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歷史沿革

2001年(nian)成(cheng)立友好自然保護區；

2004年被國家林(lin)業局批(pi)準(zhun)為省（部）級自(zi)然保護區；

2006年被(bei)省政府批準為省級自然保護區；

2012年晉升為國家級自然保護區。

2018年2月11日被(bei)列入(ru)國際重要濕地。

地理環境

地理位置

黑龍江友好自然保護區地(di)處小(xiao)興(xing)安嶺(ling)山(shan)脈中(zhong)段，橫(heng)跨(kua)小(xiao)興(xing)安嶺(ling)主(zhu)脈的(de)南北(bei)兩坡(po)，地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東經128°10′15″—128°33′25″，北(bei)緯48°13′07″—48°33′15″。

氣候

黑龍江友好國家級自然保護區屬北溫帶大陸性濕潤季風氣候區，年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫在(zai)0.4℃左右，夏(xia)季平(ping)均(jun)溫度(du)為20℃至22℃，且晝夜溫差較(jiao)大，有6個月的冰封期。

水文

黑龍江(jiang)友好自然保護區(qu)區(qu)域(yu)河流充沛，擁(yong)有流域(yu)面積(ji)廣(guang)闊的友好河水系(xi)。

自然資源

植物資源

黑龍江友好國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)共有高等植(zhi)物(wu)836種(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)包括(kuo)1亞種(zhong)，23變種(zhong)，3變型。其(qi)中(zhong)苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)56科(ke)(ke)，100屬，183種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)科(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)35.22%，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)24.15%，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)21.89%；蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)41種(zhong)，隸(li)屬于14科(ke)(ke)，26屬，分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)4.90%；占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)科(ke)(ke)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)8.81%；占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)6.28%；種(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)（裸子和被子植(zhi)物(wu)）612種(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)73.21%，隸(li)屬于89科(ke)(ke)，288屬，分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)科(ke)(ke)、屬的(de)(de)55.97%，69.57%。

動物資源

黑(hei)龍江友好自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)動(dong)物區(qu)(qu)系屬(shu)古北(bei)界、東北(bei)亞(ya)界、東北(bei)區(qu)(qu)、長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)小興安(an)嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地省，野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物區(qu)(qu)系介于大興安(an)嶺(ling)和長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)地之間，其東部(bu)為三江平原(yuan)，西(xi)部(bu)為松嫩平原(yuan)。因此(ci)，野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物區(qu)(qu)系組(zu)成比較豐富。

黑龍江友好國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區內現(xian)存(cun)的脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共有(you)330種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中魚類(lei)有(you)5目(mu)11科(ke)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲類(lei)有(you)2目(mu)4科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)共有(you)3目(mu)4科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)17目(mu)44科(ke)221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；獸類(lei)6目(mu)l6科(ke)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)外，還有(you)昆蟲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)12目(mu)95科(ke)370種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

1、魚類

黑(hei)龍(long)江友好國家級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)共有魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類5目11科(ke)(ke)43種，占(zhan)黑(hei)龍(long)江省魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)105種的(de)(de)41.0%，占(zhan)小(xiao)興安嶺(ling)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)71種的(de)(de)63.3%，其中鯉科(ke)(ke)（Cyprinidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類多，為27種，占(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)62.8%；其次(ci)是鰍科(ke)(ke)（Cobitidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類，有4種，占(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)9.3%，鮭(gui)科(ke)(ke)（Salmonidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類3種，占(zhan)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)7.0%；鯰科(ke)(ke)（Siluridae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類2種，占(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)4.7%；茴(hui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Thymallidae）、胡瓜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Osmeridae）、狗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Esocidae）、塘(tang)鱧科(ke)(ke)（Eleotridae）、鲿科(ke)(ke)（Bagridae）、鮨科(ke)(ke)（Serranidae）、鱈(xue)科(ke)(ke)（Gadidae）各1種，分(fen)別占(zhan)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)2.3%。

2、兩棲類及爬行(xing)類

黑龍江(jiang)友好國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區內兩棲動(dong)物(wu)共(gong)有9種，隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)于2目(mu)5科，占黑龍江(jiang)省兩棲動(dong)物(wu)種數的75.0%；爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)10種，隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)于3目(mu)4科，占黑龍江(jiang)省爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)種數的62.5%。

