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回族醫藥
0 票數:0 #國家級非物質文化遺產名錄#
回族醫藥是中國傳統醫學與阿拉伯-伊斯蘭醫學“東西合璧”的產物。當歐洲其他各國尚未脫離神學統治之回族醫藥時,阿拉伯人開始發展科學文化。他們開辦大學、建立圖書館,培養了大批人才,阿拉伯文化達到較高水平,在所有科目中,醫學是最主要的,也取得了巨大成就。2008年6月7日,回族醫藥經國務院批準列入第二批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。
  • 所屬類別: 傳(chuan)統醫藥
  • 遺產項目編號: Ⅸ-17
  • 申報地區: 寧夏回族自治區
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相關項目

1、回族醫藥(張氏回醫正骨療法),編號:Ⅸ-17
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),新增項目
(2)申報地區或單位:寧夏回族自治區吳忠市
(3)保護單位:寧夏張氏回醫正骨醫院
2、回族醫藥(回族湯瓶八診療法),編號:Ⅸ-17
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),新增項目
(2)申報地區或單位:寧夏回族自治區銀川市
(3)保護單位:寧夏湯瓶八診文化產業發展有限公司
3、回族醫藥(陳氏回族醫技十法),編號:Ⅸ-17
(1)批次/類型:2014年(第四批),擴展項目
(2)申報地區或單位:寧夏回族自治區吳忠市
(3)保護單(dan)位:寧夏伊康回族醫(yi)藥研究所(suo)(有(you)限(xian)公司)

起源

介紹

隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)人(ren)與鄰國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)往(wang),鄰國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化隨(sui)之在(zai)阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)諸(zhu)國(guo)滲(shen)透(tou),并互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)補益(yi),醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)上也是(shi)(shi)如此。伊斯(si)蘭(lan)教創始人(ren)穆罕默德(de)曾說過:“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問遠在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo),亦當求之”。中(zhong)阿(a)(a)于(yu)公元651年正式友好往(wang)來,醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)往(wang)也興于(yu)此時(shi)。因此許(xu)多阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe),特別是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些哲學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)不斷總(zong)結自己民族的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)實踐經驗,同時(shi)還(huan)將其(qi)他(ta)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)譯(yi)(yi)成阿(a)(a)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。如格(ge)夫退葉在(zai)《哲學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)傳記(ji)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)中(zhong)提(ti)到:“巴士拉(la)(la)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生馬(ma)西爾(er)(er)(er)朱(zhu)衛(wei)是(shi)(shi)哈(ha)(ha)里(li)發奧馬(ma)·阿(a)(a)不杜(du)·阿(a)(a)齊茲時(shi)代以色列學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe),其(qi)真名(ming)叫(jiao)馬(ma)西爾(er)(er)(er)·吉斯(si),精(jing)(jing)通醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),在(zai)奧馬(ma)爾(er)(er)(er)時(shi)主持翻譯(yi)(yi)愛赫蘭(lan)·格(ge)斯(si)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo),成書(shu)于(yu)哈(ha)(ha)里(li)發穆爾(er)(er)(er)時(shi)代,他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)另兩(liang)部著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)是(shi)(shi)《食物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量及(ji)益(yi)損》和(he)《草(cao)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)功能及(ji)益(yi)損》”。在(zai)哈(ha)(ha)里(li)發奧馬(ma)爾(er)(er)(er)時(shi)代(公元717年至719年)還(huan)請精(jing)(jing)明(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生充當教育和(he)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)顧問。倭(wo)瑪亞王朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個哈(ha)(ha)里(li)發哈(ha)(ha)立德(de)·葉其(qi)德(de)是(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個將希(xi)臘文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)專著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)譯(yi)(yi)成阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren),由于(yu)其(qi)哲學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)修養(yang)高深,貢獻卓著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),被阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)后世學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)稱為(wei)賢哲。不言而喻,隨(sui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化交(jiao)流,醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)補益(yi)滲(shen)透(tou)現象在(zai)后世阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)不乏其(qi)例,這與中(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)《海(hai)藥(yao)本草(cao)》《千金要方(fang)》《本草(cao)綱(gang)目》等(deng)記(ji)載阿(a)(a)拉(la)(la)伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)同屬一(yi)(yi)(yi)理(li),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)歷史事實。

早在(zai)公元(yuan)7世紀(ji),阿(a)拉伯(bo)一(yi)伊(yi)(yi)斯蘭醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)曾居(ju)世界醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)先進行(xing)列,并對西方現(xian)代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)有巨大影響。到中世紀(ji),阿(a)拉伯(bo)偉(wei)大的(de)哲學(xue)(xue)家、科學(xue)(xue)家、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)家阿(a)維森納的(de)足跡遍及伊(yi)(yi)拉克、波斯、阿(a)塞拜疆(jiang)、巴(ba)基斯坦大片土(tu)地(di)。他一(yi)生(sheng)大膽實踐(jian),潛心鉆研,廣(guang)征博(bo)求(qiu),于(yu)公元(yuan)980至1037年著(zhu)成熔古希臘醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)、印(yin)度醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)、中國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)、阿(a)拉伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)與哲學(xue)(xue)于(yu)一(yi)爐的(de)巨著(zhu)—— 《醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)典(dian)》 ,成為現(xian)代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)和阿(a)拉伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)奠(dian)基人(ren)。中世紀(ji)阿(a)拉伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)著(zhu)作繁多,不(bu)少已散失,包括(kuo)《醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)典(dian)》在(zai)內,流(liu)傳至今(jin)尚有400多種。

