是中國少見的(de)(de)集森林(lin)和(he)野生(sheng)動物(wu)型(xing)、高(gao)原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型(xing)、高(gao)原草(cao)甸(dian)型(xing)三重功能為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)珍稀野生(sheng)動植物(wu)自然保護(hu)區(qu)。土(tu)壤為(wei)高(gao)山草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)、灰褐土(tu)、暗黑色草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)、泥炭土(tu)和(he)沼澤土(tu),海拔2900~4400m,高(gao)差1500m,氣候(hou)屬于青藏高(gao)原濕(shi)(shi)潤氣候(hou)區(qu),冬季(ji)漫(man)長,夏季(ji)溫涼(liang)(liang),是避(bi)暑納涼(liang)(liang)休假的(de)(de)理想之地(di)。特別(bie)值得一提的(de)(de)是位(wei)于保護(hu)區(qu)西南部的(de)(de)尕海濕(shi)(shi)地(di),尕海濕(shi)(shi)地(di)是鳥類(lei)遷徙的(de)(de)必經之路,每年(nian)春秋季(ji)有數以萬計的(de)(de)候(hou)鳥到(dao)此地(di)歇(xie)腳(jiao),繁殖后代,享有“鳥類(lei)樂(le)園”的(de)(de)美稱。
保護(hu)區有脊椎動物5綱、26目(mu)(mu)(mu)、58科(ke)、197種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)獸類6目(mu)(mu)(mu),15科(ke),38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥(niao)類15目(mu)(mu)(mu),35科(ke),144種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);繁殖(zhi)鳥(niao)129種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)夏候鳥(niao)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)繁殖(zhi)鳥(niao)的49.6%;兩棲類2目(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)、4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);爬行類1目(mu)(mu)(mu),2科(ke)、2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);魚類1目(mu)(mu)(mu),2科(ke)、9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
國家保(bao)護(hu)類(lei)(lei)38種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)19.3%,其(qi)中Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)10種(zhong)(zhong),Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)28種(zhong)(zhong)。列入《瀕危(wei)野(ye)生動植物公約(yue)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)27種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區鳥、獸的(de)(de)(de)(de)14.8%,其(qi)中:列為公約(yue)附錄(lu)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)8種(zhong)(zhong),附錄(lu)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)19種(zhong)(zhong);列入中日《保(bao)護(hu)候鳥及(ji)其(qi)棲(qi)息環境協定》的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)(lei)31種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)鳥類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)21.5%。列入甘肅省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生動物有大白鷺、豹貓、斑頭(tou)雁、狐(hu)、毛冠鹿、雪鴿(ge)、灰雁。重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)動物有黃河裸(luo)裂尻魚、厚唇(chun)(chun)裸(luo)重唇(chun)(chun)魚、藍馬雞(ji)、斑尾榛(zhen)雞(ji)、雉雞(ji)、斑頭(tou)雁、赤麻鴨、高原(yuan)山鶉、林麝、馬麝、狐(hu)、狼、巖羊、高原(yuan)兔、旱獺等(deng)41種(zhong)(zhong)。按用(yong)途(tu)分藥(yao)用(yong)18種(zhong)(zhong),食用(yong)25種(zhong)(zhong),皮用(yong)26種(zhong)(zhong),羽用(yong)20種(zhong)(zhong)。
保護區(qu)有(you)昆蟲10目(mu)、59科、283種(zhong)。捕食和寄生性(xing)天敵昆蟲6目(mu)、18科、56種(zhong)。具觀(guan)賞(shang)價值的(de)珍(zhen)稀(xi)蝶(die)(die)(die)、蛾類(lei)9科100種(zhong),特別是絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)類(lei),被列為世界知名的(de)珍(zhen)稀(xi)種(zhong)類(lei)。在保護區(qu)有(you)白(bai)絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、黃(huang)毛(mao)白(bai)絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、小紅珠絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、甘南(nan)紅珠蝶(die)(die)(die)、秦(qin)嶺紅珠絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、四(si)川絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、君主絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)、周氏絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)(die)等10種(zhong)。
