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歷史沿革

2001年成立(li)友好自然保護(hu)區；

2004年被國家林業局批準為省（部）級自然保(bao)護區；

2006年被省政府批準為省級自(zi)然(ran)保護區；

2012年(nian)晉升為(wei)國家級自然保護區。

2018年2月11日被列(lie)入國際重要濕地。

地理環境

地理位置

黑龍江(jiang)友好自然(ran)保護區地處(chu)小興(xing)安嶺山脈中(zhong)段，橫跨小興(xing)安嶺主脈的南北兩坡，地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東經128°10′15″—128°33′25″，北緯48°13′07″—48°33′15″。

氣候

黑龍(long)江友好國家級自然保護區屬北溫帶大陸性濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)候區，年平均氣(qi)溫在0.4℃左(zuo)右，夏季平均溫度為20℃至22℃，且晝夜溫差較大，有6個月的冰(bing)封期。

水文

黑龍江友(you)好(hao)自然保護區(qu)區(qu)域河(he)流(liu)充沛(pei)，擁有流(liu)域面積廣闊的友(you)好(hao)河(he)水系。

自然資源

植物資源

黑龍江友好(hao)國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)共(gong)有高等(deng)植物(wu)836種，其(qi)(qi)中包(bao)括1亞(ya)種，23變種，3變型。其(qi)(qi)中苔蘚植物(wu)56科(ke)，100屬(shu)(shu)，183種，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)總(zong)(zong)科(ke)數(shu)的35.22%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)數(shu)的24.15%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)種數(shu)的21.89%；蕨類植物(wu)41種，隸屬(shu)(shu)于14科(ke)，26屬(shu)(shu)，分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)總(zong)(zong)種數(shu)的4.90%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)科(ke)數(shu)的8.81%；占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)數(shu)的6.28%；種子(zi)植物(wu)（裸(luo)子(zi)和(he)被子(zi)植物(wu)）612種，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)種數(shu)的73.21%，隸屬(shu)(shu)于89科(ke)，288屬(shu)(shu)，分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)科(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)的55.97%，69.57%。

動物資源

黑龍江友好(hao)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)動物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系屬(shu)古(gu)北(bei)(bei)界、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞(ya)界、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)、長白(bai)山亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)興(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)嶺(ling)山地(di)省(sheng)，野(ye)生動物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系介于大興(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)嶺(ling)和長白(bai)山地(di)之(zhi)間，其東(dong)部為(wei)三江平(ping)原，西部為(wei)松嫩平(ping)原。因(yin)此，野(ye)生動物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系組成比較豐富。

黑龍江友好國家級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區內(nei)現存的脊椎動(dong)物共(gong)有330種(zhong)(zhong)，其中魚類有5目11科(ke)(ke)(ke)43種(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲類有2目4科(ke)(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類共(gong)有3目4科(ke)(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類17目44科(ke)(ke)(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong)；獸類6目l6科(ke)(ke)(ke)47種(zhong)(zhong),國家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護動(dong)物6種(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護動(dong)物36種(zhong)(zhong)。此外，還有昆(kun)蟲動(dong)物12目95科(ke)(ke)(ke)370種(zhong)(zhong)。

1、魚類

黑龍江(jiang)友好(hao)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)共(gong)有魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)5目11科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)43種(zhong)(zhong)，占黑龍江(jiang)省魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)105種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)41.0%，占小興安嶺(ling)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)71種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)63.3%，其中鯉科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Cyprinidae）魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)多，為27種(zhong)(zhong)，占保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)62.8%；其次是(shi)鰍科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Cobitidae）魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，有4種(zhong)(zhong)，占保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)9.3%，鮭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Salmonidae）魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)，占總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)7.0%；鯰(nian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Siluridae）魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong)，占保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)4.7%；茴魚(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Thymallidae）、胡瓜(gua)魚(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Osmeridae）、狗魚(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Esocidae）、塘(tang)鱧(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Eleotridae）、鲿科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Bagridae）、鮨科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Serranidae）、鱈科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（Gadidae）各1種(zhong)(zhong)，分別占總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)2.3%。

2、兩棲類及(ji)爬行類

黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)友好國家級自然保護區內兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共有9種，隸(li)屬于(yu)2目5科，占黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)種數的(de)75.0%；爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)10種，隸(li)屬于(yu)3目4科，占黑(hei)龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)種數的(de)62.5%。

