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外形特征

行動(dong)遲(chi)緩，棲息(xi)于緩流(liu)的(de)淡水(shui)水(shui)體中，并(bing)不時上浮水(shui)面，吞入空氣，進行呼吸。體長，圓(yuan)柱形，無鱗(lin)，灰褐色，長可達2.5公尺，重(zhong)可達20千克。背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)、尾鰭(qi)(qi)退化，但占(zhan)體全長近(jin)4/5的(de)尾，其下緣有一長形臀鰭(qi)(qi)，依靠臀鰭(qi)(qi)的(de)撥動(dong)而游動(dong)。尾部(bu)具(ju)發電器(qi)，來源于肌肉組織，并(bing)受脊神經支配(pei)。能隨意發出電壓高(gao)達650伏特的(de)電壓。體表光滑無鱗(lin)，背(bei)部(bu)黑色，腹部(bu)橙黃(huang)色，沒有背(bei)鰭(qi)(qi)和腹鰭(qi)(qi)，臀鰭(qi)(qi)特別長，是主要的(de)游泳器(qi)官。有兩(liang)對(dui)形狀為(wei)長梭(suo)形的(de)發電器(qi)，位(wei)于尾部(bu)脊髓(sui)兩(liang)側。

電鰻尾部兩側的(de)肌(ji)肉，是由有(you)(you)規則地排列著(zhu)的(de)6000～10000枚(mei)肌(ji)肉薄片(pian)組(zu)成(cheng)，薄片(pian)之間(jian)有(you)(you)結(jie)締(di)組(zu)織相隔，并有(you)(you)許多神(shen)經直(zhi)通中(zhong)樞神(shen)經系統。每枚(mei)肌(ji)肉薄片(pian)像一個小(xiao)電池，只能產(chan)生(sheng)150毫伏的(de)電壓(ya)，但(dan)近萬個“小(xiao)電池”串聯起來(lai)，就(jiu)可以產(chan)生(sheng)很高的(de)電壓(ya)。

放電特性

放電的能力

電(dian)鰻發電(dian)是一種捕食和打擊敵害的手段，有時是一種生理需要(yao)(yao)。電(dian)鰻能(neng)隨意放(fang)電(dian)，自己掌握放(fang)電(dian)時間和強度，發電(dian)器(qi)最主要(yao)(yao)的樞紐(niu)是器(qi)官的神經部分。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)是魚(yu)類中放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力最強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淡水魚(yu)類，輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)300～800伏，因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)有(you)水中“高壓線”之稱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)構造與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩相(xiang)類似，也是由許多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板組(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器分布(bu)在身(shen)體(ti)(ti)兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌(ji)肉內(nei)，身(shen)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尾端為正極(ji)，頭部為負極(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是從尾部流(liu)向頭部。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭和尾觸及敵體(ti)(ti)，或(huo)受(shou)到刺激影響時(shi)即可(ke)發(fa)生(sheng)強大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要(yao)是出(chu)于生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)。因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)要(yao)捕獲其他魚(yu)類和水生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是獲取(qu)獵物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)手段。它所釋放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，能(neng)夠輕而(er)易舉(ju)地把比它小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)擊死，有(you)時(shi)還(huan)會擊斃比它大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)，如正在河(he)里涉水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬和游泳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牛也會被電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)擊昏。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為350多(duo)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)，但(dan)也有過(guo)650伏(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)記錄。美洲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)竟達(da)800多(duo)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)，這么(me)強的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)足(zu)以擊死一(yi)頭牛。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是極(ji)微弱的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)般不到(dao)1安(an)(an)培；有時(shi)觀察到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為500伏(fu)(fu)(fu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為2安(an)(an)培，即功率(lv)為1000瓦的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)時(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖(sui)然發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)是直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率(lv)每秒可達(da)300個脈沖。

