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歷史沿革

2001年成(cheng)立友好自(zi)然保護區；

2004年被國家(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局批準為省（部(bu)）級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)；

2006年(nian)被(bei)省(sheng)政府批準為省(sheng)級自然保護(hu)區；

2012年晉升為國家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區。

2018年2月(yue)11日被列(lie)入國際重要濕地(di)。

地理環境

地理位置

黑龍江友好自然保(bao)護區地(di)(di)處(chu)小興(xing)安(an)嶺山脈中(zhong)段(duan)，橫跨小興(xing)安(an)嶺主脈的(de)南北(bei)兩坡，地(di)(di)理坐標為東(dong)經128°10′15″—128°33′25″，北(bei)緯48°13′07″—48°33′15″。

氣候

黑龍江(jiang)友(you)好國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)屬(shu)北溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性濕潤(run)季(ji)風氣候區(qu)，年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)在0.4℃左右，夏季(ji)平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度為20℃至22℃，且晝夜溫(wen)差較大，有6個月的冰(bing)封期。

水文

黑龍江友好(hao)(hao)自(zi)然保(bao)護區區域河(he)流充沛，擁(yong)有流域面積廣闊的友好(hao)(hao)河(he)水系。

自然資源

植物資源

黑(hei)龍江友(you)好國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區共有高(gao)等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)836種(zhong)，其中包括1亞(ya)種(zhong)，23變種(zhong)，3變型。其中苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)56科(ke)，100屬(shu)，183種(zhong)，占(zhan)保護(hu)區總(zong)科(ke)數的(de)35.22%，占(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)數的(de)24.15%，占(zhan)總(zong)種(zhong)數的(de)21.89%；蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)41種(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)于14科(ke)，26屬(shu)，分別(bie)占(zhan)保護(hu)區總(zong)種(zhong)數的(de)4.90%；占(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)數的(de)8.81%；占(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)數的(de)6.28%；種(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)（裸子(zi)和被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)）612種(zhong)，占(zhan)總(zong)種(zhong)數的(de)73.21%，隸(li)屬(shu)于89科(ke)，288屬(shu)，分別(bie)占(zhan)保護(hu)區科(ke)、屬(shu)的(de)55.97%，69.57%。

動物資源

黑龍江友好(hao)自然保護區(qu)(qu)動物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系屬古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)、東北(bei)(bei)亞界(jie)、東北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)、長白山亞區(qu)(qu)小興安嶺山地省(sheng)，野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系介于大興安嶺和長白山地之間，其東部為三江平原(yuan)，西(xi)部為松嫩(nen)平原(yuan)。因此，野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系組成比較豐富。

黑龍江友(you)好國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區內現存的(de)脊椎動(dong)物共有330種(zhong)，其中魚類(lei)(lei)有5目(mu)11科(ke)43種(zhong)；兩棲類(lei)(lei)有2目(mu)4科(ke)8種(zhong)；爬行類(lei)(lei)共有3目(mu)4科(ke)11種(zhong)；鳥類(lei)(lei)17目(mu)44科(ke)221種(zhong)；獸類(lei)(lei)6目(mu)l6科(ke)47種(zhong),國家(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護動(dong)物6種(zhong)，國家(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)護動(dong)物36種(zhong)。此外，還有昆蟲動(dong)物12目(mu)95科(ke)370種(zhong)。

1、魚類

黑龍江友好國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)有魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)5目11科(ke)(ke)43種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黑龍江省魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)105種(zhong)的41.0%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小興安嶺(ling)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)71種(zhong)的63.3%，其(qi)中鯉科(ke)(ke)（Cyprinidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)多，為(wei)27種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的62.8%；其(qi)次是鰍科(ke)(ke)（Cobitidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)，有4種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的9.3%，鮭科(ke)(ke)（Salmonidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)3種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的7.0%；鯰(nian)科(ke)(ke)（Siluridae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)2種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的4.7%；茴(hui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Thymallidae）、胡瓜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Osmeridae）、狗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Esocidae）、塘鱧科(ke)(ke)（Eleotridae）、鲿科(ke)(ke)（Bagridae）、鮨(qi)科(ke)(ke)（Serranidae）、鱈科(ke)(ke)（Gadidae）各(ge)1種(zhong)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的2.3%。