保護區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系是(shi)橫斷山植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系的一部分(fen)(fen),即川西北(bei)、甘南(nan)和(he)青(qing)東南(nan)小區(qu)(qu)。植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系是(shi)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)性(xing)質(zhi),其成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)很少。從本地(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)長的優(you)勢(shi)科(ke)(ke)來(lai)看,菊科(ke)(ke)、毛(mao)茛(gen)科(ke)(ke)、禾(he)本科(ke)(ke)、薔薇科(ke)(ke)、玄(xuan)生(sheng)科(ke)(ke)、豆科(ke)(ke)、莎草(cao)科(ke)(ke)都是(shi)世界性(xing)大(da)科(ke)(ke),又是(shi)以北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)布型(xing)號為(wei)主,從屬(shu)的分(fen)(fen)布型(xing)來(lai)看,溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)布型(xing)169個,占(zhan)總屬(shu)的79.5%。在29個主要屬(shu)中,有(you)22個是(shi)北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)布型(xing),北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)中的冷杉(shan)屬(shu)、云杉(shan)屬(shu)等(deng)為(wei)建群種(zhong)和(he)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong),組成(cheng)(cheng)廣闊的寒溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)針葉林植(zhi)被,同時,北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)布的許多大(da)屬(shu),如杜鵑(juan)屬(shu)、馬先蒿屬(shu)、苔草(cao)屬(shu)、柳屬(shu)、風毛(mao)菊屬(shu)、蒿草(cao)屬(shu)、龍(long)膽(dan)屬(shu)、蒿屬(shu)、草(cao)熟(shu)禾(he)屬(shu),在保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)得到(dao)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)發育(yu)和(he)高(gao)度(du)分(fen)(fen)化。
保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)和橫斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)脈植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)密切的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)。從本地區(qu)(qu)(qu)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)看特別是中國(guo)特有(you)(you)種區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)成分(fen)來分(fen)析,本地區(qu)(qu)(qu)和橫斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(四(si)川西北部(bu)(bu)、青(qing)海(hai)東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)(bu)、西藏東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)(bu)、滇西北部(bu)(bu))的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)成分(fen)相似性很(hen)大,在(zai)(zai)529種種子植物(wu)(wu)中,有(you)(you)175種中國(guo)特有(you)(you)種和橫斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)植物(wu)(wu)共(gong)占總數的(de)33%,在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)和亞高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)以(yi)青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)(gao)原東(dong)(dong)緣典(dian)型的(de)特有(you)(you)成分(fen)岷江冷杉(shan)、紫果云杉(shan)及(ji)云杉(shan)組成的(de)大面積森林和頭花杜鵑(juan)、百里香(xiang)杜鵑(juan)、黃毛杜鵑(juan)、山(shan)(shan)生柳、窄葉(xie)鮮卑花組成的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)灌叢(cong);在(zai)(zai)洮河源(yuan)頭,西傾山(shan)(shan)、尕海(hai)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)以(yi)青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)(gao)原成分(fen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)蒿草和以(yi)中國(guo)——喜馬拉雅成分(fen)的(de)圓(yuan)穗蓼組成的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)寒草甸。
