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歷史沿革

保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)于(yu)1997年經(jing)江西省人民(min)政府批(pi)建為(wei)省級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)，歸屬南昌市管理(li)，后經(jing)過5年科考和3年申報，于(yu)2008年1月由國務院批(pi)準為(wei)國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)，并更(geng)名為(wei)“鄱陽湖南磯(ji)濕地國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)”。

地理環境

地理位置

行政上隸屬南(nan)(nan)(nan)昌(chang)市新建縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)磯鄉，距(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)昌(chang)市城(cheng)區(qu)約60公里(li)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)太子河(he)(he)入東(dong)湖口、西(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)贛江中支下游，北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)三山腳，南(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)磯山以(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)鳳尾湖，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬21.6公里(li)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬27.7公里(li)，范圍基本與(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)磯鄉行政邊界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)一致。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)是江西(xi)(xi)省面(mian)積較大的(de)河(he)(he)口類型國家級保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)，緊鄰省會(hui)南(nan)(nan)(nan)昌(chang)。地理坐標在東(dong)經116°10′～116°25′，北(bei)緯28°51′～29°08′之間。東(dong)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)10個拐(guai)(guai)點的(de)連線(xian)為(wei)(wei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，拐(guai)(guai)點的(de)坐標分別為(wei)(wei)（116°18′57″E，29°06′52″N）；南(nan)(nan)(nan)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)沿余干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)拐(guai)(guai)點（116°17′50″E，28°51′59″N）；西(xi)(xi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)（116°17′50″E，28°51′59″N）為(wei)(wei)起點，沿南(nan)(nan)(nan)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)向(xiang)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)大車荒(huang)，再(zai)經16個拐(guai)(guai)點至(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)起點（116°09′51″E，29°06′11″N），拐(guai)(guai)點的(de)坐標分別為(wei)(wei)（116°16′10″E，28°56′16″N）；北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)9個拐(guai)(guai)點的(de)連線(xian)為(wei)(wei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，拐(guai)(guai)點的(de)坐標分別為(wei)(wei)（116°10′22″E，29°07′8″N)。

地質

南(nan)磯自然保護區(qu)在(zai)第四紀以來的(de)(de)地質構(gou)造運動（新構(gou)造運動）中(zhong)處于(yu)中(zhong)心沉(chen)降區(qu)，因此它也(ye)是(shi)不斷發育的(de)(de)各古(gu)河流水(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)匯聚中(zhong)心。南(nan)磯自然保護區(qu)具(ju)有“二元(yuan)結構(gou)”的(de)(de)沖(chong)積(ji)—沖(chong)洪積(ji)相網(wang)紋(wen)紅土、砂(sha)礫(li)石(shi)堆積(ji)，構(gou)成(cheng)了厚達30～75m的(de)(de)沉(chen)積(ji)地層(ceng)。在(zai)更新世(shi)沉(chen)積(ji)地層(ceng)或(huo)白堊(e)系(xi)(xi)紫紅色(se)粉砂(sha)巖(yan)基巖(yan)上(shang)，全新世(shi)沉(chen)積(ji)由下而上(shang)，顆粒(li)變細(xi)(xi)，下部(bu)為礫(li)卵石(shi)、砂(sha)礫(li)石(shi)、砂(sha)（含礫(li)）組成(cheng)的(de)(de)粗碎屑(xie)，層(ceng)面清晰(xi)，磨(mo)圓度(du)和分選性(xing)較好(hao)，上(shang)部(bu)則(ze)主要由亞粘土、亞砂(sha)土等夾不穩定淤泥質薄(bo)層(ceng)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)碎屑(xie)。

水文條件

南磯自然保護區內河道(dao)數目眾多(duo)，大小河道(dao)有50條左右，河道(dao)長短不一，形態各異，而且由于沖淤作(zuo)用還使得河道(dao)形態處(chu)于進一步的發育和(he)變化之中(zhong)。最長河道(dao)達22.57km，最短也(ye)有1.08km，河道(dao)總長度為123.53km。

氣候

鄱陽湖(hu)區屬亞熱帶暖濕季(ji)(ji)風區，一年內冬季(ji)(ji)和東南(nan)(nan)(nan)季(ji)(ji)風進退交換和西(xi)太(tai)平洋副熱帶高壓南(nan)(nan)(nan)北振動(dong)，對鄱陽湖(hu)流(liu)域的(de)天氣(qi)變(bian)化和氣(qi)候(hou)形(xing)成產生(sheng)重大(da)(da)影(ying)響，決定了氣(qi)候(hou)的(de)周期性(xing)變(bian)化。一般冬季(ji)(ji)極(ji)地大(da)(da)陸冷氣(qi)團向南(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)動(dong)，由于(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)移(yi)的(de)路徑不(bu)同，或(huo)西(xi)北路，或(huo)西(xi)路南(nan)(nan)(nan)下影(ying)響鄱陽湖(hu)區，形(xing)成每年3～4次的(de)寒潮天氣(qi)，使湖(hu)區寒冷少雨，或(huo)出現(xian)雨雪天氣(qi)。