2、兩棲類及爬行類

黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江友好國家級自然保護區內兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)共有9種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)于2目5科(ke)，占黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江省兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)75.0%；爬行動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)于3目4科(ke)，占黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)江省爬行動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)62.5%。

保護區(qu)內兩棲類有尾(wei)目中(zhong)以極北(bei)鯢(ni)（Salamandrella keyserlingii）較(jiao)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見，東(dong)北(bei)小鯢(ni)（Hynobius leechii）偶(ou)爾(er)可(ke)見。極北(bei)鯢(ni)每(mei)年春夏季在山溪及其附近的(de)沼澤(ze)中(zhong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)可(ke)見到實體(ti)和(he)卵袋；無(wu)尾(wei)目中(zhong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)見的(de)是黑龍(long)江林(lin)蛙(wa)（Rana amurensis）、中(zhong)國林(lin)蛙(wa)（Rana chensinensis）、東(dong)北(bei)雨蛙(wa)（Hyla arborea）、中(zhong)華蟾蜍(chu)（Bufo gargarizans）和(he)花(hua)背蟾蜍(chu)（Bufo raddei）。夏季常(chang)(chang)(chang)見的(de)優勢種(zhong)是東(dong)北(bei)雨蛙(wa)，在濕(shi)地中(zhong)有相(xiang)當大的(de)數量。黑斑蛙(wa)（Rana nigromaculata）在這(zhe)里(li)是偶(ou)見種(zhong)。

保護區內爬行類(lei)龜鱉目中的(de)(de)鱉（Trionyx sinensis）偶爾可見(jian)(jian)，數(shu)(shu)量(liang)極(ji)少(shao)。蜥蜴(yi)目中的(de)(de)胎生蜥蜴(yi)（Lacertavivipara）是(shi)這(zhe)里的(de)(de)常見(jian)(jian)種(zhong)，常活動(dong)于林(lin)緣、路旁、倒木下，其卵胎生的(de)(de)繁殖方式是(shi)適(shi)應(ying)這(zhe)里極(ji)為寒(han)冷、無霜期短的(de)(de)氣候的(de)(de)很好方式。黑龍(long)江(jiang)草蜥（Takydromusamurensis）為常見(jian)(jian)種(zhong)。這(zhe)里較為常見(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)蛇類(lei)是(shi)白條錦(jin)蛇（Elaphe dione）和烏蘇里蝮(fu)(fu)（Gloydius ussuriensis），它(ta)們分布較廣，大多數(shu)(shu)山地均可見(jian)(jian)到。體形較大的(de)(de)棕黑錦(jin)蛇（E.schrenckii）在這(zhe)里是(shi)偶見(jian)(jian)種(zhong)。紅點(dian)錦(jin)蛇（E.rufodorsata）、巖棲(qi)蝮(fu)(fu)（Gloydius saxaticis）和虎斑頸槽蛇（Rhabdophis tigrinus）分布于河流附近的(de)(de)濕地和石山上，數(shu)(shu)量(liang)稀少(shao)。

3、鳥類

黑(hei)龍江友好自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)境類(lei)(lei)型(xing)多樣，決定了該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)資源的(de)(de)多樣性(xing)。經調查及文(wen)獻統(tong)計，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)44科221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黑(hei)龍江省鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)60.4%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小興安嶺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)85.30%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)24科113種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)51.1%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)20科108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)48.9%。據統(tong)計保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)多達134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)60.63%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)50.7%，在雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)有(you)(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)49.3%。冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（W）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)很(hen)少，僅分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)6.79%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)僅有(you)(you)(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)20.0%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)80.0%。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共有(you)(you)(you)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（R）34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)15.38%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)41.2%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)58.8%。該自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（P）共計38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)17.20%，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)73.7%，雀(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)26.3%。從鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)成分居留型(xing)來看(kan)，夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（S）無論是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)還是(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量均占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)相當大比例。

