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歷史沿革

1982年經甘肅省人民政府批準(zhun)，成(cheng)立“天(tian)水地區頭二(er)三灘自然保護區”。

2006年經(jing)國(guo)務院辦公廳批準晉升為(wei)國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)，更名(ming)為(wei)“甘肅甘肅小隴山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)”。

地理環境

位置境域

甘肅(su)甘肅(su)小隴山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位于中(zhong)秦嶺(ling)的西(xi)端，地理坐標為東(dong)經106°13′10″～106°33′06″、北緯(wei)33°35′12″～33°45′11″。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)東(dong)西(xi)長31.5公里，南北寬18.5公里。

地貌

甘(gan)肅甘(gan)肅小隴山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)屬于典型的熔巖地(di)(di)貌，局部地(di)(di)段發育大面積喀斯(si)(si)特地(di)(di)貌。山頂發育的喀斯(si)(si)特漏斗，形狀仿(fang)佛(fo)農家使(shi)用的大鍋(guo)，當地(di)(di)人(ren)謂之(zhi)“鍋(guo)坑”，小的直徑(jing)500米左(zuo)右，大的直徑(jing)2000米，彼此連綿成(cheng)群。

水文

甘肅小隴(long)山國(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)有嘉陵江及(ji)其(qi)支流(liu)東(dong)溝河(he)(he)、瓦(wa)窯溝、云鳧河(he)(he)、陳家溝等，水系呈(cheng)輻散狀分布，最后向西和西北匯集，注入嘉陵江。其(qi)中嘉陵江是(shi)保護(hu)區(qu)大的過境河(he)(he)流(liu)，干(gan)流(liu)流(liu)經保護(hu)區(qu)西緣。年徑流(liu)總量(liang)8.4×107立(li)方(fang)米，年平(ping)均流(liu)量(liang)51.68立(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao)，最大流(liu)量(liang)9800立(li)方(fang)米/秒(miao)(1981年)，流(liu)域平(ping)均徑流(liu)深297.6毫米。

保護目標

保護對象

甘肅(su)小隴山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)主要保(bao)護對象是暖(nuan)溫帶—亞熱帶過(guo)渡(du)地區(qu)原始森林生態系統，珍稀瀕危物種，生物多樣性和特殊的自然(ran)地理景觀(guan)。

動物資源

甘(gan)肅小隴山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區有野生動(dong)物(wu)魚類(lei)3目(mu)5科(ke)5亞(ya)科(ke)15屬17種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)2目(mu)6科(ke)6屬11種(zhong)(zhong)，爬行動(dong)物(wu)2目(mu)6科(ke)17屬24種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)16目(mu)39科(ke)199種(zhong)(zhong)，哺乳類(lei)7目(mu)20科(ke)66種(zhong)(zhong)。

甘肅(su)小隴(long)山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護區共(gong)有(you)(you)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)總東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩界(jie)(jie)共(gong)有(you)(you)的魚(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)兩棲類(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)，古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，共(gong)有(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)爬行類(lei)(lei)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，純古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you)，共(gong)有(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)鳥類(lei)(lei)199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳(ru)類(lei)(lei)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩界(jie)(jie)共(gong)有(you)(you)的物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

甘(gan)肅小隴山國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)共有國(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)棲爬行動物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)中(zhong)有國(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)，即金雕；國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)，即鳶 、蒼(cang)鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、松雀鷹(ying)、普通鵟、紅隼(sun)、燕隼(sun)、紅腳(jiao)隼(sun)、紅腹角(jiao)雉、勺雞(ji)、紅腹錦雞(ji)、灰鶴、紅角(jiao)鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、領鵂鹠、斑頭鵂鹠、短耳鸮(xiao)、灰林鸮(xiao)；保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)有國(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)哺(bu)(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)，為羚(ling)(ling)牛秦嶺亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、云(yun)豹、豹、林麝， 二(er)級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)哺(bu)(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)有大靈(ling)貓、果子貍(li)秦巴亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、狼北部亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、赤狐蒙(meng)新亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、野豬川西亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、林麝、小麂指(zhi)(zhi)名亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、毛冠鹿指(zhi)(zhi)名亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、羚(ling)(ling)牛秦嶺亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、鬣羚(ling)(ling)、斑羚(ling)(ling)等10種(zhong)(zhong)。  （以(yi)上數據截止(zhi)2014年）

