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基本信息

成立時間

1996年經吉(ji)林省人(ren)民政府(fu)批復(fu)建立省級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，2002年經中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院批復(fu)成立了(le)天佛指山國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)。是中國(guo)(guo)第一個(ge)珍貴食用(yong)菌類(lei)的自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)。

保護區類型

屬自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統類(lei)型與(yu)野生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物類(lei)型。

保護對象

北溫帶森林系(xi)統中特有的(de)赤(chi)松(song)—蒙(meng)古(gu)櫟森林生態(tai)系(xi)統。

地理位置

天佛指山國家(jia)級自然保護區位于吉林省東南部，延邊朝鮮族(zu)自治(zhi)州(zhou)龍井市(shi)境內，距龍井市(shi)10。2公里。

地理坐標

東經129°16′～129°46′，北緯42°23′～42°41′。

保護區范圍

保護區(qu)東部和南部與(yu)(yu)朝鮮隔江相(xiang)(xiang)望，北部與(yu)(yu)龍(long)井市的德新(xin)(xin)鄉(xiang)、光(guang)新(xin)(xin)鄉(xiang)、開山(shan)屯鎮相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)，西部與(yu)(yu)和龍(long)市毗鄰。行政范(fan)圍包(bao)括龍(long)井市五個鄉(xiang)鎮，總面積(ji)77317公頃，松茸生長(chang)分布區(qu)面積(ji)32000公頃。

保護區面積

總(zong)面積77317公頃，其中核心區(qu)(qu)17577公頃，緩沖區(qu)(qu)10998公頃，實驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)48742公頃。

簡介

天(tian)佛指(zhi)山(shan)自然(ran)保護區保護區位于(yu)吉林省延(yan)邊(bian)朝(chao)鮮族自治州龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)區域內，距龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)10.2公(gong)里，東部(bu)(bu)和(he)南部(bu)(bu)與(yu)朝(chao)鮮隔江相望(wang)，北部(bu)(bu)與(yu)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)新(xin)鄉、光新(xin)鄉、開山(shan)屯(tun)鎮(zhen)相連，西部(bu)(bu)與(yu)和(he)龍(long)(long)市(shi)(shi)(shi)毗鄰。包括龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)白(bai)金(jin)鄉、三合鎮(zhen)、智(zhi)新(xin)鎮(zhen)和(he)光新(xin)鄉、開山(shan)屯(tun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)一部(bu)(bu)分。總面積77 317公(gong)頃(qing)，其中核心區17 577公(gong)頃(qing)，緩沖區10 998公(gong)頃(qing)，實驗區48 742公(gong)頃(qing)。該(gai)區林業用地(di)74 733公(gong)頃(qing)，總蓄積量448.3萬立方米。該(gai)區為(wei)溫(wen)帶大陸性半濕潤(run)季風氣候，年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)5.2℃，年降水(shui)量550～700毫(hao)米，無(wu)霜(shuang)期120天(tian)左右。該(gai)區屬長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)山(shan)脈，海拔(ba)170～1 331米。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)母質為(wei)花崗巖、沙巖、頁(ye)巖風化物。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型主要為(wei)薄層酸性巖森林灰棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)，還有暗棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、草甸(dian)土(tu)、白(bai)漿(jiang)土(tu)等，是天(tian)然(ran)松茸和(he)赤松林生長(chang)的(de)(de)棲息(xi)地(di)。

吉林天佛指山國家級自然保護區地處龍井市境內，東南部與朝鮮隔圖們江相望，邊境線長132公里。該區以保護松茸為主，天(tian)佛指山(shan)主，還有(you)野豬(zhu)、狍子、黑(hei)熊、山(shan)兔、松雞(ji)、啄(zhuo)木鳥、云雀、赤松、水曲柳等(deng)珍貴(gui)動(dong)植物(wu)。