保護區(qu)植(zhi)物資(zi)(zi)源豐富,是寶(bao)貴的(de)基(ji)因庫。區(qu)內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物有(you)61科(ke)(ke),213屬(shu),529種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)8亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),48變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),7變(bian)(bian)型(xing)),其(qi)中裸子植(zhi)物3科(ke)(ke),5屬(shu),11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)1變(bian)(bian)型(xing)),被子植(zhi)物58科(ke)(ke),208屬(shu),518種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)8亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),48變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),6變(bian)(bian)型(xing)。)食用(yong)植(zhi)物16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物128種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),牧草106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(其(qi)中優質牧草43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良好牧草32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中等牧草31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),保護和改造環境植(zhi)物15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)(zi)源植(zhi)物類9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家和省重點保護植(zhi)物16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):
(1)列入第一批中國珍稀瀕危植物保護名錄的有:星(xing)葉(xie)草、桃兒七、黃耆(qi)。
(2)列(lie)入第二批(pi)中國珍稀瀕危保護植物(wu)名錄的有:黨參(can)、西(xi)藏(zang)沙(sha)棘、掌(zhang)葉大黃、細(xi)穗玄參(can)、馬尿泡。
(3)列入(ru)國家保護野(ye)生(sheng)植物名(ming)錄的(de)有:冬蟲夏草、中麻黃、中國沙棘(ji)、羽(yu)葉點地梅、山茛菪(dang)。
(4)列入(ru)甘肅省(sheng)重點保(bao)護植物名錄的有(you):紫果云杉、方枝柏、祁(qi)連圓柏。
自然保護區的大型真菌(jun)(jun)有8目、23科、42屬、68種(zhong)(zhong),其中食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)43種(zhong)(zhong),食(shi)用(yong)兼藥用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)27種(zhong)(zhong),純藥用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)17種(zhong)(zhong),毒菌(jun)(jun)3種(zhong)(zhong)。珍貴的種(zhong)(zhong)類有冬(dong)蟲(chong)夏草、羊(yang)肚菌(jun)(jun)、尖頂(ding)羊(yang)肚菌(jun)(jun)和粗(cu)柄羊(yang)肚菌(jun)(jun),是山(shan)中珍品(pin),售價(jia)昂貴。
保護區境(jing)內(nei)(nei)地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)都相(xiang)當豐富(fu),碌曲的意思就是(shi)龍水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與神水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。全區年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為36.43億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)總(zong)(zong)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)31.11億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(洮河(he)(he)(he)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)18公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),年(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)20.1億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);黑(hei)河(he)(he)(he)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)27公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),匯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)111平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)總(zong)(zong)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)10.6億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)33.6立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。