宛(wan)梆(南(nan)陽(yang)梆子)，是生(sheng)長形成(cheng)于河(he)南(nan)省南(nan)陽(yang)市的古老(lao)傳統戲曲劇種之(zhi)一。它(ta)(ta)的歷史悠久，源遠流長。早期人(ren)們稱它(ta)(ta)為"西(xi)調"、"南(nan)陽(yang)調"、"亂彈(dan)"、"老(lao)梆子"，建國后更名為"宛(wan)梆"。
它(ta)是(shi)明末清初由陜(shan)西同州梆(bang)子(zi)傳入南(nan)(nan)陽市(shi)，結合南(nan)(nan)陽民歌小(xiao)調，鄉音俚語(yu)，逐漸演(yan)變(bian)而(er)成的(de)一個戲曲劇種(zhong)，它(ta)基本上保持(chi)著河南(nan)(nan)梆(bang)子(zi)的(de)早期精(jing)華(hua)和原始音樂形態，其唱腔優美(mei)，風格(ge)獨特，迄今已(yi)有300余年歷史。目(mu)前，僅存內鄉縣一個專業劇團，號稱"天(tian)下第一團" 。
宛梆的(de)興盛時期是(shi)清道光年間至(zhi)民(min)國三十年前后，各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)民(min)間的(de)春祈秋(qiu)報，婚喪嫁娶(qu)，多唱宛梆，其(qi)(qi)流(liu)行程度(du)極為普及。到處流(liu)傳著(zhu)"扛起鋤頭上南(nan)崗(gang)，嘴里哼著(zhu)梆子腔"、"桃(tao)黍(高粱)地(di)(di)里喊(han)亂彈(dan)"的(de)民(min)謠。其(qi)(qi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)更是(shi)星羅棋布(bu)，遍(bian)及南(nan)陽各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，影響較大的(de)班(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)有南(nan)陽城關(guan)的(de)白音堂班(ban)(ban)(ban)、十八里崗(gang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、府門(men)外(wai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、高廟(miao)(miao)李(li)莊班(ban)(ban)(ban)、石(shi)橋黃(huang)碧班(ban)(ban)(ban)、掘地(di)(di)坪班(ban)(ban)(ban)，社(she)旗泥(ni)河(he)(he)(he)班(ban)(ban)(ban)，鄧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)磨戶張班(ban)(ban)(ban)、構林班(ban)(ban)(ban)、林扒(ba)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、庫糧房(fang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、肖店(dian)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、蔣莊班(ban)(ban)(ban)、桑莊班(ban)(ban)(ban)、（氵急）灘班(ban)(ban)(ban)，新野的(de)孔樓班(ban)(ban)(ban)，內鄉齊營齊大茂班(ban)(ban)(ban)、王店(dian)四張張風山班(ban)(ban)(ban)、西后街王福清班(ban)(ban)(ban)、曹沖(chong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、螺螄河(he)(he)(he)班(ban)(ban)(ban)，鎮平城關(guan)王少班(ban)(ban)(ban)、蘆醫廟(miao)(miao)班(ban)(ban)(ban)、石(shi)佛寺(si)班(ban)(ban)(ban)，以(yi)及方城、南(nan)召、唐河(he)(he)(he)、桐柏等地(di)(di)的(de)班(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)數以(yi)百計之(zhi)多，演(yan)出地(di)(di)域(yu)除宛屬各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)外(wai)，東(dong)至(zhi)沙河(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)岸的(de)周(zhou)口、項(xiang)城，西至(zhi)商洛(luo)、藍(lan)田，北到盧氏、靈(ling)寶，南(nan)達襄樊、河(he)(he)(he)口 。
特(te)別(bie)是內(nei)鄉夏館張珊的"公(gong)義"班，該(gai)班創辦于清咸豐三年(nian)(1853年(nian))，名角薈(hui)萃(cui)，箱具(ju)齊全，先后培養(yang)了著(zhu)名武丑王(wang)老四等(deng)諸多的藝術人才。"公(gong)義"班由赤眉齊俊顯任戲主之后，請來(lai)著(zhu)名演(yan)員王(wang)春生(sheng)掌(zhang)班及著(zhu)名紅(hong)臉(lian)翟道三、著(zhu)名黑頭杜林保相繼加入該(gai)班，使"公(gong)義"班的名聲大振，成為宛屬各縣梆子班無人匹(pi)敵的班社。
進入30年代后期，由于豫劇(ju)(ju)的(de)流(liu)入和興(xing)起，加之抗(kang)日戰爭及解放(fang)(fang)戰爭的(de)動亂，多(duo)數宛(wan)(wan)梆班(ban)(ban)社停(ting)辦，藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)相繼離散，使這個(ge)曾經(jing)風靡一時的(de)古老劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)逐漸衰萎。至(zhi)解放(fang)(fang)前夕(xi)，宛(wan)(wan)屬各(ge)縣的(de)宛(wan)(wan)梆班(ban)(ban)社已經(jing)所剩無幾(ji)，內鄉(xiang)縣境內僅存以(yi)聶國政為(wei)班(ban)(ban)主的(de)"公義"班(ban)(ban)，也瀕(bin)臨停(ting)演，部分藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)離散改(gai)業。
群眾習(xi)稱宛梆(bang)(bang)為(wei)"大(da)(da)戲"。在唱腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)上具有(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特風(feng)格(ge)，且(qie)變化較多。宛梆(bang)(bang)唱腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)音(yin)(yin)樂(le)屬板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主弦(xian)和(he)(he)秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)早(zao)期主弦(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，琴桿粗且(qie)短，高(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)尺半(ban)左右，琴筒用香椿木作料(liao)，中(zhong)(zhong)間掏空，呈(cheng)橢圓形，筒面用薄(bo)木板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)粘合，弦(xian)用牛筋，里外(wai)弦(xian)序(xu)63，發音(yin)(yin)高(gao)銳，以(yi)軟(ruan)弓子(zi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嗡(低(di)音(yin)(yin)京胡(hu))為(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)弦(xian)，輔以(yi)月(yue)琴、三弦(xian)、墜胡(hu)，以(yi)棗木梆(bang)(bang)擊節(jie)，并配(pei)之(zhi)以(yi)大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