松(song)(song)茸(rong)具有(you)很高的(de)食(shi)用價值和醫療保健價值，營(ying)養豐富，是(shi)(shi)天(tian)然(ran)綠色食(shi)品。特別是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)井天(tian)佛(fo)指(zhi)山(shan)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)松(song)(song)茸(rong)，以其個頭(tou)大、肉質(zhi)(zhi)細、色澤好(hao)、味道(dao)香、質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)優良而(er)居中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)松(song)(song)茸(rong)之首。日(ri)本(ben)、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)關專家普遍認為(wei)(wei)，龍(long)(long)井天(tian)佛(fo)指(zhi)山(shan)的(de)松(song)(song)茸(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)量最佳，是(shi)(shi)在日(ri)本(ben)、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)市(shi)場唯一高價收購的(de)松(song)(song)茸(rong)。自1980年開(kai)始往日(ri)本(ben)、韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)出口松(song)(song)茸(rong)以來，即為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)創造了大量外匯，又為(wei)(wei)當地(di)農民開(kai)辟了一條致(zhi)富之路。

在保護(hu)區內，有美麗的(de)自然景觀(guan)，傳統的(de)朝鮮族(zu)民居和奇異的(de)邊境風光(guang)，吸(xi)引(yin)了大(da)批中外游客(ke)。

自然狀況

地質地貌

天佛指山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)保護區地處(chu)長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)東麓，海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)為170-1331米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)谷深、坡度(du)陡(dou)峭。區內(nei)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)三個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰是昆石列(lie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、天佛指山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、老龍八山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，其海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)分別為1331米(mi)(mi)、1226米(mi)(mi)和(he)1107米(mi)(mi)。東北(bei)、西南走向(xiang)的(de)(de)大(da)脈(mo)(mo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、天佛指山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、昆石列(lie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、老龍八山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、郭將(jiang)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一線(xian)是該區分水(shui)嶺。分水(shui)嶺北(bei)側(ce)(ce)有四條(tiao)大(da)型(xing)溝壑(he)，南側(ce)(ce)有三條(tiao)大(da)型(xing)溝壑(he)，峰頂谷底高(gao)(gao)差大(da)，海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)700米(mi)(mi)以上(shang)。雄偉壯觀、巖石怪(guai)異(yi)，構成了本區獨特(te)的(de)(de)地貌(mao)景(jing)觀。

氣候

本區屬于溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)陸性半濕潤季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候。其特(te)點春季(ji)(ji)干旱多風(feng)，夏季(ji)(ji) 溫(wen)(wen)熱多雨(yu)，秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)天高氣爽(shuang)，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷少雪。無霜期120天左右，年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)5。2C，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)-34。8℃，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)36。5℃。海拔(ba)500米左右地(di)帶有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)2400℃-2600℃；海拔(ba)800米左右地(di)帶，有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)1800℃—2000℃；海拔(ba)1100米左右地(di)帶，有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)1400℃—1600℃，年降水量(liang)550毫米—700毫米，多集中在6-9月，占(zhan)全年降水量(liang)的(de)60%。且(qie)呈現出雨(yu)、光、熱同季(ji)(ji)特(te)征，主導(dao)風(feng)向春季(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)南風(feng)，最(zui)(zui)大(da)風(feng)速4。75米/s，秋(qiu)冬(dong)為(wei)(wei)西北風(feng)最(zui)(zui)大(da)風(feng)速7。56米/s，年平均(jun)封凍日150天，平均(jun)冰(bing)厚0。6—0。8米。

土壤

本區(qu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)母(mu)質為花崗巖(yan)(yan)、沙巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)風化(hua)物(wu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)主要(yao)是酸(suan)性巖(yan)(yan)森(sen)林(lin)灰棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)，此外還有(you)暗棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、白漿土(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)、沼澤土(tu)(tu)、泥炭土(tu)(tu)、沖積土(tu)(tu)等，這些(xie)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中酸(suan)性巖(yan)(yan)森(sen)林(lin)灰棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)透(tou)水性好(hao)，PH值為5。0左右，偏酸(suan)性是赤松林(lin)生(sheng)長(chang)的最佳條(tiao)件，因(yin)此也是松茸主要(yao)蘊藏帶。

