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歷史沿革

1982年經(jing)甘肅省(sheng)人民政府批準，成立“天(tian)水地區(qu)頭二三灘自然保護區(qu)”。

2006年經國(guo)(guo)務院辦公廳(ting)批(pi)準晉升(sheng)為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區，更名為“甘肅甘肅小隴山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區”。

地理環境

位置境域

甘肅甘肅小(xiao)隴山國家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位(wei)于中(zhong)秦嶺的西(xi)端，地理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經106°13′10″～106°33′06″、北(bei)緯33°35′12″～33°45′11″。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)東(dong)西(xi)長31.5公里(li)，南北(bei)寬(kuan)18.5公里(li)。

地貌

甘肅(su)甘肅(su)小(xiao)(xiao)隴(long)山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區屬于(yu)典型(xing)的(de)熔巖地(di)貌(mao)，局部(bu)地(di)段發(fa)育大(da)面積喀斯(si)特地(di)貌(mao)。山頂發(fa)育的(de)喀斯(si)特漏斗，形(xing)狀仿佛(fo)農(nong)家使用的(de)大(da)鍋(guo)，當(dang)地(di)人(ren)謂之“鍋(guo)坑”，小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)直徑500米(mi)左右，大(da)的(de)直徑2000米(mi)，彼此連綿成群。

水文

甘肅小隴(long)山國家級自然保護區(qu)有嘉陵(ling)江及其支流(liu)(liu)東溝河、瓦窯溝、云鳧河、陳家溝等，水系呈輻散狀(zhuang)分(fen)布，最后向西和西北匯集(ji)，注入嘉陵(ling)江。其中嘉陵(ling)江是保護區(qu)大的過境(jing)河流(liu)(liu)，干流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)經保護區(qu)西緣。年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)8.4×107立(li)方(fang)米，年(nian)平均流(liu)(liu)量(liang)51.68立(li)方(fang)米/秒，最大流(liu)(liu)量(liang)9800立(li)方(fang)米/秒(1981年(nian))，流(liu)(liu)域平均徑流(liu)(liu)深297.6毫米。

保護目標

保護對象

甘肅小隴山國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)主要保護(hu)對象是暖(nuan)溫帶—亞熱帶過渡地(di)區(qu)原始森林生態系統，珍稀瀕(bin)危物(wu)種，生物(wu)多(duo)樣性和特殊的自(zi)然地(di)理景觀。

動物資源

甘(gan)肅小隴(long)山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護區有野生動(dong)物魚類3目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)5亞科(ke)(ke)15屬17種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲(qi)類2目(mu)6科(ke)(ke)6屬11種(zhong)(zhong)，爬行(xing)動(dong)物2目(mu)6科(ke)(ke)17屬24種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類16目(mu)39科(ke)(ke)199種(zhong)(zhong)，哺(bu)乳類7目(mu)20科(ke)(ke)66種(zhong)(zhong)。

甘(gan)肅小隴(long)山國家級自然(ran)保護區共(gong)有(you)(you)魚(yu)類17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)總東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)共(gong)有(you)(you)的(de)魚(yu)有(you)(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)兩(liang)棲(qi)類11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)，古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，共(gong)有(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)爬行類24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，純古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you)，共(gong)有(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)鳥(niao)類199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，廣(guang)布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳類，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)北界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)共(gong)有(you)(you)的(de)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

甘(gan)肅(su)小隴(long)山國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)共有國(guo)(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)(ji)兩棲爬行動物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)有國(guo)(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即金雕；國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即鳶 、蒼鷹、雀鷹、松雀鷹、普通鵟、紅(hong)(hong)隼、燕(yan)隼、紅(hong)(hong)腳隼、紅(hong)(hong)腹角(jiao)雉、勺雞、紅(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、灰鶴、紅(hong)(hong)角(jiao)鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、領(ling)鵂(xiu)鹠、斑(ban)頭鵂(xiu)鹠、短耳鸮(xiao)、灰林(lin)鸮(xiao)；保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)有國(guo)(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)哺乳類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、云豹、豹、林(lin)麝， 二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)哺乳類(lei)有大靈貓、果子貍秦(qin)巴(ba)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、狼北部(bu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、赤狐蒙新亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、野豬川西亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、林(lin)麝、小麂指(zhi)名(ming)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、毛冠(guan)鹿(lu)指(zhi)名(ming)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鬣羚(ling)、斑(ban)羚(ling)等10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。  （以上數(shu)據截(jie)止2014年）

