芒果视频下载

歷史沿革

2000年，內(nei)蒙古(gu)（呼和(he)浩(hao)(hao)特）大青山(shan)自(zi)然保護區管理局依據《呼和(he)浩(hao)(hao)特市(shi)人民(min)政府(fu)第(di)58次常委(wei)會議紀(ji)要》（常務會議〔2000〕13號(hao)），并經呼和(he)浩(hao)(hao)特市(shi)編委(wei)批復而成立。

2008年1月經國(guo)務院批準晉升(sheng)為國(guo)家級自然保護區。

地理環境

位置

大青山自然保護區在東經(jing)109°47′—112°17′，北(bei)緯40°34′—41°14′之間。

地貌

大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)然保(bao)護區屬陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)主體。西至(zhi)(zhi)包頭(tou)昆都(dou)倫(lun)河(he)，東至(zhi)(zhi)呼和浩特大(da)(da)黑河(he)上游谷地。東西長240多(duo)(duo)公里(li)，南北(bei)寬20～60公里(li)，海拔(ba)1800～2000米，主峰(feng)大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海拔(ba)2338米。巖(yan)石主要由太古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)、元古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)片麻巖(yan)、大(da)(da)理巖(yan)、石英巖(yan)和古(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)代(dai)、中生(sheng)代(dai)的(de)(de)砂頁(ye)巖(yan)、礫(li)巖(yan)所(suo)組成(cheng)。大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南北(bei)坡明顯不對稱，北(bei)坡平(ping)緩，剝蝕殘(can)余(yu)的(de)(de)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵和盆(pen)地交錯分布，逐漸與內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)高原(yuan)連在一(yi)起；南坡陡峭(qiao)，為明顯的(de)(de)構造斷(duan)塊地形(xing)，斷(duan)層崖(ya)被(bei)侵(qin)蝕切割，形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)系列斷(duan)裂三角面，形(xing)勢險(xian)峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)分布有(you)侵(qin)蝕殘(can)余(yu)的(de)(de)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和眾多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝(gou)，雨后(hou)(hou)洪(hong)流破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出，造成(cheng)復式帶狀洪(hong)積扇裙(qun)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝(gou)為流水侵(qin)蝕成(cheng)為寬谷后(hou)(hou)，往往形(xing)成(cheng)前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)交通孔道。

氣候

大青(qing)山(shan)國家級自然保護區氣(qi)候為(wei)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶季風大陸型氣(qi)候，四季分明(ming)，雨量充沛，氣(qi)侯溫(wen)(wen)和，全(quan)年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.1℃，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)36.5℃，最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-11.1℃，年降水量849毫米，全(quan)年無(wu)霜期(qi)200天(tian)以(yi)上。

土壤

大(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護區土(tu)壤為山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)栗鈣土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)典(dian)型棕褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)淋溶褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)甸草(cao)原土(tu)。北(bei)麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地(di)(di)和(he)灘川地(di)(di)的水土(tu)條件(jian)較好(hao)，耕地(di)(di)擴(kuo)展很(hen)快，上限已達海拔1850米。

區域范圍

大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)388577公頃，其中核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)114038公頃，緩沖區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)85121公頃，實驗區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)189418公頃。東(dong)(dong)以烏蘭(lan)察布市卓資縣(xian)上高臺林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的東(dong)(dong)界(jie)為界(jie)；南(nan)(nan)從大西(xi)(xi)溝(gou)(gou)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)林(lin)(lin)班線(xian)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哈拉沁(qin)溝(gou)(gou)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溝(gou)(gou)東(dong)(dong)坡山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)線(xian)向(xiang)北至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卯獨慶(qing)，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)線(xian)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哈拉沁(qin)溝(gou)(gou)口，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳線(xian)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)門(men)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)林(lin)(lin)班線(xian)再(zai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)九(jiu)峰、天林(lin)(lin)背，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鄧沙溝(gou)(gou)、納令溝(gou)(gou)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)灣，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)當召林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)南(nan)(nan)界(jie)線(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)都(dou)侖河(he)谷(gu)；西(xi)(xi)以昆(kun)都(dou)侖河(he)谷(gu)為界(jie)；北以烏蘭(lan)察布市上高臺林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的北界(jie)為界(jie)，向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)以呼(hu)和浩特市武川縣(xian)五(wu)(wu)道溝(gou)(gou)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、武川縣(xian)井(jing)爾(er)溝(gou)(gou)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、武川縣(xian)五(wu)(wu)家(jia)村林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的北界(jie)為界(jie)直至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)李二溝(gou)(gou)，向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)鞍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、后黑沙、三(san)岔(cha)口、大敖包山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、后店、五(wu)(wu)分子、小(xiao)七號，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)白彥溝(gou)(gou)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)(chang)(chang)北界(jie)線(xian)再(zai)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)都(dou)侖河(he)谷(gu)止。