河流湖泊

本(ben)區(qu)水(shui)力資源(yuan)十分(fen)豐(feng)富，屬圖們江水(shui)系(xi)，發(fa)源(yuan)于長白山主(zhu)峰(feng)將軍(jun)峰(feng)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)麓(lu)，自和龍市流(liu)入貫穿保護區(qu)境內(nei)110公(gong)里。經白金、富裕、三合出境，流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)達1650公(gong)頃(qing)，區(qu)內(nei)水(shui)系(xi)呈樹狀分(fen)布，構(gou)成較密的水(shui)網，流(liu)程5公(gong)里以上的河流(liu)有29條。主(zhu)要支流(liu)有山溪溝(gou)(gou)、大東(dong)(dong)溝(gou)(gou)、下馬來(lai)溝(gou)(gou)、西來(lai)和安民臺溝(gou)(gou)，全部(bu)流(liu)入圖們江。近200條小溝(gou)(gou)屬季節性河流(liu)，除春和夏訊外，一般呈斷流(liu)狀態(tai)。

海蘭(lan)河(he)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)區(qu)內勇新(xin)(xin)溝、樺田溝、遠東溝、六道河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)全部(bu)(bu)流(liu)(liu)入海蘭(lan)河(he)，集水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積達164平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里。保護區(qu)內有2座水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，其(qi)中大新(xin)(xin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)源為(wei)(wei)海蘭(lan)河(he)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)，地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)比較豐富，水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量為(wei)(wei)10877。5立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，一部(bu)(bu)分來自天然降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的占40%，其(qi)凈流(liu)(liu)總量為(wei)(wei)10831。4萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)多以花崗(gang)巖(yan)網狀裂隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)主，從(cong)泄流(liu)(liu)泉形成排泄于溝谷，地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)量為(wei)(wei)5萬(wan)噸/年(nian)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里，資(zi)源總量為(wei)(wei)385175萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。

資源

植被資源

天佛指山(shan)(shan)(shan)天佛指山(shan)(shan)(shan)自然植(zhi)(zhi)被屬(shu)典型(xing)的長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系(xi)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高度相(xiang)差(cha)懸(xuan)殊，具明顯的垂直分(fen)布特征。按(an)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高度可(ke)分(fen)為四個野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型(xing)，即山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)岳(yue)樺、白樺林(lin)+亞(ya)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)；海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)1000-1331米之間，魚鱗(lin)云杉、臭冷杉針闊混交(jiao)林(lin)+亞(ya)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)；海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)500-1000米之間，紅松、赤松、臭冷杉針葉(xie)闊混交(jiao)林(lin)+草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)；海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)500米以下的低山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)，赤松、蒙(meng)古櫟+草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)。據(ju)東北師本(ben)環科學(xue)院調查，此區(qu)域內植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源十分(fen)豐富(fu)，約近千種(zhong)，其中：真菌門4科76種(zhong)，蕨類(lei)15科47種(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)門2科18種(zhong)，被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)門75科412種(zhong)。

按用途分(fen)類(lei)，藥用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)72科289種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，食用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)39科216種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蜜源植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)38科185種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，工(gong)業原(yuan)料(liao)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)40科17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，香料(liao)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)28科75種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；染料(liao)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)10科22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，觀(guan)賞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)32科54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)筑用喬木20多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。主要針葉樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)赤松(song)、沙松(song)、臭松(song)、魚鱗松(song)、紅(hong)松(song)等；闊葉樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)胡桃楸(qiu)、黃(huang)蘋蘿、水(shui)曲柳、楊、樺、椴、槭、柞等；主要藥用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)黨參(can)(can)、黃(huang)芪、五味子(zi)、刺五加、東(dong)北雷(lei)公藤、細辛、桔(jie)梗(geng)、苦參(can)(can)、獼猴桃等；主要食用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)松(song)茸、木耳(er)、蕨菜、榛蘑(mo)、龍芽蔥木、山芹、猴頭等。保護區內有(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家級瀕危保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，即松(song)茸、紅(hong)松(song)、野生參(can)(can)、胡桃楸(qiu)、野大豆、紫椴仃、水(shui)曲柳和(he)黃(huang)檗。