保護區內兩棲(qi)類有(you)尾目中以極北(bei)(bei)鯢(ni)（Salamandrella keyserlingii）較常(chang)見，東北(bei)(bei)小鯢(ni)（Hynobius leechii）偶(ou)爾可見。極北(bei)(bei)鯢(ni)每年春夏(xia)季在(zai)山溪及其附(fu)近的(de)沼澤中常(chang)可見到實體和卵袋；無尾目中常(chang)見的(de)是黑龍江林(lin)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)（Rana amurensis）、中國林(lin)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)（Rana chensinensis）、東北(bei)(bei)雨(yu)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)（Hyla arborea）、中華蟾(chan)蜍（Bufo gargarizans）和花背蟾(chan)蜍（Bufo raddei）。夏(xia)季常(chang)見的(de)優勢種是東北(bei)(bei)雨(yu)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)，在(zai)濕地中有(you)相當大(da)的(de)數(shu)量。黑斑蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)（Rana nigromaculata）在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)是偶(ou)見種。

保護區(qu)內爬(pa)行類龜(gui)鱉目中的(de)鱉（Trionyx sinensis）偶爾可見，數量極少(shao)。蜥(xi)蜴目中的(de)胎生蜥(xi)蜴（Lacertavivipara）是這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)常(chang)見種，常(chang)活(huo)動于(yu)林(lin)緣、路旁、倒木下(xia)，其(qi)卵胎生的(de)繁(fan)殖方式是適應這(zhe)里(li)(li)極為(wei)(wei)寒冷、無霜期短的(de)氣(qi)候的(de)很(hen)好方式。黑龍江(jiang)草蜥(xi)（Takydromusamurensis）為(wei)(wei)常(chang)見種。這(zhe)里(li)(li)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)見的(de)蛇(she)(she)類是白條(tiao)錦蛇(she)(she)（Elaphe dione）和(he)(he)烏蘇里(li)(li)蝮（Gloydius ussuriensis），它們分布較(jiao)廣，大多數山地(di)均可見到。體形較(jiao)大的(de)棕黑錦蛇(she)(she)（E.schrenckii）在這(zhe)里(li)(li)是偶見種。紅點錦蛇(she)(she)（E.rufodorsata）、巖棲蝮（Gloydius saxaticis）和(he)(he)虎斑頸槽蛇(she)(she)（Rhabdophis tigrinus）分布于(yu)河流附近的(de)濕地(di)和(he)(he)石山上，數量稀(xi)少(shao)。

3、鳥類

黑龍江友好自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生境類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)多(duo)樣，決(jue)定了該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性。經調查及文獻統計，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共有(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)(mu)44科221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黑龍江省鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.4%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小興安嶺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)85.30%，其(qi)(qi)中非(fei)雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布有(you)24科113種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)51.1%，雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)(fen)布有(you)20科108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)48.9%。據統計保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)達134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60.63%，其(qi)(qi)中非(fei)雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50.7%，在雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)中夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)有(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)49.3%。冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（W）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)很少(shao)，僅分(fen)(fen)布有(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6.79%，其(qi)(qi)中非(fei)雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)僅有(you)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)20.0%，雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)80.0%。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共有(you)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（R）34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)15.38%，其(qi)(qi)中非(fei)雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)41.2%，雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)58.8%。該自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（P）共計38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17.20%，其(qi)(qi)中非(fei)雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)73.7%，雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)26.3%。從鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成分(fen)(fen)居留(liu)型(xing)來看，夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（S）無論是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)還是數(shu)量均占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)當大(da)比(bi)例(li)。

保護對象

(1)沼(zhao)澤濕地生態(tai)系統。

(2)以原麝、紫貂、東(dong)方白(bai)鸛、金雕、丹(dan)頂鶴以及紅松、鉆天柳、黃檗、紫椴等為代(dai)表的珍(zhen)稀野生動植物資源(yuan)及其棲息地。

沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)是(shi)友好自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的主要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)，因此有(you)必要(yao)對(dui)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)的沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地(di)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)及特征(zheng)加以重點論(lun)述。由于保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)地(di)勢平(ping)緩，河谷(gu)平(ping)坦(tan)寬闊，河曲發達，牛(niu)軛湖眾多，加上氣候冷濕(shi)，島(dao)狀凍土分布(bu)普遍(bian)，從而(er)形(xing)成了大面(mian)積的沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)，且類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)繁多。主要(yao)包括森林沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。尤其是(shi)森林沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)面(mian)積大，類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)多，主要(yao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)有(you)興安落(luo)(luo)葉松－油(you)樺(hua)－苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)和興安落(luo)(luo)葉松－窄葉杜香－中位泥(ni)炭(tan)蘚群落(luo)(luo)及白樺(hua)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)等。灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)主要(yao)有(you)油(you)樺(hua)－修氏(shi)苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)、油(you)樺(hua)－篤斯越桔(jie)－蘚類(lei)(lei)群落(luo)(luo)等，主要(yao)分布(bu)于河灘(tan)和階(jie)地(di)上。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)中以苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)較多，有(you)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸形(xing)成的灰脈苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)－修氏(shi)苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)、湖泊沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)化形(xing)成的毛果(guo)苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)－泥(ni)炭(tan)蘚群落(luo)(luo)等。

