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基本信息

成立時間

1996年(nian)經(jing)吉林省(sheng)人民政府(fu)批(pi)復建立省(sheng)級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區，2002年(nian)經(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)國國務院(yuan)批(pi)復成立了天佛指山(shan)國家級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區。是中(zhong)(zhong)國第一個(ge)珍貴食用菌類的自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區。

保護區類型

屬自然生態(tai)系(xi)統類(lei)型與野(ye)生生物類(lei)型。

保護對象

北溫帶森林系(xi)統中特(te)有的赤松—蒙古(gu)櫟森林生態系(xi)統。

地理位置

天佛指山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護區位(wei)于(yu)吉(ji)林(lin)省東南部，延邊朝(chao)鮮族自(zi)治州龍(long)(long)井市(shi)境(jing)內，距(ju)龍(long)(long)井市(shi)10。2公里(li)。

地理坐標

東經129°16′～129°46′，北緯42°23′～42°41′。

保護區范圍

保(bao)護區東部(bu)(bu)和南部(bu)(bu)與(yu)朝(chao)鮮隔(ge)江相望(wang)，北部(bu)(bu)與(yu)龍(long)井(jing)市的德新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、光新(xin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、開山屯鎮(zhen)相接，西部(bu)(bu)與(yu)和龍(long)市毗鄰。行政(zheng)范圍包括龍(long)井(jing)市五個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)，總面(mian)(mian)積77317公頃，松茸生長(chang)分布區面(mian)(mian)積32000公頃。

保護區面積

總面積(ji)77317公頃，其中核心(xin)區(qu)17577公頃，緩(huan)沖(chong)區(qu)10998公頃，實驗區(qu)48742公頃。

簡介

天(tian)佛指山(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)省延邊朝鮮(xian)族自治(zhi)州龍(long)(long)井(jing)市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)域內，距龍(long)(long)井(jing)市(shi)(shi)10.2公里，東部和南部與朝鮮(xian)隔江相望，北部與龍(long)(long)井(jing)市(shi)(shi)德新鄉(xiang)、光新鄉(xiang)、開(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屯鎮相連，西部與和龍(long)(long)市(shi)(shi)毗鄰。包括龍(long)(long)井(jing)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)白金鄉(xiang)、三合(he)鎮、智新鎮和光新鄉(xiang)、開(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屯鎮的(de)(de)一部分(fen)。總(zong)面積(ji)77 317公頃(qing)，其(qi)中核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)17 577公頃(qing)，緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)10 998公頃(qing)，實驗區(qu)(qu)48 742公頃(qing)。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業用地74 733公頃(qing)，總(zong)蓄積(ji)量448.3萬立方米(mi)。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)溫(wen)帶大陸性半濕潤季風(feng)氣候(hou)，年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)5.2℃，年降水量550～700毫米(mi)，無霜期120天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)屬長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈，海(hai)拔(ba)170～1 331米(mi)。土壤(rang)母質為(wei)(wei)花崗(gang)巖、沙巖、頁巖風(feng)化(hua)物。土壤(rang)類型(xing)主要為(wei)(wei)薄層酸性巖森林(lin)(lin)(lin)灰棕壤(rang)，還(huan)有暗棕壤(rang)、草甸土、白漿土等，是天(tian)然松(song)茸和赤松(song)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生長的(de)(de)棲(qi)息(xi)地。

吉林天佛指山國家級自然保護區地處龍井市境內，東南部與朝鮮隔圖們江相望，邊境線長132公里。該區以保護松茸為主，天佛指山主，還有(you)野豬、狍子、黑熊、山兔、松雞、啄木鳥、云雀、赤松、水曲柳等珍貴動(dong)植物。