松(song)(song)茸(rong)具(ju)有(you)很高(gao)(gao)的食用價值(zhi)和醫療保(bao)健(jian)價值(zhi)，營養豐富。松(song)(song)茸(rong)還(huan)具(ju)有(you)強(qiang)身、驅蟲、止(zhi)痛(tong)及理氣(qi)化痰等功能和抗癌作用。保(bao)護(hu)區成立(li)后，制定了(le)一(yi)系列長、短期規劃和具(ju)體措施，對松(song)(song)茸(rong)資源進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)統一(yi)管(guan)理，對松(song)(song)茸(rong)生(sheng)長地(di)實行(xing)(xing)了(le)承包經(jing)營與規范化管(guan)理。使(shi)森林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)、資源得到了(le)恢復和發(fa)展(zhan)，松(song)(song)茸(rong)質量(liang)、數量(liang)有(you)了(le)明顯提(ti)高(gao)(gao)，為松(song)(song)茸(rong)的保(bao)護(hu)、科研、開發(fa)和利(li)用創造了(le)良好的條件(jian)。

森林資源

保護區總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)77317公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主要針葉樹種為(wei)赤松，地(di)(di)帶(dai)性森林(lin)(lin)(lin)植被是以赤松為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)針闊混(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。其(qi)中：有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)68218公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)88。3%；疏林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1309公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)1。7%；灌木林(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3411公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)4。4%；未成林(lin)(lin)(lin)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)1003公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)1。3%；草(cao)地(di)(di)、采伐跡地(di)(di)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)地(di)(di)等無林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)3376公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)， 占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)4。3%。本區森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)88。3%。活立木總(zong)(zong)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)448。33萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)中：有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)446。2萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，疏林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2。1萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，散生木蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)0。037立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)中，天然林(lin)(lin)(lin)所占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比重較大，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)59569公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)401。9萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)87。3%和90。1%；其(qi)次是人(ren)工林(lin)(lin)(lin)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)8649公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)43。4萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12。7%和9。9%。

野生動物資源

天佛指山自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)風景秀麗、人煙稀少、村屯分散、水草茂(mao)密，野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)群已(yi)記錄到14目(mu)(mu)36科(ke)(ke)(ke)59屬91種(zhong)；動物(wu)有5目(mu)(mu)10科(ke)(ke)(ke)15種(zhong)；爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)；兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)類(lei)(lei)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)；魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)8目(mu)(mu)13科(ke)(ke)(ke)近38種(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內有中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)I級野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)1種(zhong)，即紫貂；中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)Ⅱ級野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)12種(zhong)，即黑熊、猞猁、鴛鴦、燕(yan)隼、紅(hong)腳隼、紅(hong)隼、花尾榛雞、長尾林(lin)鶚(e)、短耳鶚(e)、鶚(e)、鳶、鵲鷂(yao)等(deng)；珍稀魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)有大麻(ma)哈魚(yu)、斑頭魚(yu)、日本七鰣鰻3種(zhong)。

該區(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系發達，呈樹冠狀分布，水(shui)(shui)(shui)網(wang)密集。該區(qu)內植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源416種(zhong)84科；鳥類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)群較多，有89種(zhong)36科；爬行類(lei)(lei)、兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)。該區(qu)珍稀瀕危(wei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)豐富，有中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)野山(shan)參(can)，中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)松茸、紅(hong)松、紫(zi)椴、胡桃楸、野大豆、水(shui)(shui)(shui)曲柳和黃檗；中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紫(zi)貂(diao)，中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)黑熊、猞(she)猁、鴛鴦(yang)、燕隼、紅(hong)腳隼、花尾榛雞等。