白龍江(jiang)是(shi)嘉陵江(jiang)的一級支流(liu)(liu)(liu),發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于本縣郎木寺鄉西(xi)面的結格雜干瘦山南麓,境(jing)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)14公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),匯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)81平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)總(zong)(zong)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)0.411億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒),其(qi)中(zhong)入(ru)境(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)24.11億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),本區洮河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)自(zi)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)6.60億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(周可河(he)(he)(he)發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于尕海,流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)56公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),在紅科匯入(ru)洮河(he)(he)(he),年(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)3.1億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);貢(gong)去乎(hu)河(he)(he)(he)發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于貢(gong)巴、阿尼庫和華蓋,流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)38~63公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),在貢(gong)去乎(hu)匯入(ru)洮河(he)(he)(he),年(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)3.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)),占(zhan)(zhan)全流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)自(zi)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)51.5億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的13.6%,占(zhan)(zhan)甘肅省(sheng)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)自(zi)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)129億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的0.6%。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)總(zong)(zong)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5.53億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),占(zhan)(zhan)本省(sheng)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)74.0億(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的7.19%。不但水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐富(fu),而(er)且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良。
總之,尕(ga)海(hai)——則岔(cha)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),河(he)(he)流縱橫,泉溪鑲嵌,是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)河(he)(he)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要補(bu)給源(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),甘(gan)肅中東部地區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活、生(sheng)態用水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命脈之一;定西人民稱為救命工程(cheng)、希望工程(cheng)——引洮工工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命線之一。