陸(lu)攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)潮陽(yang)城(cheng),被鄉(xiang)(xiang)民官兵擊(ji)退(tui)后轉(zhuan)到縣(xian)城(cheng)以(yi)(yi)北竹(zhu)山(shan)(shan)都諸(zhu)寨(zhai)(zhai),當(dang)時倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)在(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)腳登(deng)陸(lu),陳南(nan)野(ye)(ye)同(tong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)勇(yong)用箭石擊(ji)退(tui)倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)多次(ci)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong),李翠峰(名垂青(qing),諱夏時,李氏六世(shi))等(deng)(deng)也相繼率(lv)子(zi)弟奮(fen)起相隨,以(yi)(yi)石和火(huo)銃擊(ji)退(tui)來(lai)犯倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou),保(bao)住(zhu)(zhu)了鄉(xiang)(xiang)寨(zhai)(zhai)。同(tong)年(nian)11月 倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)千(qian)余人(ren)從(cong)(cong)達濠會(hui)同(tong)牛(niu)田(tian)(現(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)汕頭(tou)蜈田(tian))海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)賊許(xu)朝(chao)光一(yi)(yi)(yi)伙,自錢(qian)崗(gang)渡進(jin)(jin)襲鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan),又(you)被守寨(zhai)(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)勇(yong)擊(ji)潰,還(huan)乘勝追擊(ji),繳獲一(yi)(yi)(yi)批賊物。迫使倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)轉(zhuan)掠和平,赤(chi)寮,棉湖(hu)(當(dang)時為(wei)(wei)潮陽(yang)黃坑都)等(deng)(deng)寨(zhai)(zhai)。1560年(nian)正月,倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)又(you)大(da)舉(ju)來(lai)犯鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)。寨(zhai)(zhai)眾因前幾次(ci)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)經歷是屢戰(zhan)(zhan)屢勝,一(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓作(zuo)氣,士氣高昂,無不是能(neng)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)當(dang)百的(de),倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)大(da)敗,鄉(xiang)(xiang)勇(yong)是越(yue)戰(zhan)(zhan)越(yue)勇(yong),繼續追殺(sha),殺(sha)死倭(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)寇(kou)(kou)無數,戰(zhan)(zhan)役中(zhong)鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)勇(yong)死者(zhe)僅為(wei)(wei)數人(ren)。當(dang)時戰(zhan)(zhan)斗在(zai)(zai)最激烈時陳南(nan)野(ye)(ye)家(jia)中(zhong)剛好失火(huo),他不顧家(jia)中(zhong)大(da)火(huo),繼續督戰(zhan)(zhan),戰(zhan)(zhan)后家(jia)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切盡毀于(yu)火(huo)中(zhong),大(da)家(jia)深感嘆息之(zhi)時,陳南(nan)野(ye)(ye)卻坦然說:“吾鄉(xiang)(xiang)幸得保(bao)住(zhu)(zhu),家(jia)室有何可(ke)惜”。寨(zhai)(zhai)中(zhong)無不感然,一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)要求刻石以(yi)(yi)紀其棄家(jia)守寨(zhai)(zhai),三(san)戰(zhan)(zhan)三(san)勝的(de)功勞。當(dang)時已身為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)浙文宗的(de)林大(da)春(chun)為(wei)(wei)其作(zuo)序(xu)《陳南(nan)野(ye)(ye)保(bao)障鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)序(xu)》。(林大(da)春(chun)為(wei)(wei)陳姓外甥,小時在(zai)(zai)鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan)陳道巖讀書(shu),筆(bi)者(zhe)認為(wei)(wei)可(ke)能(neng)和陳南(nan)野(ye)(ye)是表兄弟,當(dang)然陳是功不可(ke)沒(mei))
嘉靖四十二年(nian)(nian)(1563)三月(yue),大批(pi)倭(wo)寇擊舉(ju)潮陽,圍縣城四十多(duo)(duo)天(tian),又向北掠奪(duo),所(suo)到之處幾無(wu)生(sheng)靈(ling)。因多(duo)(duo)次(ci)被(bei)鳳山擊潰(kui)而加強進攻,雙方相持一(yi)個(ge)多(duo)(duo)月(yue),因無(wu)接濟救援而失陷,李,陳等西社多(duo)(duo)全家(jia)搬住在寨頂,而下山幾各(ge)姓氏多(duo)(duo)被(bei)倭(wo)寇殘(can)殺,多(duo)(duo)舉(ju)家(jia)奔走他處,全寨屋宇幾為平地。時至第二年(nian)(nian)秋,福建,廣東會合大舉(ju)剿滅倭(wo)寇。才得以平息,逃離(li)的(de)他鄉的(de)民眾也有逐漸回(hui)鄉重(zhong)建家(jia)園。