)在宛梆(bang)(bang)唱腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)藝術中(zhong)(zhong)獨具特色，幾乎各(ge)類(lei)(lei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，生、旦、凈、丑各(ge)個(ge)行(xing)當皆可用之(zhi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)接于本(ben)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)之(zhi)后(hou)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)比二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)本(ben)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)還(huan)要(yao)高(gao)八(ba)(ba)(ba)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)假嗓(sang)無(wu)(wu)字(zi)行(xing)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用為(wei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式和(he)(he)感情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)所決(jue)定，和(he)(he)本(ben)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，喜(xi)、怒、哀、樂(le)各(ge)種(zhong)感情(qing)均可表達(da)。"慢板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)"中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)[工字(zi)調]、[流(liu)(liu)水]，[二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八(ba)(ba)(ba)]中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)[花(hua)(hua)(hua)揚(yang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)]能(neng)使聽者(zhe)悅(yue)目賞心(xin)，而(er)各(ge)種(zhong)哭腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)則又使人牽(qian)魂(hun)掛腸(chang)。宛梆(bang)(bang)唱腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調高(gao)為(wei)1=bB，男女演員同腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)同調。花(hua)(hua)(hua)臉的(de)(de)(de)(de)唱腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)蒼勁(jing)雄健，別(bie)具一(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge)。宛梆(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)大(da)(da)體分為(wei)四(si)大(da)(da)部分：即慢板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)、流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八(ba)(ba)(ba)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)、散(san)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)。[慢板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)]為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)眼(yan)(4/4節(jie)拍)，起于中(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)，落于板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上，變格(ge)部分主要(yao)有(you)頭腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、三腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、工字(zi)調和(he)(he)不帶花(hua)(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、寒腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)等。[流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)]為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)(yi)(yi)眼(yan)(2/4拍)，旋律輕快(kuai)流(liu)(liu)暢，節(jie)奏明朗，適于敘事、抒情(qing)。[緊(jin)流(liu)(liu)水]和(he)(he)[緊(jin)流(liu)(liu)水垛(duo)]有(you)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)無(wu)(wu)眼(yan)（1/4）拍。[二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八(ba)(ba)(ba)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)]也(ye)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)(yi)(yi)眼(yan)(2/4拍節(jie))。[緊(jin)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八(ba)(ba)(ba)]和(he)(he)[緊(jin)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八(ba)(ba)(ba)垛(duo)]的(de)(de)(de)(de)速度較快(kuai)，均為(wei)有(you)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)無(wu)(wu)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/4拍，也(ye)可類(lei)(lei)似自由(you)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)打(da)慢唱。
各種[二八板]統(tong)統(tong)突(tu)出(chu)了豐富(fu)的鑼(luo)鼓打擊樂，使它更具有(you)激越情調(diao)和火爆味(wei)兒。散板類無(wu)板無(wu)眼(yan)，包(bao)括[哭滾白]、[大(da)起板]、[導(dao)板]、[軟(ruan)導(dao)板]、[圓簧]、[尖板]等，這些散板形式中，除[尖板]外(wai)，均可使用花腔。此(ci)外(wai)，宛(wan)梆吸收民(min)歌小(xiao)調(diao)如[一串鈴]、[裰羅調(diao)]等也(ye)都在特定情景下具有(you)豐富(fu)的表現力。
宛梆音樂(le)中(zhong)擁有(you)豐富的傳統曲牌。絲弦曲牌有(you)：[慢板(ban)大(da)盤頭]、[大(da)開門(men)]、[小開門(men)]、[王子開門(men)]、[步(bu)步(bu)緊(jin)]、[鶯兒山(shan)]、[花雀(que)子]、[慢壓板(ban)]等十多種。嗩(suo)吶(na)曲牌有(you)[清水令]、[半槍]、[滿槍]、[尾聲(sheng)]、[嗩(suo)吶(na)皮]、[泣顏回]、[欠場]、[嘆如雷]、[一尺綢(chou)]、[娃(wa)娃(wa)]等。?