物種(zhong)(zhong)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),特(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)類多,國家保(bao)護(hu)物種(zhong)(zhong)分布(bu)集中,生(sheng)物群落(luo)典型(xing)特(te)有(you),保(bao)存完整,這(zhe)在生(sheng)物多樣性保(bao)護(hu)方面具有(you)全球重要意義。林茂草豐(feng),山(shan)花(hua)爛漫,鳥語花(hua)香,既有(you)層巒疊嶂,千(qian)山(shan)疊翠的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)峰,又(you)有(you)碧綠(lv)如(ru)茵,一望無際的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)草原。波光粼(lin)粼(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高原明珠——尕(ga)海(hai)湖,像一塊天(tian)然(ran)翡翠鑲嵌其中,更(geng)是(shi)(shi)錦(jin)上添(tian)花(hua),如(ru)詩如(ru)畫,美(mei)不勝收(shou)。青山(shan)、藍天(tian)、碧水(shui)、白(bai)云是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)里生(sheng)態環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真實寫照。尕(ga)海(hai)——則岔(cha)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)業可持續發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)科研、教(jiao)學基地,生(sheng)態文明建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)課堂(tang),回歸大自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好去處,在這(zhe)里你(ni)會真正領(ling)悟到大自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬廣和諧。
旅游資源相當豐富,得天獨厚。東部(bu)石林奇(qi)景(jing)冠西北,南部(bu)郎(lang)木仙境(jing)美如畫,西南尕海碧湖更富麗(li),草原美景(jing)讓人醉(zui),藏族生活淳樸又多(duo)彩,藏傳佛教文(wen)化更燦爛。
此(ci)景區距碌曲縣(xian)50km,面積(ji)200多(duo)km2,系三迭紀石灰巖(yan)經流水(shui)沿裂隙溶蝕而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)喀(ka)斯特(te)地(di)貌景觀(guan)。峰(feng)(feng)林、峰(feng)(feng)叢、溶洞(dong)等溶蝕地(di)貌廣泛分布,以“野、秀、奇、險”著稱。是西北罕(han)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)典型石林景觀(guan)。景區山(shan)勢(shi)陡峭,峰(feng)(feng)巒疊(die)嶂,林木(mu)參天(tian),流水(shui)潺潺、水(shui)流湍急、清(qing)澈(che)可(ke)鑒、魚兒弄影,千姿百(bai)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)怪(guai)石奇景從半(ban)山(shan)到(dao)(dao)谷底隨處可(ke)見,同時大片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)云杉在懸崖峭壁(bi)石縫中,盤根錯(cuo)節,蒼勁挺拔,生(sheng)長茂盛,更顯(xian)奇特(te)。主要景點有“青天(tian)一(yi)(yi)線、靈猿望月、將軍(jun)(jun)峰(feng)(feng)”等數百(bai)個,栩栩如生(sheng),惟妙惟肖。不少景點還流傳(chuan)(chuan)著藏族英雄格(ge)薩爾王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神奇故事。此(ci)處蘊藏著豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)民族歷史遺產(chan),是藏族人民燦爛文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)發源地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),是唐蕃(fan)會盟之(zhi)地(di),也是蒙元(yuan)殘部同明軍(jun)(jun)會戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)戰(zhan)場之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。可(ke)以說自然景觀(guan)和神話傳(chuan)(chuan)說交相輝映。這里生(sheng)態環境(jing)原始自然,沒有絲毫的(de)(de)(de)(de)人為雕琢的(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡,你會真正領略到(dao)(dao)大自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)和諧完(wan)美,體驗到(dao)(dao)回歸(gui)自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)美感覺(jue)。
保(bao)護區內約(yue)20萬(wan)公頃的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)然草(cao)(cao)場(chang)是(shi)中國典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)原天(tian)(tian)然灌叢(cong)(cong)草(cao)(cao)原和草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)原。徜徉其間,若大個(ge)草(cao)(cao)場(chang)幽深而(er)(er)秀麗,寧靜而(er)(er)安詳,寬闊而(er)(er)雄渾,如一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊未(wei)曾(ceng)雕琢的(de)(de)(de)(de)翡翠,像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian)公傾潑下(xia)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃墨(mo),融匯成(cheng)碧綠(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)波濤,直向高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)空(kong)奔運而(er)(er)去。