保護區內兩棲(qi)類有尾目中(zhong)以極北(bei)(bei)鯢(ni)（Salamandrella keyserlingii）較(jiao)常(chang)見(jian)，東北(bei)(bei)小鯢(ni)（Hynobius leechii）偶爾可見(jian)。極北(bei)(bei)鯢(ni)每年春(chun)夏(xia)季在(zai)山溪(xi)及其附近的(de)(de)沼澤(ze)中(zhong)常(chang)可見(jian)到(dao)實體和卵(luan)袋；無尾目中(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)是(shi)黑龍(long)江林蛙(wa)(wa)（Rana amurensis）、中(zhong)國林蛙(wa)(wa)（Rana chensinensis）、東北(bei)(bei)雨蛙(wa)(wa)（Hyla arborea）、中(zhong)華蟾(chan)蜍（Bufo gargarizans）和花(hua)背蟾(chan)蜍（Bufo raddei）。夏(xia)季常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)種是(shi)東北(bei)(bei)雨蛙(wa)(wa)，在(zai)濕地中(zhong)有相當大的(de)(de)數量。黑斑蛙(wa)(wa)（Rana nigromaculata）在(zai)這里是(shi)偶見(jian)種。

保(bao)護區內爬行類龜(gui)鱉目中的(de)(de)鱉（Trionyx sinensis）偶爾可見(jian)(jian)，數(shu)(shu)量(liang)極少。蜥蜴目中的(de)(de)胎(tai)生蜥蜴（Lacertavivipara）是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)常見(jian)(jian)種(zhong)，常活動于林緣、路旁、倒木(mu)下，其卵胎(tai)生的(de)(de)繁殖方(fang)式是(shi)適應這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)寒冷、無霜期短的(de)(de)氣(qi)候的(de)(de)很好(hao)方(fang)式。黑(hei)龍江草(cao)蜥（Takydromusamurensis）為(wei)(wei)(wei)常見(jian)(jian)種(zhong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)蛇類是(shi)白條錦蛇（Elaphe dione）和烏蘇(su)里(li)蝮（Gloydius ussuriensis），它們(men)分(fen)布較(jiao)廣(guang)，大(da)多數(shu)(shu)山地(di)均可見(jian)(jian)到。體形(xing)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)棕(zong)黑(hei)錦蛇（E.schrenckii）在這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)里(li)是(shi)偶見(jian)(jian)種(zhong)。紅點(dian)錦蛇（E.rufodorsata）、巖(yan)棲蝮（Gloydius saxaticis）和虎斑頸槽蛇（Rhabdophis tigrinus）分(fen)布于河流附近的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)和石山上，數(shu)(shu)量(liang)稀(xi)少。

3、鳥類

黑龍江友好自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生境(jing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)多(duo)樣，決定了該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)資源的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性。經(jing)調查及文(wen)獻(xian)統(tong)計，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)(mu)44科221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黑龍江省鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)60.4%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小興(xing)安(an)嶺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)85.30%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分布(bu)有(you)(you)24科113種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)51.1%，雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分布(bu)有(you)(you)20科108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)48.9%。據統(tong)計保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)達134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)60.63%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)50.7%，在雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)有(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)49.3%。冬(dong)(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（W）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)很少，僅(jin)分布(bu)有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)6.79%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)僅(jin)有(you)(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬(dong)(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)20.0%，雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬(dong)(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)80.0%。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)有(you)(you)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（R）34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)15.38%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)41.2%，雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)58.8%。該(gai)(gai)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（P）共(gong)計38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)17.20%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)73.7%，雀(que)(que)(que)(que)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)26.3%。從鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成分居留型(xing)來看，夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（S）無論是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)還是數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量均占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)當大(da)比例。

保護對象

(1)沼澤濕地生態(tai)系統。

(2)以原麝(she)、紫貂、東方(fang)白鸛、金雕、丹頂鶴以及紅(hong)松、鉆天(tian)柳、黃檗、紫椴等為代表的珍(zhen)稀野生動植物資源及其(qi)棲息地。

沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地是友(you)好自然保護區的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)保護對象，因此有必要(yao)(yao)對保護區內的沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地植被類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)及特征加以重點論述。由于保護區內地勢平(ping)緩(huan)，河(he)谷(gu)平(ping)坦寬闊(kuo)，河(he)曲發達，牛軛湖眾多，加上(shang)氣候冷濕(shi)，島狀凍土分布普遍，從而形(xing)(xing)成了大(da)面積(ji)的沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植被，且類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)繁多。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)、灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)、草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)等植被類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。尤(you)其是森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)面積(ji)大(da)，類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)多，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)有興安落(luo)(luo)(luo)葉松－油樺－苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)和(he)(he)興安落(luo)(luo)(luo)葉松－窄葉杜香－中(zhong)位泥(ni)炭(tan)(tan)蘚群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)及白樺沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)等。灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植被主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有油樺－修(xiu)氏(shi)苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)、油樺－篤斯越桔(jie)－蘚類(lei)(lei)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)等，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分布于河(he)灘和(he)(he)階地上(shang)。草(cao)本沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)中(zhong)以苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)較多，有草(cao)甸形(xing)(xing)成的灰脈苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)－修(xiu)氏(shi)苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)、湖泊(bo)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)化(hua)形(xing)(xing)成的毛果苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)－泥(ni)炭(tan)(tan)蘚群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)等。