沼澤

根據組(zu)成建(jian)群種的不同(tong)，可劃分3個植被亞型(xing)，即：草本沼澤、灌叢沼澤和森(sen)林沼澤。

草本沼澤

草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)從發生(sheng)上，大多(duo)由(you)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)化(hua)而成(cheng)，多(duo)發生(sheng)在河漫灘(tan)的洼地(di)，由(you)于地(di)勢低(di)洼、地(di)下水(shui)(shui)位高，特別是受河水(shui)(shui)泛濫的影響(xiang)，造成(cheng)了(le)(le)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)過分(fen)(fen)(fen)濕(shi)潤(run)或水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)滯聚，土壤的孔隙被水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)充填，微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)活動減弱，因而植物(wu)(wu)殘體中(zhong)的營養(yang)元素不(bu)能礦化(hua)。這樣(yang)在水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)增加，養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)減少(shao)的情(qing)況下，為植物(wu)(wu)的自然演(yan)替創造了(le)(le)有(you)利條件，使一(yi)些根(gen)狀莖草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)植物(wu)(wu)逐漸(jian)減少(shao)，而要求養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)較少(shao)，喜濕(shi)的密叢型沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)植物(wu)(wu)逐漸(jian)增多(duo)。根(gen)據組(zu)成(cheng)、結(jie)構(gou)與分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)規律，本植被亞型只有(you)3個群系組(zu)（泥炭蘚(xian)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)(dian)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、莎(sha)草(cao)(cao)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)）。

灌叢沼澤

灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤系指在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)表過濕(shi)或積水(shui)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)上，以喜濕(shi)的(de)(de)灌木為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)所組成的(de)(de)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植物(wu)群落。在(zai)保護(hu)區內，分(fen)布(bu)地(di)(di)(di)域較(jiao)廣，面(mian)積也較(jiao)大，多發生平坦溝谷和河(he)漫(man)灘這些(xie)(xie)地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)，地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低洼，平坦，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位高，水(shui)分(fen)容易集聚的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方，由于土質粘重，又有永凍層形(xing)成隔水(shui)板，造成地(di)(di)(di)表過濕(shi)或積水(shui)，引(yin)起沼(zhao)(zhao)澤植物(wu)不斷(duan)侵(qin)入。首先侵(qin)入的(de)(de)是喜濕(shi)的(de)(de)密叢苔草(cao)和淺根(gen)系的(de)(de)柴樺（Betula fruticosa），隨后是提燈蘚（Mnium cuspidatum）等蘚類，這些(xie)(xie)植物(wu)侵(qin)入后，死(si)亡的(de)(de)植物(wu)殘體在(zai)土壤嫌氣條件下(xia)，逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)形(xing)成泥炭，營養貧乏(fa)，樹木開(kai)始生長不良，并逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)遞減，森林演變為(wei)(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)澤，形(xing)成現(xian)有的(de)(de)各類灌叢沼(zhao)(zhao)澤。

森林沼澤

森林(lin)沼澤從外貌上具有(you)森林(lin)的特征，是以喬(qiao)木組成(cheng)上層林(lin)冠，并生(sheng)長在地表過(guo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)或積(ji)水的地段上，以濕(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物、沼生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物為主所組成(cheng)的森林(lin)沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)物群落。該沼澤植(zhi)(zhi)被是由(you)耐冷(leng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)條件的針葉樹種(zhong)――云冷(leng)杉、興安落葉松和落葉闊葉喬(qiao)木樹種(zhong)白樺(hua)和毛赤楊（Alnus sibirica）為建群種(zhong)，伴生(sheng)著濕(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)和中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)灌木和草本植(zhi)(zhi)物組成(cheng)的垮(kua)帶隱域性森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被。

價值地位

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區是(shi)以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)珍稀野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物資源(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)境和(he)(he)森林(lin)沼澤生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統為(wei)(wei)宗(zong)旨，集(ji)資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、科(ke)學(xue)研究和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游于一體的(de)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區。主要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對象為(wei)(wei)東北林(lin)區森林(lin)沼澤生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和(he)(he)珍稀野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物資源(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)棲息(xi)地。豐富的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統多樣性顯示了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區巨大的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)價值(zhi)和(he)(he)科(ke)學(xue)研究價值(zhi)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區內森林(lin)茂密，河流(liu)(liu)縱橫，濕地面(mian)(mian)積廣闊，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區在提(ti)高水源(yuan)涵養、控(kong)制水土流(liu)(liu)失、防止干旱和(he)(he)洪澇災(zai)害(hai)、調(diao)節氣候等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)具有非常(chang)重要的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)意義和(he)(he)科(ke)學(xue)價值(zhi)。