2000年4月(yue),國務院(yuan)文件批準建立(li)長江上游合(he)江至雷波(bo)段(duan)珍稀魚類國家級(ji)自然保護區。
2005年(nian)4月(yue),國(guo)務(wu)院對保護區范圍(wei)作了調(diao)整,并更名為“長江上游珍(zhen)稀特有魚類國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護區”。
長江上(shang)游珍(zhen)稀特有魚類自(zi)然保護區(qu)朱楊管理站
保(bao)護區(qu)江(jiang)段(duan)總長度為1162.61公里(li),總面積為33174.213公頃,涉及云南、貴(gui)州、重(zhong)慶(qing)、四(si)川四(si)省(sheng)一市。主要包(bao)括金(jin)沙江(jiang)向家壩壩軸(zhou)線(xian)下(xia)1.8km至(zhi)重(zhong)慶(qing)馬桑溪長江(jiang)江(jiang)段(duan)353.16km,岷江(jiang)月(yue)波至(zhi)岷江(jiang)河口90.1km,赤水河源至(zhi)赤水河河口628.23km。其中(zhong),核(he)心區(qu)10803.5公頃,緩沖區(qu)15804.6公頃,實驗區(qu)6566.1公頃。
保(bao)護區范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)涉及流(liu)經包(bao)括貴州、云(yun)南(nan)、四川和重慶四省(sheng)、市在(zai)內的長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)流(liu)域。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)珍稀(xi)、特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)國家級自然保(bao)護區面(mian)積33174.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),核心區10803.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),緩(huan)沖區15804.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),實驗(yan)區6566.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),主(zhu)要保(bao)護對象(xiang)仍然為(wei)白(bai)鱘、達氏鱘、胭脂魚(yu)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)珍稀(xi)特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)及其(qi)產卵場。范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)在(zai)東經104°9′至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)106°30′,北緯27°29′至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)29°4′之間,包(bao)括建成后(hou)(hou)的金沙江向(xiang)家壩水(shui)電(dian)站壩軸線(xian)下(xia)1.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)處(chu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重慶長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江馬(ma)桑溪江段,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)353.16公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);赤(chi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)源至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)628.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);岷江月波(bo)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岷江河(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)90.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);越溪河(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)碼頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謝家巖(yan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)32.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)寧河(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)古(gu)河(he)(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江安縣,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)13.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),南(nan)廣(guang)河(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)落角星至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)廣(guang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)6.18公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);永(yong)寧河(he)(he)(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)渠壩至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永(yong)寧河(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)20.63公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li);沱江下(xia)游(you)(you)胡市鎮(zhen)(zhen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沱江河(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)17.01公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。調整后(hou)(hou)的保(bao)護區設核心區5處(chu),分別是:金沙江下(xia)游(you)(you)三塊石以上(shang)(shang)(shang)500米(mi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)南(nan)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)江上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)彌陀鎮(zhen)(zhen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)松(song)既(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen),赤(chi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流(liu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游(you)(you)魚(yu)洞至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)車(che)村,赤(chi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流(liu)中游(you)(you)五(wu)馬(ma)河(he)(he)(he)口至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大同河(he)(he)(he)口,赤(chi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流(liu)習(xi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)口至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)口。 [4]
截至2009年,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)水域分布有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)189種(zhong),屬(shu)9目21科(ke)99屬(shu),浮游(you)植物(wu)6門53屬(shu),浮游(you)動物(wu)51屬(shu)87種(zhong),維管束植物(wu)24屬(shu)33種(zhong),底(di)棲動物(wu)40屬(shu)50種(zhong)。長(chang)江上游(you)珍稀(xi)特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)主(zhu)要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)是珍稀(xi)特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)及(ji)其生境(jing)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內屬(shu)于(yu)國家一(yi)級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)2種(zhong),即白鱘、達氏鱘、二級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)1種(zhong),為胭(yan)脂魚(yu)。此外還(huan)有(you)長(chang)江上游(you)特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)66種(zhong)。
為(wei)維護(hu)長(chang)(chang)江上(shang)游(you)魚(yu)類種群多樣性和長(chang)(chang)江上(shang)游(you)自(zi)然(ran)生態環境,合(he)理持續利(li)用漁業(ye)資源,補救(jiu)因(yin)水電工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)和經濟建(jian)設(she)等人為(wei)因(yin)素對自(zi)然(ran)生態系統造成的影響(xiang),及時拯救(jiu)長(chang)(chang)江上(shang)游(you)瀕危魚(yu)類。
四川(chuan)省、貴州省、云南省、重(zhong)慶市及有(you)關市、縣都已設立了保護(hu)區管(guan)(guan)理局(ju)(處、站),在農業部統一領導(dao)協(xie)調下開展了大量的保護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作。法律法規制定、管(guan)(guan)護(hu)設施建設、漁民轉產專業、珍稀(xi)特(te)有(you)魚類(lei)增殖(zhi)放流(liu)、保護(hu)區資(zi)源環境監(jian)測(ce)、社(she)會(hui)經濟調查、科(ke)學研究(jiu)等工(gong)作正全面有(you)效開展。
宜賓市在(zai)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)范(fan)圍的(de)區(qu)(qu)、縣(xian)(xian)有二區(qu)(qu)四縣(xian)(xian),分別是翠屏區(qu)(qu)、南溪區(qu)(qu)、屏山縣(xian)(xian)、宜賓縣(xian)(xian)、江安縣(xian)(xian)、長寧縣(xian)(xian),宜賓市水產漁政(zheng)局同時增掛國家級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)理處,全面管(guan)(guan)理轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)內保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)工(gong)作。
重慶(qing)段保(bao)護區機構設(she)“一局(ju)、三處、兩(liang)站(zhan)”。重慶(qing)保(bao)護區管(guan)理局(ju)依(yi)托重慶(qing)市(shi)漁政漁港監督管(guan)理處建立。在(zai)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)巴南區漁洞江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段設(she)置“巴南管(guan)理處”,在(zai)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津市(shi)幾江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段設(she)置“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津管(guan)理處”,并分(fen)別在(zai)朱揚鎮(zhen)、白沙鎮(zhen)設(she)置保(bao)護站(zhan),在(zai)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)永川(chuan)市(shi)松既鎮(zhen)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段設(she)置“永川(chuan)管(guan)理處”。管(guan)理機構人(ren)員編制共(gong)計32人(ren)。采用和當(dang)地漁政部(bu)門合署管(guan)理方式(shi),實行(xing)“一套人(ren)馬,兩(liang)塊(kuai)牌子”。