松(song)茸(rong)具有很高的食(shi)用價值(zhi)和醫療保(bao)健價值(zhi)，營養豐富，是天(tian)然綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品。特別是龍井天(tian)佛(fo)指山(shan)生長(chang)的松(song)茸(rong)，以其個(ge)頭大、肉質(zhi)細、色(se)澤好、味道香、質(zhi)地(di)優良而居中國(guo)松(song)茸(rong)之(zhi)首。日本、韓(han)國(guo)有關(guan)專(zhuan)家普遍(bian)認(ren)為，龍井天(tian)佛(fo)指山(shan)的松(song)茸(rong)質(zhi)量最佳(jia)，是在日本、韓(han)國(guo)市場(chang)唯一(yi)高價收購的松(song)茸(rong)。自1980年開始往日本、韓(han)國(guo)出口松(song)茸(rong)以來，即為中國(guo)創(chuang)造了大量外匯，又(you)為當地(di)農民開辟了一(yi)條(tiao)致(zhi)富之(zhi)路。

在保(bao)護區內，有美(mei)麗的(de)自然(ran)景觀，傳統的(de)朝鮮族(zu)民(min)居和奇異的(de)邊境(jing)風光，吸引了大批中外游客(ke)。

自然狀況

地質地貌

天佛(fo)指(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)保護區(qu)(qu)地(di)處長白山(shan)(shan)脈東麓(lu)，海(hai)拔高度為170-1331米(mi)(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)高谷(gu)深、坡度陡峭。區(qu)(qu)內最高的三個山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)是昆(kun)石(shi)列山(shan)(shan)、天佛(fo)指(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)、老龍八山(shan)(shan)，其(qi)海(hai)拔高分(fen)(fen)別為1331米(mi)(mi)(mi)、1226米(mi)(mi)(mi)和1107米(mi)(mi)(mi)。東北、西南走向的大脈山(shan)(shan)、天佛(fo)指(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)、昆(kun)石(shi)列山(shan)(shan)、老龍八山(shan)(shan)、郭將(jiang)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)線(xian)是該(gai)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)水嶺(ling)。分(fen)(fen)水嶺(ling)北側有四條大型溝(gou)(gou)壑(he)，南側有三條大型溝(gou)(gou)壑(he)，峰(feng)頂谷(gu)底高差大，海(hai)拔高度700米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上。雄偉壯觀、巖石(shi)怪異，構成了本(ben)區(qu)(qu)獨特的地(di)貌景觀。

氣候

本區屬(shu)于溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性半濕潤季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候。其特(te)點春(chun)季(ji)(ji)干旱多風(feng)，夏季(ji)(ji) 溫熱多雨(yu)，秋季(ji)(ji)天高氣(qi)爽(shuang)，冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷少雪。無霜期120天左右，年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫5。2C，極端最低溫度-34。8℃，極端最高氣(qi)溫36。5℃。海(hai)拔500米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右地帶有(you)效(xiao)積溫為(wei)(wei)2400℃-2600℃；海(hai)拔800米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右地帶，有(you)效(xiao)積溫為(wei)(wei)1800℃—2000℃；海(hai)拔1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右地帶，有(you)效(xiao)積溫為(wei)(wei)1400℃—1600℃，年(nian)降水量(liang)550毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)—700毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，多集中在(zai)6-9月，占(zhan)全年(nian)降水量(liang)的60%。且呈現出雨(yu)、光、熱同季(ji)(ji)特(te)征，主導(dao)風(feng)向春(chun)季(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)東南風(feng)，最大(da)風(feng)速4。75米(mi)(mi)(mi)/s，秋冬為(wei)(wei)西北風(feng)最大(da)風(feng)速7。56米(mi)(mi)(mi)/s，年(nian)平均封凍日150天，平均冰厚0。6—0。8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。

土壤

本區(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)母質為花崗(gang)巖、沙巖、頁巖風化物。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)酸性(xing)巖森(sen)林(lin)(lin)灰棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)，此外還有暗棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)、白漿(jiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沖積土(tu)(tu)(tu)等，這些土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中酸性(xing)巖森(sen)林(lin)(lin)灰棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)透水性(xing)好，PH值為5。0左右，偏(pian)酸性(xing)是(shi)赤松(song)林(lin)(lin)生長的最佳(jia)條(tiao)件，因此也是(shi)松(song)茸主(zhu)要(yao)蘊藏(zang)帶。