放電的損傷力

放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)損傷力取決于(yu)鰻魚的(de)大小和機體(ti)的(de)狀(zhuang)況。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻長不到1米時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻的(de)成長而增(zeng)加。當長到1米后(hou)，只增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)強度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻每秒鐘能(neng)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)50次(ci)，但連(lian)續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸(jian)減弱，10～15秒鐘后(hou)完全消(xiao)失，休(xiu)息一(yi)會后(hou)又能(neng)重新恢復放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力。在水(shui)中3～6米范(fan)圍內，常有人觸及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻放(fang)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而被擊昏(hun)，甚至因此跌入水(shui)中而被淹死(si)。

依(yi)靠(kao)電來(lai)感知周圍(wei)環境

電(dian)鰻(man)尾部發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)，流(liu)向頭部的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)受(shou)器，因(yin)此在它身體周圍形成(cheng)一個弱電(dian)場。電(dian)鰻(man)中樞神經系統中有專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)細胞來(lai)(lai)監(jian)視電(dian)感(gan)受(shou)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動，并(bing)能根據(ju)監(jian)視分析的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果指揮電(dian)鰻(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行為，決定采取(qu)捕食行為或(huo)避讓行為或(huo)其(qi)它行為。有人曾經做過這樣一個實驗：在水池中放置兩根垂直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)，放入電(dian)鰻(man)，并(bing)將水池放在黑暗的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境里，結(jie)果發現電(dian)鰻(man)總在導(dao)(dao)線(xian)中間(jian)穿梭，一點兒也不會碰(peng)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)；當導(dao)(dao)線(xian)通電(dian)后，電(dian)鰻(man)迅速往(wang)后跑。這說明(ming)電(dian)鰻(man)是靠“電(dian)感(gan)”來(lai)(lai)判斷周圍環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

放電原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)體(ti)(ti)內有(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)細(xi)胞(bao)就(jiu)像小型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疊(die)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，當(dang)它(ta)被神經(jing)信號所激(ji)勵時，能陡然使離子流(liu)通過它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞(bao)膜。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)體(ti)(ti)內從頭到(dao)尾都有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞(bao)，就(jiu)像許多(duo)疊(die)在一(yi)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疊(die)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。當(dang)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時，所有(you)(you)這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約(yue)0.15伏）都串(chuan)聯(lian)起(qi)來，這(zhe)樣在電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭和尾之間就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。許多(duo)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組又(you)并聯(lian)起(qi)來，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)能在體(ti)(ti)外產(chan)生(sheng)足夠大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。用(yong)這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)足以將(jiang)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獵物或天(tian)敵擊(ji)暈(yun)或擊(ji)斃。淡(dan)(dan)水里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)魚(yu)需要更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串(chuan)聯(lian)在一(yi)起(qi)，因為淡(dan)(dan)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻較大(da)，產(chan)生(sheng)同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)需要更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

電鰻自身不被電的原因

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器官在(zai)身體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)側，而且(qie)它大部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)身體(ti)(ti)或重要(yao)的(de)(de)器官都由(you)絕(jue)緣性很(hen)高的(de)(de)構(gou)造包住(zhu)，在(zai)水(shui)中就像是一(yi)個(ge)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)最小(xiao)的(de)(de)通(tong)路(lu)經過，所以(yi)在(zai)水(shui)中放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會經由(you)水(shui)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻身體(ti)(ti)小(xiao)）傳(chuan)遞，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻并不會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到自(zi)已。但如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻被抓到空氣中，因空氣的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)比(bi)它身體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)更大，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)話(hua)就會電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到自(zi)已了。另外(wai)，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻受傷使兩(liang)(liang)側的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣體(ti)(ti)同時破損的(de)(de)話(hua)，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時就會像兩(liang)(liang)條裸露的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線一(yi)樣發生短(duan)路(lu)的(de)(de)現(xian)象。