草(cao)(cao)原上生(sheng)長(chang)著各(ge)種植(zhi)物,長(chang)短相(xiang)間,高(gao)矮交錯(cuo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)簇連一(yi)(yi)(yi)簇,一(yi)(yi)(yi)叢(cong)(cong)挨一(yi)(yi)(yi)叢(cong)(cong),把地(di)表(biao)蓋(gai)得(de)嚴(yan)嚴(yan)實實。那(nei)(nei)些紅彤彤、粉嘟嘟、黃澄(cheng)(cheng)澄(cheng)(cheng)、紫(zi)英英、白(bai)(bai)晶晶、藍滲滲的(de)(de)(de)(de)嬌艷(yan)野花,盛開在這“百里草(cao)(cao)原”的(de)(de)(de)(de)萬(wan)綠(lv)叢(cong)(cong)中,像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)織不(bu)完的(de)(de)(de)(de)錦那(nei)(nei)么綿(mian)延,像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)飄(piao)落的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)霞那(nei)(nei)么絢爛(lan),像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在綠(lv)色緞面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)色圖案那(nei)(nei)么美麗。彩(cai)蝶(die)飛舞,蜜(mi)蜂奔忙,昆蟲(chong)吟唱,鮮花飄(piao)香,溪水淙(cong)淙(cong),清風徐(xu)徐(xu)、白(bai)(bai)云朵朵,藍天(tian)(tian)朗朗,將草(cao)(cao)原裝扮得(de)格外妖嬈,使人仿佛(fo)置身(shen)于人間仙(xian)境,忘掉(diao)了(le)世俗的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多紛擾和憂愁,只覺得(de)生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯美和可(ke)愛;黑(hei)白(bai)(bai)相(xiang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)牛羊(yang)、蘑(mo)菇(gu)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)帳篷隨處可(ke)見,奶茶(cha)飄(piao)香,羊(yang)肉肥美更是(shi)你的(de)(de)(de)(de)向往。
保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內禽鳥(niao)(niao)集(ji)中的大(da)面積(ji)尕(ga)海濕地(di),一望無際,蒼蒼茫茫,浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩(dang)(dang)蕩(dang)(dang),像綠(lv)色的海洋(yang),微風輕拂,碧(bi)波蕩(dang)(dang)漾,蔚為壯(zhuang)觀,美麗的蘑(mo)菇圈(quan)(quan)一圈(quan)(quan)接一圈(quan)(quan),沼澤(ze)地(di)里(li)群(qun)(qun)蛙鼓噪;尕(ga)海湖(hu)(hu)中魚(yu)兒弄影,鶴鷺(lu)共(gong)舞,雁(yan)鴨和鳴(ming),天鵝歡唱。山花爛漫,水草豐美,天藍(lan)、水碧(bi)、天水相連,陽光、溪(xi)流、湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、鳥(niao)(niao)禽、青山、群(qun)(qun)群(qun)(qun)牛羊構成(cheng)一幅空氣清新、景觀迷人(ren)的壯(zhuang)麗畫面,如詩如畫,更給(gei)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)增添了無窮的魅力。每年春秋,不同種(zhong)類、不同顏(yan)色、大(da)小不一、叫聲不同的鷹、雁(yan)、鵝、雕、鷗(ou)、隼、鷗(ou)、鴨等珍貴、稀有、瀕(bin)危(wei)的候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)、留鳥(niao)(niao)在尕(ga)海濕地(di)結集(ji)成(cheng)成(cheng)千上(shang)萬的群(qun)(qun)體,總數以萬計,飛(fei)上(shang)翻(fan)下,起伏此彼,如飛(fei)花、似落(luo)葉(xie),密密層層,鋪天蓋地(di),悠(you)揚高(gao)亢(kang)的鳴(ming)叫聲,悅耳動聽,讓人(ren)大(da)飽(bao)耳福。
則岔(cha)(cha)溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)口海(hai)拔2900m,高(gao)處(華(hua)蓋山)海(hai)拔4300m,高(gao)差1400m。沿則岔(cha)(cha)西溝(gou)(gou)熱(re)(re)(re)吾曲(qu)(熱(re)(re)(re)吾曲(qu)河水(shui)(shui)蜿蜒形成十(shi)八(ba)道河曲(qu),故當地(di)群眾稱謂十(shi)八(ba)道彎)逆流(liu)而(er)上(shang),谷底云杉(shan)(shan)、柳樹、柏木(mu)等(deng)(deng)生長茂密,樹種(zhong)組成復(fu)雜,森林遮天蔽日,大樹參天,再向(xiang)上(shang)行,紫(zi)果(guo)(guo)云杉(shan)(shan)、冷(leng)杉(shan)(shan)混交林出現,林相整(zheng)齊(qi),林下天然(ran)更新良好,郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥,樹種(zhong)單純,地(di)被物苔(tai)鮮(xian)和苔(tai)草很發達(da),繼續前行就會出現中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you),國(guo)(guo)內罕見的紫(zi)果(guo)(guo)云杉(shan)(shan)純林,下木(mu)為金(jin)背杜(du)(du)鵑、頭(tou)花(hua)杜(du)(du)鵑等(deng)(deng),它(ta)能讓(rang)青城山含羞,只有(you)熱(re)(re)(re)曲(qu)峽谷才是天下之(zhi)幽(you)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物藍馬雞、斑尾榛雞、麝、蘇門羚(ling)、血雉等(deng)(deng)幾十(shi)種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)物在(zai)這里(li)出沒。