河流湖泊

本區水力資源十分豐富(fu)，屬圖(tu)們江水系(xi)，發(fa)源于長白(bai)(bai)山主峰(feng)將軍峰(feng)之東麓，自和(he)龍市(shi)流(liu)入貫穿(chuan)保護(hu)區境內(nei)110公(gong)里。經白(bai)(bai)金、富(fu)裕、三合出境，流(liu)域面(mian)積達1650公(gong)頃，區內(nei)水系(xi)呈樹狀分布，構成較密的水網(wang)，流(liu)程(cheng)5公(gong)里以上的河流(liu)有29條。主要支流(liu)有山溪溝(gou)(gou)、大東溝(gou)(gou)、下(xia)馬來溝(gou)(gou)、西來和(he)安民(min)臺溝(gou)(gou)，全(quan)部流(liu)入圖(tu)們江。近200條小溝(gou)(gou)屬季節性河流(liu)，除(chu)春(chun)和(he)夏(xia)訊外，一般呈斷流(liu)狀態。

海(hai)蘭(lan)河(he)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)區內(nei)(nei)勇新(xin)溝、樺(hua)田溝、遠東溝、六道(dao)河(he)水(shui)(shui)全部流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)海(hai)蘭(lan)河(he)，集水(shui)(shui)面積達(da)164平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。保護區內(nei)(nei)有2座(zuo)水(shui)(shui)庫，其(qi)中(zhong)大新(xin)水(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)為(wei)海(hai)蘭(lan)河(he)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)，地表(biao)水(shui)(shui)比較豐(feng)富，水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)為(wei)10877。5立方(fang)米，一部分來自天然降水(shui)(shui)的占(zhan)40%，其(qi)凈(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)為(wei)10831。4萬平(ping)方(fang)米，地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)多以(yi)花崗(gang)巖網狀裂隙(xi)水(shui)(shui)為(wei)主，從(cong)泄(xie)流(liu)(liu)(liu)泉形成排泄(xie)于(yu)溝谷，地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)為(wei)5萬噸/年(nian)平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)，資源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)為(wei)385175萬平(ping)方(fang)米。

資源

植被資源

天佛指山(shan)(shan)天佛指山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)植(zhi)(zhi)被屬典(dian)型的(de)長白山(shan)(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系，海拔(ba)高度相(xiang)差(cha)懸殊(shu)，具(ju)明顯的(de)垂直分(fen)(fen)布特征(zheng)。按(an)海拔(ba)高度可分(fen)(fen)為四個(ge)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)型，即山(shan)(shan)頂岳樺、白樺林(lin)+亞(ya)(ya)高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)型區(qu)(qu)(qu)；海拔(ba)1000-1331米(mi)(mi)之間，魚鱗(lin)云杉、臭冷杉針闊混交林(lin)+亞(ya)(ya)高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)型區(qu)(qu)(qu)；海拔(ba)500-1000米(mi)(mi)之間，紅(hong)松、赤松、臭冷杉針葉闊混交林(lin)+草(cao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)型區(qu)(qu)(qu)；海拔(ba)500米(mi)(mi)以下的(de)低(di)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，赤松、蒙古櫟+草(cao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)型區(qu)(qu)(qu)。據東北師本(ben)(ben)(ben)環科(ke)學院調查(cha)，此區(qu)(qu)(qu)域內植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源十分(fen)(fen)豐富，約近千種，其中(zhong)：真(zhen)菌門4科(ke)76種，蕨類(lei)15科(ke)47種，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)門2科(ke)18種，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)門75科(ke)412種。