沼澤

根(gen)據組成(cheng)建群種的(de)不同(tong)，可劃(hua)分3個(ge)植被亞型，即(ji)：草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)和森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)。

草本沼澤

草(cao)(cao)本沼澤從(cong)發(fa)(fa)生上，大多(duo)由草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)沼澤化而成(cheng)，多(duo)發(fa)(fa)生在河(he)漫灘(tan)的(de)洼(wa)地(di)，由于(yu)地(di)勢低洼(wa)、地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位高，特別是受河(he)水(shui)泛濫的(de)影響，造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)過分濕(shi)潤(run)或(huo)水(shui)分滯(zhi)聚，土壤的(de)孔(kong)隙被(bei)水(shui)分充(chong)填，微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)活動減(jian)(jian)弱，因而植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)殘(can)體中的(de)營養元素不能(neng)礦化。這(zhe)樣在水(shui)分增(zeng)加，養分減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)的(de)情況下(xia)，為植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)自然演替創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)有(you)(you)利條(tiao)件，使一些根狀莖草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)，而要求(qiu)養分較少(shao)(shao)，喜(xi)濕(shi)的(de)密叢型(xing)沼澤植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)增(zeng)多(duo)。根據(ju)組成(cheng)、結構與分布規律，本植(zhi)被(bei)亞型(xing)只有(you)(you)3個群系組（泥炭(tan)蘚沼澤、草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)沼澤、莎(sha)草(cao)(cao)沼澤）。

灌叢沼澤

灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)系指(zhi)在地(di)(di)(di)表過(guo)濕或積(ji)水(shui)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)段上，以喜濕的(de)灌(guan)木為主所組成(cheng)的(de)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植物群落。在保(bao)護區內，分(fen)布地(di)(di)(di)域較廣，面(mian)積(ji)也較大，多發(fa)生(sheng)平坦(tan)溝(gou)谷(gu)和河漫灘(tan)這些地(di)(di)(di)段，地(di)(di)(di)勢低洼(wa)，平坦(tan)，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位高，水(shui)分(fen)容易集(ji)聚的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)，由于土(tu)質粘重(zhong)，又有永凍層形(xing)成(cheng)隔(ge)水(shui)板，造(zao)成(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)表過(guo)濕或積(ji)水(shui)，引(yin)起(qi)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)植物不斷侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)。首先侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)的(de)是(shi)喜濕的(de)密(mi)叢(cong)苔草和淺根(gen)系的(de)柴樺（Betula fruticosa），隨后是(shi)提(ti)燈蘚（Mnium cuspidatum）等蘚類(lei)(lei)，這些植物侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)后，死亡的(de)植物殘體在土(tu)壤嫌氣條件下(xia)，逐(zhu)漸形(xing)成(cheng)泥炭，營養貧乏，樹木開始生(sheng)長(chang)不良，并逐(zhu)漸遞減，森林演變為沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)，形(xing)成(cheng)現有的(de)各類(lei)(lei)灌(guan)叢(cong)沼(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)。

森林沼澤

森林(lin)(lin)沼澤(ze)從外(wai)貌上(shang)具有森林(lin)(lin)的(de)特征，是以(yi)喬(qiao)木(mu)組成上(shang)層林(lin)(lin)冠，并生長在地(di)表過濕(shi)或積水的(de)地(di)段上(shang)，以(yi)濕(shi)生植(zhi)物、沼生植(zhi)物為主所組成的(de)森林(lin)(lin)沼澤(ze)植(zhi)物群落。該沼澤(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)是由(you)耐冷(leng)濕(shi)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)針葉樹種――云冷(leng)杉、興安落葉松(song)和落葉闊葉喬(qiao)木(mu)樹種白(bai)樺和毛(mao)赤楊（Alnus sibirica）為建群種，伴生著濕(shi)生和中濕(shi)生灌木(mu)和草本植(zhi)物組成的(de)垮帶隱(yin)域性森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)。

價值地位

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區是(shi)以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)珍稀(xi)野生(sheng)生(sheng)物資(zi)源(yuan)及其(qi)生(sheng)境和(he)(he)森林沼澤(ze)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統為宗旨，集資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)和(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游于(yu)一體(ti)的自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區。主要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)為東北(bei)林區森林沼澤(ze)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統和(he)(he)珍稀(xi)野生(sheng)動植物資(zi)源(yuan)及其(qi)棲息地。豐富(fu)的生(sheng)物多樣性和(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統多樣性顯(xian)示了保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區巨(ju)大的保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)價值(zhi)和(he)(he)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)價值(zhi)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內森林茂密，河流(liu)縱橫，濕地面積廣(guang)闊，生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統保(bao)(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區在提高水(shui)源(yuan)涵養、控制水(shui)土流(liu)失、防(fang)止干旱和(he)(he)洪(hong)澇災害、調節(jie)氣候(hou)等方面具(ju)有非常重要(yao)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)意(yi)義和(he)(he)科學(xue)價值(zhi)。