初(chu)夏百花(hua)爭艷,色艷氣香(xiang)(xiang),多姿多彩。林緣以外是寒(han)溫性灌木(mu)林和亞高(gao)山灌叢(cong)草甸等(deng)(deng)植物群落,主要(yao)樹種(zhong)有(you)千(qian)里(li)香(xiang)(xiang)杜(du)(du)鵑、狹窄鮮(xian)卑(bei)花(hua)等(deng)(deng)灌木(mu),再上(shang)就是草甸草原,在(zai)這時能看(kan)(kan)到集中(zhong)(zhong)動(dong)(dong)植物于一身(shen)的冬蟲夏草、水(shui)(shui)母雪(xue)(xue)蓮等(deng)(deng)名(ming)貴中(zhong)(zhong)藥,如你有(you)幸還能看(kan)(kan)見巖羊(yang)、青鼬、石貂、藏(zang)雪(xue)(xue)雞、雪(xue)(xue)鶉、盤羊(yang)、兔猻、雪(xue)(xue)豹(bao)等(deng)(deng)珍貴野生動(dong)(dong)物。秋季全景區萬紫(zi)千(qian)紅,層林盡(jin)染,野果(guo)(guo)飄香(xiang)(xiang),景色迷人,美麗如畫,讓(rang)人向(xiang)往(wang)。
青藏高原特有鳥(niao)類黑(hei)頸鶴,當地(di)居民(min)視為(wei)“神鳥(niao)”,稱(cheng)為(wei)“格薩爾達字”,它(ta)具有優雅(ya)柔和(he)的(de)曲線,是(shi)吉祥、長壽(shou)、高雅(ya)、華貴的(de)象征,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去(qu),漆黑(hei)的(de)羽毛從頭部(bu)一直(zhi)披(pi)到細長的(de)脖頸,形成(cheng)(cheng)了它(ta)特有的(de)標志——黑(hei)頸,鶴也因此(ci)而得名。黑(hei)頸鶴活(huo)動始終成(cheng)(cheng)雙(shuang)成(cheng)(cheng)對,溫情脈脈,雙(shuang)雙(shuang)歡歌起舞(wu),給人一種美好(hao)、祥和(he)、甜蜜的(de)感覺。它(ta)那嬌姿(zi)神態優美,令(ling)人贊(zan)嘆不已。
絹(juan)蝶(die)是我國(guo)蝶(die)類(lei)各科(ke)中(zhong)為珍(zhen)貴(gui)的(de)種類(lei)。絹(juan)蝶(die)翅形渾圓、鱗片稀疏,翅膜無色(se)(se)(se)半透明,狀似絲絹(juan),而得名,翅面常有黑色(se)(se)(se)、紅色(se)(se)(se)和藍色(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)紋或斑(ban)點,體(ti)態淡雅而華貴(gui),耐寒性能極強。西傾山(shan)是中(zhong)國(guo)主要絹(juan)蝶(die)產(chan)區之(zhi)一,到尕(ga)海(hai)你可(ke)欣賞到這(zhe)一美(mei)麗奇(qi)特的(de)蝶(die)類(lei)。
距綠(lv)曲(qu)縣(xian)城80多(duo)公里(li),是甘、川兩(liang)省的交界,此(ci)地有(you)一石(shi)洞,洞內有(you)一酷似美女的巖石(shi),藏語為“郎(lang)木(mu)(mu)”,郎(lang)木(mu)(mu)寺(si)由此(ci)而(er)名。郎(lang)木(mu)(mu)寺(si)四(si)山(shan)環抱(bao),松柏相映,青山(shan)峻(jun)秀(xiu),林茂水碧,景色秀(xiu)麗。郎(lang)木(mu)(mu)寺(si)寺(si)院(yuan)是一座藏傳佛(fo)(fo)教格魯(lu)派著名寺(si)院(yuan),依山(shan)傍水建(jian)成,寺(si)院(yuan)經殿與僧舍相連,沿(yan)山(shan)拾級而(er)上,層(ceng)層(ceng)疊疊,規模宏大,建(jian)筑雄(xiong)偉,雕梁畫柱,金碧輝(hui)煌(huang)。四(si)川格爾底寺(si)院(yuan)群(qun)落(luo)與甘肅賽赤寺(si)院(yuan)群(qun)落(luo),隔江相望,法鼓相鳴,螺音相映。寺(si)院(yuan)也(ye)是一個巨大的藝術(shu)博物館,由金、銀、珊瑚、拉白等各種珍寶精心裝飾,且歷史悠久、造型(xing)豐富(fu)的佛(fo)(fo)像達400多(duo)尊,其中大者有(you)二(er)層(ceng)樓高;以金汁寫(xie)成的《甘珠爾》經卷及(ji)其它多(duo)部佛(fo)(fo)教經曲(qu)和大量的唐卡(ka)、堆秀(xiu)、壁畫等藝術(shu)品頗(po)具(ju)觀賞價值和學術(shu)研究價值。
藏族民(min)居獨樹一幟,以(yi)郎(lang)木(mu)寺沓板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)和籬笆屋(wu)(wu)具特色。沓板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)因屋(wu)(wu)頂用木(mu)板(ban)(ban)疊制而得名,籬笆屋(wu)(wu)則是沓板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)中較特殊的一種(zhong),用木(mu)條(tiao)編織的籬笆罩在(zai)沓板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)周圍而成。房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)依地(di)勢而建(jian),高低錯落有致,同周圍的環(huan)境互相融(rong)合(he)。它古樸美(mei)觀,極富(fu)地(di)方(fang)民(min)族特色,頗有觀賞價值。
藏族人民熱情(qing)好(hao)客(ke),淳樸豪放,生活習俗、節(jie)會活動豐富(fu)多彩。香浪節(jie)、插箭節(jie)、法(fa)會別具(ju)一(yi)格(ge),各(ge)有(you)特點;鍋莊舞歡快而富(fu)有(you)節(jie)奏(zou);藏族婚俗歡心淳樸,情(qing)趣盎然;飲食風味獨特,蕨麻板、酸奶(nai)、酥油茶等營養豐富(fu)。