捕食特點

電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)捕食的(de)時候，首先(xian)悄悄地游近(jin)魚(yu)群，然后可(ke)連(lian)續放(fang)(fang)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊的(de)魚(yu)馬上暈厥過去，身體僵(jiang)直，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)乘機吞食它們。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，有時也不一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)為了捕食，也可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種生理需(xu)要。被電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)死(si)的(de)魚(yu)，往往超過它們食用所需(xu)要的(de)量，這給漁業生產帶來危害。

南美洲土著居民利用電(dian)(dian)鰻連續不斷地放電(dian)(dian)后，需要經過一(yi)段時間休息和補充豐富(fu)的食物(wu)后，才能(neng)恢(hui)復(fu)原有的放電(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度(du)的特(te)點(dian)，先將(jiang)一(yi)群牛(niu)馬趕下(xia)河去，使電(dian)(dian)鰻被激怒而不斷放電(dian)(dian)，待(dai)電(dian)(dian)鰻放完電(dian)(dian)精(jing)疲力盡時，直接(jie)捕(bu)捉。

分布范圍

全世界的電鰻(man)主要生長于熱帶及(ji)(ji)溫帶地(di)區水(shui)域(yu)，除了(le)歐洲(zhou)電鰻(man)及(ji)(ji)美洲(zhou)電鰻(man)分布在大西洋(yang)(yang)外，其余均分布在印度洋(yang)(yang)及(ji)(ji)太平洋(yang)(yang)區域(yu)，南美洲(zhou)亞馬孫河(he)和圭(gui)亞那河(he)、奧(ao)里諾科(ke)河(he)流域(yu)也有分布。

生活環境

電(dian)鰻(man)原產于海中，是一種(zhong)降河性洄游魚類，溯河到淡(dan)水(shui)內(nei)長(chang)大，電(dian)鰻(man)在(zai)江(jiang)河湖泊中生長(chang)、發育，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)晝(zhou)伏(fu)夜出(chu)，喜歡流(liu)水(shui)、弱光、穴居(ju)，具有(you)很強的溯水(shui)能力，潛逃能力很強。

生活習性

電(dian)鰻(man)(man)常在夜間捕(bu)食(shi)，食(shi)物中有(you)(you)小魚(yu)、蟹、蝦、甲(jia)殼(ke)動物和水(shui)生(sheng)昆蟲，也(ye)食(shi)動物腐敗尸體，更有(you)(you)部分(fen)個體的(de)食(shi)物中發現有(you)(you)高(gao)等植(zhi)物碎屑。電(dian)鰻(man)(man)捕(bu)食(shi)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)，首先(xian)悄(qiao)悄(qiao)地(di)游近魚(yu)群，然后(hou)可連續放出電(dian)流，受到電(dian)擊(ji)的(de)魚(yu)馬上暈厥(jue)過去，身體僵直，于是電(dian)鰻(man)(man)乘機吞食(shi)它們(men)。電(dian)鰻(man)(man)的(de)攝食(shi)強(qiang)度(du)(du)及生(sheng)長(chang)速度(du)(du)隨水(shui)溫升高(gao)而增強(qiang)，一般以春(chun)、夏(xia)兩(liang)季(ji)為最高(gao)。

放電能力

電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)雖名為“鰻(man)”，但(dan)并(bing)不是(shi)鰻(man)的(de)一種，它在(zai)生物(wu)分類上和鯰魚更為接近，皆置于(yu)骨鰾總目之下。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)來自于(yu)它特化的(de)肌(ji)肉組織所構成(cheng)的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體。肌(ji)肉組織幾(ji)乎都能(neng)(neng)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，占其身長的(de)80%以(yi)上，有(you)數以(yi)千(qian)計的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)的(de)頭部是(shi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)，尾部是(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，每個(ge)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體約可制(zhi)造0.15伏(fu)(fu)特的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，而當數千(qian)個(ge)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)體一起全力(li)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)便高(gao)達600～800伏(fu)(fu)特，但(dan)這種高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只能(neng)(neng)維持非常短暫的(de)時間，而且放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)會隨著疲(pi)勞或衰老的(de)程度(du)(du)而減(jian)退。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)能(neng)(neng)自由控制(zhi)要放(fang)(fang)出(chu)什么程度(du)(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)，一般認為電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)放(fang)(fang)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)目的(de)是(shi)在(zai)警告、試探或偵測。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻之所以能(neng)不被自己或(huo)同類電(dian)(dian)(dian)到，那是因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻體內的脂肪(fang)組織有很(hen)好的絕緣作用，而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻本(ben)身已很(hen)適應微弱的帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)環境。