區域面積

該(gai)保護區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)33300公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，其中(zhong)核心區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)17500公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，緩沖區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)5500公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，實驗區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)10300公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。

自然資源

植物資源

鄱陽湖南(nan)磯自然(ran)保(bao)護區植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富，區系成分(fen)復雜，類(lei)型(xing)多樣，顯(xian)示具(ju)有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的南(nan)北植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)匯合的過渡性質。濕地植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)雖具(ju)有(you)(you)地帶性“烙印”，但隱域性特征明(ming)顯(xian)。據(ju)統(tong)計，保(bao)護區共有(you)(you)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)115科(ke)(ke)304屬443種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)11科(ke)(ke)11屬12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)10屬11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)99科(ke)(ke)283屬420種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蓼(liao)科(ke)(ke)（Polygonaceae 16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、薔薇(wei)科(ke)(ke)（Rosaceae 17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、豆科(ke)(ke)（Leghminosae 23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、菊(ju)科(ke)(ke)（Composifae 31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、禾本科(ke)(ke)（Graminae 24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、莎草科(ke)(ke)（Cyperaceae 22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）等6科(ke)(ke)在本區具(ju)有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)優勢(shi)，占有(you)(you)主導地位，對本區植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)的構成、動(dong)態和區系組(zu)成具(ju)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。研究區中(zhong)的苔草群(qun)(qun)落(luo)Cares spp. Comm.、蘆葦(wei)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)Phragmites australis Comm.、眼子菜群(qun)(qun)落(luo)Potamogeton spp. Comm.、蓼(liao)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)Polygonum spp. Comm.、針藺(lin)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)Eleocharis spp. Comm.等世界廣(guang)布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是該區域的主要建(jian)群(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)屬在本區內(nei)僅有(you)(you)3個(ge)栽培植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬，即：水杉(shan)屬Metasequoia、枳(zhi)屬Poncirus、南(nan)天竹屬Nandina。自然(ran)分(fen)布植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)無中(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬，此與濕地植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)的典型(xing)隱域性質有(you)(you)關。

動物資源

2003-2004年保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)綜合(he)科(ke)(ke)學考(kao)察統計(ji)到(dao)浮游動物(wu)(wu)62屬111種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，底棲動物(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)昆(kun)蟲11目(mu)(mu)40科(ke)(ke)168種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)6目(mu)(mu)14科(ke)(ke)43屬58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中江湖洄游型魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)40%，兩棲動物(wu)(wu)1目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行動物(wu)(wu)3目(mu)(mu)10科(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，哺乳動物(wu)(wu)7目(mu)(mu)12科(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。特別地(di)，南磯保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)是具有科(ke)(ke)研、保護(hu)(hu)與觀(guan)賞價值的濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統和濕地(di)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)，區(qu)內(nei)(nei)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)，數量大，目(mu)(mu)前記錄到(dao)15目(mu)(mu)45科(ke)(ke)205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有鸊(pi)鷉目(mu)(mu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鵜形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鸛形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雁形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鶴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鸻(heng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鷗(ou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鴿形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鵑(juan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鸮形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，佛法僧(seng)目(mu)(mu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鴷形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雀形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)82種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中，濕地(di)水鳥(niao)(niao)共7目(mu)(mu)89種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)中國水鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的35.6%。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)不同季節里鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)組成差(cha)異顯著，冬季鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，春季鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)120種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，夏(xia)季鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，秋季鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

價值地位

由于地(di)(di)處贛(gan)江、鄱陽湖和(he)長江的(de)(de)關鍵節點，保護(hu)區具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)通(tong)江性,不僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鯉、鯽等經(jing)濟魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)產卵和(he)育肥場所(suo)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長江中下游(you)地(di)(di)區青、草(cao)、鰱、鳙、鰻鱺、刀鱭、鳳(feng)尾魚(yu)等洄(hui)游(you)型(xing)魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)洄(hui)游(you)通(tong)道甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)避難(nan)所(suo)，對于鄱陽湖、贛(gan)江和(he)長江漁業資(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)與可(ke)持續(xu)利用具(ju)有(you)重要(yao)(yao)意(yi)義(yi)。保護(hu)區典型(xing)的(de)(de)入湖口(kou)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統(tong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)河(he)口(kou)自然地(di)(di)理、水(shui)文和(he)生態環境監測等學科(ke)的(de)(de)天然研究基地(di)(di)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研究內陸河(he)口(kou)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統(tong)的(de)(de)場所(suo)。