按用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)分類，藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物72科289種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物39科216種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蜜(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物38科185種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，工(gong)業原料植(zhi)(zhi)物40科17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，香料植(zhi)(zhi)物28科75種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；染料植(zhi)(zhi)物10科22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)物32科54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)喬木20多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。主(zhu)要(yao)針葉(xie)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)赤(chi)松(song)、沙松(song)、臭松(song)、魚鱗松(song)、紅松(song)等(deng)(deng)(deng)；闊葉(xie)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)胡(hu)桃楸、黃(huang)蘋蘿、水曲(qu)柳、楊、樺、椴、槭(qi)、柞等(deng)(deng)(deng)；主(zhu)要(yao)藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)黨參(can)(can)、黃(huang)芪、五味子、刺五加、東北雷公藤、細(xi)辛、桔(jie)梗(geng)、苦參(can)(can)、獼(mi)猴(hou)桃等(deng)(deng)(deng)；主(zhu)要(yao)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)松(song)茸、木耳、蕨菜、榛蘑、龍芽(ya)蔥木、山(shan)芹、猴(hou)頭等(deng)(deng)(deng)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家(jia)級瀕(bin)危(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物，即松(song)茸、紅松(song)、野(ye)生參(can)(can)、胡(hu)桃楸、野(ye)大豆、紫椴仃(ding)、水曲(qu)柳和黃(huang)檗。

松(song)茸(rong)具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)價值和(he)(he)醫(yi)療保健(jian)價值，營(ying)養豐富。松(song)茸(rong)還(huan)具有強(qiang)身(shen)、驅(qu)蟲、止痛及(ji)理氣化痰等功能和(he)(he)抗癌作用(yong)。保護(hu)區成立后，制定了(le)一系列長、短期規(gui)劃和(he)(he)具體措施，對松(song)茸(rong)資源進行(xing)了(le)統一管理，對松(song)茸(rong)生長地實行(xing)了(le)承包經營(ying)與規(gui)范化管理。使(shi)森林(lin)生態、資源得到了(le)恢復和(he)(he)發展，松(song)茸(rong)質量、數量有了(le)明顯(xian)提高(gao)，為松(song)茸(rong)的(de)(de)保護(hu)、科研、開發和(he)(he)利用(yong)創(chuang)造了(le)良好的(de)(de)條件(jian)。

森林資源

保護區(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)77317公(gong)頃，主要針葉(xie)樹種為赤松(song)(song)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)植被是以赤松(song)(song)為主的針闊混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)。其(qi)中(zhong)：有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)68218公(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的88。3%；疏林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1309公(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的1。7%；灌(guan)木林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)3411公(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的4。4%；未成(cheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1003公(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的1。3%；草地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、采(cai)伐跡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼澤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)無(wu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3376公(gong)頃， 占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的4。3%。本區(qu)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率88。3%。活立(li)木總(zong)(zong)(zong)蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)448。33萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。其(qi)中(zhong)：有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)446。2萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，疏林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)2。1萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，散(san)生(sheng)木蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)0。037立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)，天然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)所占(zhan)(zhan)比重較大，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)59569公(gong)頃，蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)401。9萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)和(he)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)的87。3%和(he)90。1%；其(qi)次是人工林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)8649公(gong)頃，蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)43。4萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)和(he)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄(xu)(xu)積(ji)的12。7%和(he)9。9%。

野生動物資源

天佛指山自然(ran)保護(hu)區風景秀麗、人煙稀少、村屯分(fen)散、水草茂密，野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)資(zi)源豐(feng)富。其中(zhong)，鳥類(lei)種群已(yi)記錄(lu)到(dao)14目36科59屬91種；動(dong)物(wu)有5目10科15種；爬行類(lei)2科10種；兩(liang)棲類(lei)類(lei)6科10種；魚(yu)類(lei)8目13科近38種。保護(hu)區內有中(zhong)國國家(jia)重點保護(hu)I級野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)1種，即(ji)紫貂；中(zhong)國國家(jia)重點保護(hu)Ⅱ級野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)12種，即(ji)黑熊、猞猁、鴛鴦(yang)、燕隼、紅(hong)腳(jiao)隼、紅(hong)隼、花尾榛雞、長(chang)尾林鶚(e)、短耳鶚(e)、鶚(e)、鳶、鵲鷂等；珍稀魚(yu)類(lei)有大(da)麻哈魚(yu)、斑頭魚(yu)、日(ri)本七鰣鰻3種。