保護目標

保護對象

大青山國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區主要保(bao)護(hu)對象為：①以(yi)青海云杉(shan)、白杄、青杄、側柏等分布邊(bian)緣物種(zhong)群落為代表(biao)的山地森(sen)林、灌叢—草原生態系統(tong)。②物種(zhong)多樣性及瀕危(wei)珍(zhen)稀物種(zhong)。③保(bao)護(hu)山體，涵養水源。

大青山(shan)國家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區屬(shu)于(yu)“自(zi)然(ran)生態系統類(lei)”，森林類(lei)型（森林、灌叢(cong)—草原）超大型自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區。

生物資源

植物

截至2013年(nian)，據(ju)統計保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)高等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)852種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)127科(ke)(ke)(ke)422屬(shu)(shu)，其中(zhong)種(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)736種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)88科(ke)(ke)(ke)348屬(shu)(shu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)高等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)、種(zhong)數的(de)69.3%、82.5%、86.4%；蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)9科(ke)(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)7.1%、2.8%、2.2%；苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)97種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)30科(ke)(ke)(ke)62屬(shu)(shu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)23.6%、14.7%、11.4%。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)野生(sheng)真菌157種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)于2亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)門3綱13目(mu)42科(ke)(ke)(ke)88屬(shu)(shu)157種(zhong)。其中(zhong)子囊菌亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)門有(you)4目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)大型真菌科(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)、種(zhong)的(de)16.7%，9.1%，5.1%；擔子菌亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)門有(you)9目(mu)35科(ke)(ke)(ke)80屬(shu)(shu)149種(zhong)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)83.3%，90.9%，94.9%。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)內(nei)蒙古植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)中(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)于歐(ou)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)草原植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)洲中(zhong)部亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，由于同時(shi)受歐(ou)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)草原植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)闊葉林植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)影響和滲透，許多植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)相互交迭(die)，從而大大豐(feng)富(fu)了(le)這個地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系地理成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)以東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)、華(hua)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)及(ji)達烏里—蒙古成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為主(zhu)，并混有(you)泛北(bei)(bei)極成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)、古北(bei)(bei)極成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)、東(dong)古北(bei)(bei)極成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)洲中(zhong)部區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)等(deng)(deng)，并在(zai)不同海(hai)拔高度形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)兼有(you)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)特色及(ji)蒙古草原成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)山地植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垂直分(fen)(fen)(fen)布。

動物

截至2013年，初(chu)步查(cha)明保(bao)護區脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)有218種，隸屬(shu)于24目55科123屬(shu)，其(qi)中獸(shou)類有33種，隸屬(shu)于6目12科25屬(shu)；鳥類有173種，隸屬(shu)于15目37科89屬(shu)；兩棲(qi)爬行類有12種，隸屬(shu)于3目6科8屬(shu)。

旅游資源

該保護區(qu)共有景源129處，其中特(te)級(ji)(ji)景源16處，一級(ji)(ji)景源58處，二(er)級(ji)(ji)景源28處，三(san)級(ji)(ji)景源27處。具體(ti)說該區(qu)有“三(san)絕”、“三(san)妙(miao)”。