植物資源

物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)基本(ben)組(zu)成(cheng)：保護(hu)區共有種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)123科(ke)、561屬(shu)、1258種(zhong)（含種(zhong)以下等級(ji)）。其中裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科(ke)12屬(shu)18種(zhong)；被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中的雙子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)105科(ke)448屬(shu)1057種(zhong)，單(dan)子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)12科(ke)101屬(shu)183種(zhong)。

區(qu)(qu)系地(di)理成(cheng)分(fen)：保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)植物地(di)理成(cheng)分(fen)復雜，具有(you)(you)中(zhong)國所(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)15個分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)類型，其中(zhong)屬于世界分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)56個屬，屬于熱(re)帶(dai)或以熱(re)帶(dai)為中(zhong)心分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)類型有(you)(you)128屬、244種(zhong)，分(fen)別占總數的(de)(de)22.9%、19.4%；屬于溫帶(dai)性質(zhi)的(de)(de)類型有(you)(you)376屬、806種(zhong)，分(fen)別占總數的(de)(de)67.2%、64.5%。顯然(ran)北溫帶(dai)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)屬數、種(zhong)數多，溫帶(dai)屬性是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)植物區(qu)(qu)系的(de)(de)基本特(te)點。

從科屬(shu)的(de)分(fen)布型(xing)統計看，屬(shu)于世界廣布型(xing)的(de)有34科56屬(shu)202種，分(fen)別占自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區總的(de)科屬(shu)種的(de)27.6%、10%和16.1%；屬(shu)于熱帶分(fen)布型(xing)的(de)有55科128屬(shu)244種，分(fen)別占自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區總的(de)科屬(shu)種的(de)44.7%、22.9%和19.5%；而屬(shu)于溫帶分(fen)布型(xing)的(de)有86科375屬(shu)807種，分(fen)別占自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區總的(de)科屬(shu)種的(de)69.9%、67%64.4%。（以上數據(ju)截止2014年）

區域范圍

保護區總面(mian)積(ji)31938平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，核心區面(mian)積(ji)10 256平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，緩(huan)沖區面(mian)積(ji)10158平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，實(shi)驗(yan)區面(mian)積(ji)11524平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米。

旅游景區

云幈寺

云幈寺座落于云幈鄉北端(duan)，占地約兩畝，有大(da)殿、經室、廂房、齋院和山(shan)門。大(da)殿中(zhong)供奉(feng)著如來(lai)佛(fo)、觀(guan)世音菩薩(sa)等(deng)眾神(shen)像，山(shan)門中(zhong)面目猙獰的(de)靈官塑像，山(shan)門上有一幅隸書對聯(lian)(lian)，上聯(lian)(lian)是“存心邪僻 任爾燒(shao)香無點益”，下(xia)聯(lian)(lian)是“持身正(zheng)大(da) 見(jian)吾不拜有何妨”。

古峽棧道

在觀(guan)音峽峽谷左面的(de)峭(qiao)壁(bi)上，留有(you)古棧道(dao)遺跡十余處(chu)，據說漢劉邦當年退出咸陽入(ru)漢中(zhong)時，為向項羽表明(ming)自己無心奪中(zhong)原而火(huo)燒棧道(dao)，燒的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)這條(tiao)棧道(dao)。后(hou)來韓信明(ming)修棧道(dao)，暗渡陳倉(cang)，佯裝(zhuang)修復(fu)的(de)也是(shi)這條(tiao)棧道(dao)。1949年7月(yue)，寶雞解(jie)放后(hou)，戰敗的(de)國民黨(dang)胡宗南殘(can)部214師也是(shi)取此道(dao)南逃四川的(de)。