該(gai)區水(shui)系發達(da)，呈樹冠狀分布(bu)，水(shui)網密集(ji)。該(gai)區內植(zhi)物(wu)資源416種84科；鳥類(lei)種群較多，有89種36科；爬行類(lei)、兩棲類(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)12種。該(gai)區珍稀瀕危(wei)物(wu)種豐富，有中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)野山參，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)松茸、紅松、紫椴、胡桃楸、野大豆、水(shui)曲柳和黃檗；中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)紫貂，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)黑熊、猞猁、鴛鴦、燕隼、紅腳隼、花尾榛雞等。

開發保護

隨(sui)著日(ri)本(ben)、韓國市場(chang)對(dui)松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)需求量的(de)增大，高(gao)價(jia)位的(de)松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)引來了無(wu)數(shu)采(cai)挖者，松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)主產(chan)(chan)地(di)天佛指山林區(qu)隨(sui)之(zhi)遭(zao)到(dao)重(zhong)創(chuang)，各種毀滅式采(cai)掘松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)的(de)手段致使林區(qu)破壞，松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)資源瀕臨滅絕(jue)。松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)年產(chan)(chan)量由20世紀(ji)80年代的(de)100余噸銳減(jian)到(dao)1995年的(de)十幾(ji)噸。

1996年，吉林(lin)省建立(li)龍(long)井天佛指山(shan)松(song)茸(rong)自然保(bao)護區，成立(li)保(bao)護區管理局。由于松(song)茸(rong)成體“壽命”短，從破土而出到腐爛只(zhi)有十幾天的時(shi)間(jian)，若不及時(shi)采(cai)集(ji)，就(jiu)會(hui)白白浪費資源；加(jia)上當地朝鮮族群眾素來(lai)有上山(shan)采(cai)集(ji)松(song)茸(rong)的習(xi)慣，處理好松(song)茸(rong)保(bao)護與利(li)用的關(guan)系必須采(cai)取(qu)針對性強的措施。

1997年，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局(ju)在(zai)核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)外區(qu)(qu)(qu)域推行承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)，將松(song)茸生長地劃(hua)塊承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)給居住在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)合同對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)、責(ze)(ze)任(ren)和(he)義(yi)(yi)務做(zuo)了(le)明確(que)規定：承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)需(xu)繳(jiao)納承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)費用，享有(you)在(zai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)地塊采集(ji)松(song)茸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)，并承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)防火(huo)、林(lin)地保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)(yi)務。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局(ju)負責(ze)(ze)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)地塊巡護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)，同時向承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)提(ti)供技(ji)術咨詢(xun)和(he)政(zheng)策服務，對違規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局(ju)可取消其承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)權。合同承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)期限為10——15年，充分(fen)調動了(le)方(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性，使松(song)茸資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與開發(fa)工(gong)作(zuo)發(fa)生了(le)深(shen)刻變化(hua)。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)后農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟利(li)益與林(lin)地安危休戚相關(guan)，如(ru)今一有(you)森林(lin)火(huo)情，農(nong)民(min)主動上山協同林(lin)業部(bu)門撲(pu)滅火(huo)災。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)得到了(le)地方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大力支持(chi)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)將75%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)費交(jiao)給地方(fang)(fang)政(zheng)府，增加了(le)財政(zheng)收(shou)入(ru)。松(song)茸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)序收(shou)購又為當(dang)地培(pei)植(zhi)涵(han)養了(le)稅源(yuan)。一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)從承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)中(zhong)獲得了(le)可觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)益，這筆(bi)經費既解(jie)決了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理費用短缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾，又為松(song)茸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馴化(hua)栽培(pei)研(yan)究、推廣科研(yan)成果提(ti)供了(le)資金保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障。另一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，通過推行承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)成功(gong)地將過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)破壞者變成了(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內管(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同盟軍，無形中(zhong)壯大了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理隊(dui)伍(wu)。

由于(yu)采取行(xing)之有效(xiao)的管理(li)措施，使松茸(rong)(rong)的保(bao)護(hu)與利用工作走上了良性發展軌道，并獲得了明顯的生態效(xiao)益和(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益，保(bao)護(hu)區的松茸(rong)(rong)年產量已(yi)經(jing)達到30余噸(dun)。