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基本介紹

Virunga亦作Birunga，亦稱姆福畢羅山脈(M'fumbiro Mountains)。維龍加山(shan)脈(Virunga Mountains)是(shi)(shi)東非的(de)火(huo)山(shan)群，位(wei)于愛德華湖(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)基伏湖(hu)(hu)之間(jian)的(de)盧旺達、剛果民主(zhu)共和(he)(he)國和(he)(he)烏干達接(jie)壤邊境(jing)，由8座主(zhu)要(yao)火(huo)山(shan)組成，是(shi)(shi)東非大裂谷的(de)一部分，也是(shi)(shi)列(lie)于IUCN紅色(se)名錄(lu)的(de)山(shan)地大猩(xing)猩(xing)棲(qi)息地。

景點景觀

維龍加山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)聳立(li)於人口(kou)稠密的高(gao)原之上，高(gao)原主要居民是盧(lu)安達耕種(zhong)者，某(mou)些地(di)區住(zhu)著(zhu)牧牛者。剛果(金(jin)沙薩(sa))的維龍加國家公園(Virunga National Park)包括剛果(金(jin)沙薩(sa))境(jing)內的山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)部(bu)(bu)分，山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)中(zhong)段和東部(bu)(bu)的南側組成盧(lu)安達西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)的火山(shan)(shan)國家公園，大猩猩國家公園包括姆加辛(xin)加山(shan)(shan)的烏干達境(jing)內山(shan)(shan)坡。保護區保護山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)的高(gao)山(shan)(shan)植被，還有高(gao)地(di)大猩猩等(deng)野生動物。

地理環境

8座主要火山山峰(feng)之中最(zui)高(gao)的(de)是(shi)卡(ka)里(li)辛比(Karisimbi)峰(feng)，海拔4,507公尺(14,787呎)。維龍加(意為「火山」)之名(ming)可能源(yuan)於斯瓦希里(li)語(Swahili)，此(ci)名(ming)比較早的(de)姆(mu)福畢(bi)羅更常用，今烏(wu)干(gan)達境(jing)內(nei)仍用姆(mu)福畢(bi)羅之名(ming)。

山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈中(zhong)(zhong)部和(he)東部的(de)(de)(de)(de)6座(zuo)火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)死火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。米凱諾(Mikeno)和(he)薩比尼奧(ao)是其中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩座(zuo)，可追溯到更新世(約(yue)200萬～1萬年前)早期(qi)，其火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口已消失而被侵(qin)蝕成崎(qi)嶇地形。更新世中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)出(chu)(chu)現卡里辛(xin)(xin)比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、維(wei)索科(ke)(Visoke)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、姆(mu)加辛(xin)(xin)加(Mgahinga)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、穆哈(ha)武拉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，其中(zhong)(zhong)只有(you)卡里辛(xin)(xin)比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口。穆哈(ha)武拉火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口包含一個小湖泊。不超過2萬年前在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)西端出(chu)(chu)現尼拉貢戈(ge)(Nyiragongo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)尼亞(ya)穆拉吉拉(Nyamulagira)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，兩座(zuo)都有(you)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口。尼拉貢戈(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)口直(zhi)徑約(yue)1.2公里(0.75哩)，內有(you)一個液態熔巖(yan)池。兩座(zuo)火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔巖(yan)區一直(zhi)很活(huo)躍，有(you)些熔巖(yan)遠(yuan)流至基伏湖，特(te)別是1912、1938、1948年發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆發(fa)。主要火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)周圍有(you)許多較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)形山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。

維龍加(jia)山脈，是非洲中(zhong)東(dong)部(bu)基伏(fu)(Kivu)湖以北的火山山嶺(ling)，沿剛果(金沙薩)、盧(lu)安達、烏干達邊界延伸約80公里(50哩)。山嶺(ling)為東(dong)西向，與(yu)其中(zhong)有基伏(fu)湖和愛(ai)德華湖的大裂谷相互垂直。