保護對象

(1)沼(zhao)澤濕地生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)。

(2)以原麝、紫(zi)貂、東方白鸛、金雕、丹頂(ding)鶴以及紅(hong)松、鉆天(tian)柳、黃檗、紫(zi)椴等為(wei)代表的(de)珍稀野生動植物資源及其棲息地(di)。

沼(zhao)(zhao)澤濕(shi)地(di)是(shi)友(you)好(hao)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)保護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象，因(yin)此(ci)有(you)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內的(de)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤濕(shi)地(di)植被(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)及特征加以(yi)重點論述。由(you)于保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內地(di)勢平緩，河(he)(he)谷平坦寬闊，河(he)(he)曲發達，牛(niu)軛湖眾多(duo)，加上氣候冷濕(shi)，島狀凍土分布普遍，從而(er)形成(cheng)了(le)大面(mian)積的(de)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植被(bei)，且(qie)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)繁(fan)多(duo)。主要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤等(deng)(deng)植被(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)。尤(you)其是(shi)森(sen)林沼(zhao)(zhao)澤面(mian)積大，類(lei)(lei)型(xing)多(duo)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)有(you)興安落葉(xie)(xie)松－油(you)(you)樺(hua)－苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)落和(he)興安落葉(xie)(xie)松－窄葉(xie)(xie)杜(du)香(xiang)－中位泥(ni)炭蘚群(qun)(qun)落及白(bai)樺(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤等(deng)(deng)。灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植被(bei)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)油(you)(you)樺(hua)－修氏(shi)苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)落、油(you)(you)樺(hua)－篤斯越桔－蘚類(lei)(lei)群(qun)(qun)落等(deng)(deng)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)分布于河(he)(he)灘和(he)階地(di)上。草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤中以(yi)苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)較多(duo)，有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸形成(cheng)的(de)灰脈苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)－修氏(shi)苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)落、湖泊沼(zhao)(zhao)澤化形成(cheng)的(de)毛(mao)果(guo)苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)－泥(ni)炭蘚群(qun)(qun)落等(deng)(deng)。

沼澤

根據(ju)組(zu)成建群種的不同(tong)，可劃分3個植被亞型，即：草本(ben)沼(zhao)澤(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)和森林(lin)沼(zhao)澤(ze)。

草本沼澤

草本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤從發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)，大多(duo)由(you)草甸沼(zhao)(zhao)澤化(hua)而成，多(duo)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)河漫灘的(de)(de)(de)洼地(di)，由(you)于地(di)勢低洼、地(di)下水位高，特(te)別是受河水泛濫(lan)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，造成了(le)草甸過分(fen)(fen)濕潤或水分(fen)(fen)滯聚(ju)，土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)孔隙被水分(fen)(fen)充填，微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)活動(dong)減(jian)弱(ruo)，因而植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)殘體(ti)中的(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)元(yuan)素不能礦化(hua)。這樣在(zai)水分(fen)(fen)增(zeng)加，養(yang)分(fen)(fen)減(jian)少的(de)(de)(de)情況下，為植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)自然演(yan)替(ti)創造了(le)有(you)利條(tiao)件(jian)，使一些根(gen)(gen)狀(zhuang)莖草甸植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)逐漸(jian)減(jian)少，而要求(qiu)養(yang)分(fen)(fen)較少，喜(xi)濕的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)叢型(xing)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)多(duo)。根(gen)(gen)據(ju)組成、結構與(yu)分(fen)(fen)布規(gui)律，本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)被亞型(xing)只有(you)3個群系組（泥炭(tan)蘚沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、草甸沼(zhao)(zhao)澤、莎草沼(zhao)(zhao)澤）。