開發保護

隨(sui)著日本(ben)、韓(han)國市場對松茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)需求量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)大，高價位的(de)松茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)引來(lai)了無(wu)數采挖者，松茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)主產地天佛指(zhi)山(shan)林(lin)區隨(sui)之遭到(dao)重創，各種毀(hui)滅式(shi)采掘松茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)手(shou)段致使(shi)林(lin)區破壞，松茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資源瀕臨滅絕。松茸(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)年產量(liang)由20世(shi)紀80年代的(de)100余噸銳(rui)減到(dao)1995年的(de)十幾噸。

1996年(nian)，吉林省建(jian)立(li)龍井天佛(fo)指山松(song)茸自然保護區(qu)，成(cheng)立(li)保護區(qu)管理局。由于松(song)茸成(cheng)體(ti)“壽(shou)命”短，從破(po)土而出到(dao)腐爛只(zhi)有十幾天的(de)(de)時間(jian)，若不及時采(cai)集，就會白白浪費資源；加上當地朝鮮族群眾素來有上山采(cai)集松(song)茸的(de)(de)習慣，處理好(hao)松(song)茸保護與利用的(de)(de)關(guan)系必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)取針對性強的(de)(de)措(cuo)施。

1997年，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局在(zai)核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)外(wai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域推行承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制，將松茸生(sheng)長地(di)劃塊(kuai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)給居住在(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)同(tong)對保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)、責(ze)任(ren)(ren)和(he)義(yi)務(wu)做了(le)明確規(gui)定：承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)需繳納承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)用，享有在(zai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)塊(kuai)采集(ji)松茸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)，并承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)防火、林(lin)(lin)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)務(wu)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局負責(ze)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)地(di)塊(kuai)巡(xun)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，同(tong)時(shi)向承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)提供技(ji)術咨詢(xun)和(he)政策服務(wu)，對違規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局可取消(xiao)其承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)權。合(he)同(tong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)期限為(wei)10——15年，充分調動了(le)方(fang)方(fang)面面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性，使松茸資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)(yu)開(kai)發(fa)工(gong)作發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)深刻變(bian)化。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)后農(nong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟利(li)益與(yu)(yu)林(lin)(lin)地(di)安危休戚相關，如今(jin)一有森林(lin)(lin)火情，農(nong)民主動上山協(xie)同(tong)林(lin)(lin)業部門撲(pu)滅火災。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作得到了(le)地(di)方(fang)政府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大力(li)支持。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)將75%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費(fei)(fei)交(jiao)給地(di)方(fang)政府，增加了(le)財政收(shou)入(ru)。松茸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有序收(shou)購又為(wei)當地(di)培植涵(han)養(yang)了(le)稅源(yuan)。一方(fang)面，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)從承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制中獲得了(le)可觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)益，這筆經(jing)費(fei)(fei)既解決了(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理費(fei)(fei)用短缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾，又為(wei)松茸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馴化栽(zai)培研究、推廣科研成(cheng)(cheng)果提供了(le)資(zi)金保(bao)(bao)障。另一方(fang)面，通過推行承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)功地(di)將過去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)破壞者變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)管(guan)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)盟軍，無(wu)形中壯大了(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理隊伍。

由于(yu)采取行(xing)之(zhi)有效的管(guan)理(li)措施，使松(song)茸(rong)的保(bao)護(hu)與利用工作走(zou)上了良性發展軌道，并獲得了明顯(xian)的生態(tai)效益(yi)和(he)經濟效益(yi)，保(bao)護(hu)區的松(song)茸(rong)年(nian)產(chan)量已經達(da)到30余噸。