宛梆打(da)(da)擊(ji)樂中的身段鑼鼓與(yu)其他劇(ju)種接(jie)近，唱(chang)腔頭(tou)尾和中間的打(da)(da)擊(ji)樂，十分獨特豐富。鑼鼓經(jing)有[鳳凰三點頭(tou)]、[老全(quan)錘(chui)(chui)]、[全(quan)錘(chui)(chui)]、[反全(quan)錘(chui)(chui)]、[小(xiao)全(quan)錘(chui)(chui)]、[五錘(chui)(chui)頭(tou)]、[五鑼]、[鳳凰單展翅]等。
宛(wan)梆的劇目(mu)(mu)(mu)可分為(wei)三(san)(san)種(zhong)，一是傳統劇目(mu)(mu)(mu)，二是移植兄弟劇種(zhong)的劇目(mu)(mu)(mu)，三(san)(san)是不同(tong)時期的創編劇目(mu)(mu)(mu)。
傳統劇目有"四(si)征(zheng)"、"四(si)鍘(zha)"、"八(ba)大(da)山(shan)"、"大(da)、小(xiao)十八(ba)本"等數百個，四(si)征(zheng)又分《雷振(zhen)海征(zheng)北(bei)》、《馬(ma)三保征(zheng)東》等男(nan)"四(si)征(zheng)"和《穆(mu)桂英征(zheng)東》、《樊梨花征(zheng)西》等女"四(si)征(zheng)"，以及(ji)《秦(qin)英征(zheng)西》、《姚剛(gang)征(zheng)南(nan)》、《燕王掃北(bei)》等武(wu)生(sheng)戲(xi)；四(si)鍘(zha)有《鍘(zha)西宮(gong)》、《鍘(zha)越王》等；八(ba)大(da)山(shan)有《兩郎(lang)山(shan)》、《豹頭山(shan)》、《青銅山(shan)》等征(zheng)戰戲(xi)；"大(da)、小(xiao)十八(ba)本"包括哪些劇目各說不(bu)一(yi)。
移(yi)植劇目，有《收姜維》、《逼(bi)上梁山(shan)》、《趙氏孤(gu)兒》等百余出。
創編(bian)劇(ju)目，不(bu)(bu)同劇(ju)團(tuan)各有不(bu)(bu)同，不(bu)(bu)同時代(dai)，題材(cai)各異。
宛(wan)梆的劇(ju)目(mu)特色，從(cong)劇(ju)目(mu)樣式上(shang)，以正劇(ju)、悲劇(ju)為(wei)多，以反映(ying)宮廷(ting)、征戰、公案故(gu)事的功架戲為(wei)主。
宛梆既有(you)(you)陜西梆子的(de)(de)高亢激(ji)越，又有(you)(you)中原(yuan)音樂的(de)(de)平整(zheng)規范，還有(you)(you)楚樂的(de)(de)委婉清麗，它用以(yi)(yi)烘托感(gan)情(qing)的(de)(de)假腔(qiang)為(wei)高八度無字行腔(qiang)，系宛腔(qiang)一絕，具(ju)有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)藝術價值。受中原(yuan)文(wen)化、秦晉文(wen)化和楚文(wen)化共(gong)同(tong)滋(zi)養的(de)(de)宛梆是研究河南(nan)(nan)梆子早期生(sheng)態的(de)(de)標本，20世紀30年(nian)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)來，由于(yu)豫劇(ju)、河南(nan)(nan)曲劇(ju)的(de)(de)興起和迅速(su)流傳(chuan)(chuan)，宛梆漸趨衰(shuai)落，至目(mu)前(qian)只剩(sheng)下內鄉縣一家國有(you)(you)宛梆專業劇(ju)團還在艱(jian)難地傳(chuan)(chuan)承著這一古老的(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)藝術火(huo)種，有(you)(you)必要及時加以(yi)(yi)搶(qiang)救(jiu)和維護。
國家非常重視非物質文化(hua)遺產(chan)的(de)保護，2006年5月20日(ri)，宛(wan)梆經國務(wu)院批(pi)準列入第一批(pi)國家級(ji)非物質文化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄。
歲月靜好 