植物資源

物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)基本組成：保護區共有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)123科(ke)、561屬(shu)、1258種(zhong)(zhong)（含種(zhong)(zhong)以下等級）。其(qi)中裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科(ke)12屬(shu)18種(zhong)(zhong)；被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中的雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)105科(ke)448屬(shu)1057種(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)12科(ke)101屬(shu)183種(zhong)(zhong)。

區(qu)系(xi)地理成分(fen)：保護(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)地理成分(fen)復雜(za)，具有(you)中(zhong)國所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)15個分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)類型，其中(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)世(shi)界(jie)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)56個屬(shu)(shu)，屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)熱帶(dai)或以熱帶(dai)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)類型有(you)128屬(shu)(shu)、244種(zhong)，分(fen)別占總(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)22.9%、19.4%；屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)溫帶(dai)性質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)類型有(you)376屬(shu)(shu)、806種(zhong)，分(fen)別占總(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)67.2%、64.5%。顯然北溫帶(dai)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)(shu)數、種(zhong)數多，溫帶(dai)屬(shu)(shu)性是(shi)保護(hu)區(qu)植物(wu)區(qu)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)基本特點。

從科屬(shu)的(de)分布型(xing)(xing)統計看，屬(shu)于世界(jie)廣(guang)布型(xing)(xing)的(de)有34科56屬(shu)202種，分別占(zhan)(zhan)自然保護區(qu)總的(de)科屬(shu)種的(de)27.6%、10%和(he)16.1%；屬(shu)于熱帶(dai)(dai)分布型(xing)(xing)的(de)有55科128屬(shu)244種，分別占(zhan)(zhan)自然保護區(qu)總的(de)科屬(shu)種的(de)44.7%、22.9%和(he)19.5%；而屬(shu)于溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)分布型(xing)(xing)的(de)有86科375屬(shu)807種，分別占(zhan)(zhan)自然保護區(qu)總的(de)科屬(shu)種的(de)69.9%、67%64.4%。（以上數據截止2014年）

區域范圍

保護(hu)區總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)31938平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)，核心區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)10 256平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)，緩沖區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)10158平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)，實驗區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)11524平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。

旅游景區

云幈寺

云(yun)幈寺(si)座落(luo)于云(yun)幈鄉北端，占地約兩(liang)畝，有大(da)殿、經室、廂房、齋(zhai)院(yuan)和山(shan)門。大(da)殿中(zhong)供(gong)奉著如來(lai)佛(fo)、觀世(shi)音菩薩等眾神像(xiang)，山(shan)門中(zhong)面目猙獰的靈官塑像(xiang)，山(shan)門上有一幅隸(li)書(shu)對聯，上聯是“存心邪僻 任爾燒香無點益”，下聯是“持身正大(da) 見(jian)吾不拜有何(he)妨(fang)”。

古峽棧道

在(zai)觀音(yin)峽(xia)峽(xia)谷左面的(de)峭壁(bi)上，留(liu)有(you)古棧(zhan)道(dao)遺(yi)跡十余處(chu)，據說漢劉邦當年退出咸(xian)陽入漢中時，為向項羽(yu)表明自(zi)己無心奪中原而火燒棧(zhan)道(dao)，燒的(de)就是這條(tiao)棧(zhan)道(dao)。后(hou)來韓(han)信(xin)明修棧(zhan)道(dao)，暗渡陳倉，佯裝修復(fu)的(de)也是這條(tiao)棧(zhan)道(dao)。1949年7月，寶雞解放后(hou)，戰敗的(de)國民黨(dang)胡宗南(nan)殘部214師(shi)也是取此道(dao)南(nan)逃四川(chuan)的(de)。