三絕：

象形石(shi)(shi)神石(shi)(shi)——象形石(shi)(shi)多，形態逼真，天下一(yi)絕。神仙上頭坐(zuo)、群(qun)獸滿山(shan)跑，形態各異、一(yi)石(shi)(shi)三景。著名的有(you)鷹石(shi)(shi)、蛇石(shi)(shi)、龜石(shi)(shi)、蛙石(shi)(shi)、天犬(quan)石(shi)(shi)、雙熊石(shi)(shi)、姥姥姥爺石(shi)(shi)……，個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)形神兼(jian)備。

峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)林——峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)崢嶸(rong)，各顯(xian)(xian)風(feng)姿，美(mei)如(ru)(ru)國(guo)畫。青山峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)林以奇險(xian)著(zhu)稱于(yu)世，花崗巖巖體(ti)所(suo)構成的山峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)極其陡峭、巍峨！東(dong)西兩側似刀(dao)削斧劈，絕(jue)壁之下(xia)如(ru)(ru)臨萬丈深(shen)淵。青山峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)林處(chu)處(chu)崢嶸(rong)，連綿不絕(jue)，在蒼(cang)穹之下(xia)顯(xian)(xian)得突兀、險(xian)峻、靈秀(xiu)、深(shen)沉(chen)。山有山形，巖有巖相；千(qian)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)顯(xian)(xian)態，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)爭奇。

冰臼——冰臼成(cheng)群，種(zhong)類繁多，姿態(tai)萬(wan)千(qian)，形神俱備。

三妙：

高(gao)山(shan)草甸疏林，喬灌交織、郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥、春花秋色、景美迷人。青山(shan)景區共有(you)高(gao)等(deng)植(zhi)物926種，分屬于(yu)103科，406屬，青山(shan)植(zhi)物季相變(bian)化(hua)鮮明，春天(tian)野果樹吐白凝(ning)紅，漫坡(po)杜鵑花姹紫(zi)嫣(yan)紅；夏天(tian)百花競放、青山(shan)蒼翠；秋天(tian)楓葉如火、白樺鋪金(jin)、山(shan)果掛紅；冬季雪壓枝頭，銀裝素(su)裹。

草(cao)甸，高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸、群(qun)峰環繞、綠(lv)草(cao)如(ru)茵、繁花(hua)似錦(jin)青山(shan)草(cao)木(mu)植(zhi)被(bei)豐富，空間(jian)開合變(bian)化、遠(yuan)景、中(zhong)景、近景搭配合理。青山(shan)也是野生動物的棲居場所。鳥(niao)類已(yi)知(zhi)有17目(mu)36科(ke)(ke)155種。大鴇、鷹、隼等(deng)在空中(zhong)盡(jin)情翱翔(xiang)。獸類有7目(mu)（類）17科(ke)(ke)68種，馬鹿、狍(pao)子、野豬、狐(hu)貍(li)、沙狐(hu)、黃鼠狼、艾虎(hu)、蒙(meng)古(gu)兔等(deng)隨處(chu)可見。

生態價值

大青(qing)山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)境內(nei)的(de)陰山(shan)山(shan)脈，它東與冀北(bei)(bei)山(shan)地銜接，西與賀蘭(lan)山(shan)、北(bei)(bei)大山(shan)、馬鬃山(shan)相通，構成(cheng)了一(yi)條環(huan)內(nei)亞干旱(han)、半(ban)(ban)干旱(han)區(qu)(qu)南緣的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)交(jiao)錯帶。這條生(sheng)態(tai)交(jiao)錯帶在中(zhong)國北(bei)(bei)方草原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)占據了一(yi)個獨特(te)的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)區(qu)(qu)域，成(cheng)為干旱(han)、半(ban)(ban)干旱(han)區(qu)(qu)森林(lin)島嶼和諸(zhu)多大型動物活(huo)動帶，在維護(hu)和保持(chi)內(nei)亞荒漠(mo)草原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)穩定性，涵(han)養水源、保持(chi)水土，屏護(hu)山(shan)前河套(tao)平原(yuan)乃(nai)至華北(bei)(bei)平原(yuan)具有重要的(de)意義。