灌叢沼澤

灌叢沼澤系指在地(di)表過(guo)濕或積水(shui)的(de)地(di)段(duan)上(shang)，以喜濕的(de)灌木為(wei)主(zhu)所組成的(de)沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群落。在保護區內，分布地(di)域較廣，面積也較大，多發生平坦(tan)溝谷(gu)和河(he)漫灘這些(xie)地(di)段(duan)，地(di)勢低洼，平坦(tan)，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位高，水(shui)分容易集聚(ju)的(de)地(di)方，由于土質粘(zhan)重，又有永凍層(ceng)形成隔水(shui)板，造成地(di)表過(guo)濕或積水(shui)，引起(qi)沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)不(bu)斷侵入(ru)(ru)。首先侵入(ru)(ru)的(de)是(shi)喜濕的(de)密叢苔草和淺根系的(de)柴樺（Betula fruticosa），隨(sui)后(hou)是(shi)提燈蘚（Mnium cuspidatum）等蘚類，這些(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)侵入(ru)(ru)后(hou)，死(si)亡的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)殘體在土壤(rang)嫌氣條(tiao)件下(xia)，逐漸(jian)形成泥炭，營養貧乏，樹木開(kai)始生長不(bu)良，并逐漸(jian)遞減，森林演變為(wei)沼澤，形成現有的(de)各(ge)類灌叢沼澤。

森林沼澤

森(sen)林沼澤(ze)從(cong)外貌上具有森(sen)林的特征，是以(yi)喬(qiao)木組(zu)成上層(ceng)林冠，并生(sheng)(sheng)長在地(di)表過濕或積水的地(di)段上，以(yi)濕生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)、沼生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)為主所(suo)組(zu)成的森(sen)林沼澤(ze)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群落。該沼澤(ze)植(zhi)(zhi)被是由耐冷濕條件(jian)的針葉(xie)樹(shu)種――云冷杉、興安落葉(xie)松(song)和落葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)喬(qiao)木樹(shu)種白樺和毛(mao)赤楊（Alnus sibirica）為建群種，伴生(sheng)(sheng)著濕生(sheng)(sheng)和中濕生(sheng)(sheng)灌木和草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)組(zu)成的垮(kua)帶隱域(yu)性森(sen)林植(zhi)(zhi)被。

價值地位

保(bao)(bao)護區是以保(bao)(bao)護珍(zhen)(zhen)稀野生生物資源(yuan)(yuan)及其(qi)生境和(he)(he)森(sen)林(lin)沼(zhao)澤生態系統為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)旨(zhi)，集資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護、科學研(yan)究和(he)(he)生態旅(lv)游(you)于(yu)一體(ti)的(de)自然保(bao)(bao)護區。主要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護對象為(wei)(wei)東北林(lin)區森(sen)林(lin)沼(zhao)澤生態系統和(he)(he)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀野生動植(zhi)物資源(yuan)(yuan)及其(qi)棲息(xi)地。豐富的(de)生物多樣性和(he)(he)生態系統多樣性顯示(shi)了保(bao)(bao)護區巨(ju)大的(de)保(bao)(bao)護價(jia)值和(he)(he)科學研(yan)究價(jia)值。保(bao)(bao)護區內森(sen)林(lin)茂密，河(he)流(liu)縱橫，濕(shi)地面積(ji)廣闊，生態系統保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)。保(bao)(bao)護區在(zai)提高(gao)水源(yuan)(yuan)涵養、控制水土流(liu)失、防止干(gan)旱(han)和(he)(he)洪澇(lao)災害、調節氣候等方面具有非常重要(yao)的(de)保(bao)(bao)護意義和(he)(he)科學價(jia)值。