一(yi)項最新(xin)的研究表明(ming)，電鰻(man)(man)可以(yi)利用(yong)此電流(liu)對(dui)獵物(wu)進行“遠程控制”，使(shi)躲藏著的魚類抽搐從而暴(bao)露自己(ji)的位置。電鰻(man)(man)的電流(liu)還會誘導獵物(wu)的肌肉不(bu)自主地收縮，從而使(shi)其癱瘓。美國(guo)田納西(xi)州范德(de)比爾特大學(xue)生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)家(jia)肯尼斯·卡塔(ta)尼亞表示：“很明(ming)顯，電鰻(man)(man)比人類更早發明(ming)泰(tai)瑟槍（發射帶電鏢箭使(shi)人暫時不(bu)能動彈的武器）。”

品種簡介

電鰻是整個魚(yu)類世(shi)界中最為人(ren)熟知(zhi)的(de)物(wu)種之一(yi)，它(ta)分布于(yu)亞馬(ma)遜(xun)流域的(de)圭亞那地區，雖然危險卻并(bing)不神(shen)秘，是當地有名(ming)的(de)傷人(ren)動物(wu)和餐桌美味(wei)。

外貌特征

電(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)沒有背鰭(qi)，也沒有腹鰭(qi)，只(zhi)有一對很(hen)小的(de)胸鰭(qi)，和跨越(yue)了整個下身的(de)超長(chang)臀鰭(qi)，一直連接到尾鰭(qi)。電(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)的(de)生(sheng)存(cun)環境極其(qi)粗(cu)放(fang)，大多為(wei)渾濁(zhuo)、緩流(liu)的(de)水域，這(zhe)(zhe)種地方給(gei)它帶來了兩個特點：第(di)一是(shi)(shi)眼(yan)睛(jing)基本沒什么用了，很(hen)早就退化了，必須依靠(kao)微弱的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)探知(zhi)周(zhou)圍環境，所以電(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)的(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)其(qi)實是(shi)(shi)長(chang)時開(kai)放(fang)的(de)；第(di)二就是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)么臟(zang)的(de)水里肯定(ding)也長(chang)不出什么好看的(de)顏色(se)，所以電(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)的(de)體(ti)色(se)十分(fen)一般，上(shang)體(ti)灰黑，下腹桔黃，是(shi)(shi)很(hen)通俗(su)的(de)色(se)彩。

飼養方法

人工(gong)飼養中(zhong)電(dian)鰻對水(shui)(shui)體更沒什么要求，微酸至中(zhong)性水(shui)(shui)質，15℃以上的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)溫——這個溫度甚至冬天家里有(you)暖氣的(de)(de)話連加熱棒都不用放——然后過濾系統盡量提(ti)供緩動(dong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)流即可(ke)。電(dian)鰻還會直接(jie)呼吸(xi)空(kong)氣，連水(shui)(shui)體容氧的(de)(de)問題(ti)都不必(bi)擔心。它(ta)們的(de)(de)肛(gang)門雖然就在胸腹(fu)部(bu)下方，消化道極(ji)短，但還是(shi)挺能(neng)吃的(de)(de)。并且由于(yu)它(ta)沒有(you)牙(ya)齒，不能(neng)牢(lao)固咬住獵物，所以每電(dian)擊必(bi)至對方于(yu)死(si)地(di)，投喂時務必(bi)小心，不要自己把手放進水(shui)(shui)里。