由來

由于阿拉(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)廣泛吸收(shou)希臘醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、羅馬醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、印度醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(包(bao)括中國醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)脈學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在內)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)髓,在漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)歷史過程中逐(zhu)漸形(xing)成了自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)體系。其礪酆(feng)誦氖恰八(ba)拇(mu)笪(da)鎦(liu)恃?怠(dai)薄(bo)Ⅰ八(ba)慕蜓?怠(dai)薄(bo)5焦??2世紀(ji),伊朗著(zhu)名醫(yi)家拉(la)(la)(la)齊斯的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)巨著(zhu)《綜(zong)合醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》10卷和阿巴薩德·達維(wei)亞的(de)(de)(de)《綜(zong)合百科全書》問世,更加豐(feng)富了阿拉(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內容。是時阿拉(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)已成為有(you)理論有(you)豐(feng)富經驗的(de)(de)(de)古代醫(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。

傳入中國

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)回回醫學的(de)發展(zhan),相(xiang)伴于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)阿(a)醫藥(yao)(yao)交(jiao)流。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)阿(a)醫藥(yao)(yao)交(jiao)流歷史源遠流長(chang),最早可(ke)追溯到(dao)西漢(han)。當(dang)時(shi)張騫兩次出(chu)使(shi)西域后,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與西域之交(jiao)流日益頻繁(fan),據(ju)史料記載(zai)張騫曾到(dao)達(da)大(da)宛(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)費(fei)爾(er)干納)、大(da)月氏(shi)(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之阿(a)富汗北部(bu)(bu))、大(da)夏(xia)(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之阿(a)姆(mu)河南)、康居(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)撒馬爾(er)罕)等國(guo)(guo),并從大(da)月氏(shi)經安息(xi)(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之伊朗(lang))直(zhi)抵大(da)秦(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之羅馬)。張騫的(de)副使(shi)曾達(da)身毒國(guo)(guo)(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之印度北、盂(yu)加拉(la)、巴基斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)一(yi)帶)及(ji)??賓(即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之克什米爾(er)及(ji)巴基斯(si)坦(tan)(tan)北部(bu)(bu)),經此路輸入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有不少藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu),據(ju)范行準先生統計:礦物(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao)如石(shi)硫黃、密陀僧等凡(fan)(fan)18種,植物(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao)如木香、豆(dou)蔻等凡(fan)(fan)58種,動(dong)物(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao)羚羊角及(ji)龍涎(xian)等凡(fan)(fan)16種,共計92種。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)當(dang)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)是阿(a)拉(la)伯(bo)地區的(de)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)。這(zhe)些(xie)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)均被(bei)當(dang)時(shi)漢(han)醫吸收和應(ying)用。

雖(sui)然早在西(xi)(xi)漢時期張騫、甘(gan)英先后通使西(xi)(xi)域,但阿(a)拉伯與中國(guo)的(de)正式友好往(wang)來則始于唐代(dai),醫藥方(fang)面也興于此時。

公元(yuan)651年(nian),第三任哈里發歐斯(si)(si)曼使節于(yu)8月(yue)25日到(dao)達(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國長(chang)安,進見唐(tang)(tang)皇(huang),搭起了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)阿友誼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋梁。自此以后阿拉(la)(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)等(deng)(deng)穆斯(si)(si)林主要沿水旱兩路往來(lai)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)阿之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),水路由波(bo)斯(si)(si)灣(wan)到(dao)馬(ma)爾納灣(wan)。經(jing)盂加拉(la)(la)(la)(la)灣(wan)抵馬(ma)六(liu)甲海(hai)峽至我國南(nan)海(hai)達(da)廣州(zhou)、泉州(zhou)、杭州(zhou),再轉至長(chang)安;陸(lu)路則經(jing)波(bo)斯(si)(si)、阿富汗到(dao)新疆天山南(nan)北,最(zui)后達(da)唐(tang)(tang)都長(chang)安。比較而(er)言,穆斯(si)(si)林經(jing)水路達(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)要比陸(lu)路早(zao)100年(nian)。從(cong)唐(tang)(tang)永徽二(er)年(nian)到(dao)唐(tang)(tang)貞元(yuan)十五(wu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)148年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),阿拉(la)(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)遣唐(tang)(tang)使多(duo)達(da)36次。當時(shi)(shi)唐(tang)(tang)人稱阿拉(la)(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)人為大(da)食(Taz或Tazih的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)譯音)人。唐(tang)(tang)安史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)亂,大(da)食應中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國之(zhi)(zhi)請求,派精兵支(zhi)援唐(tang)(tang)王朝,后一些阿拉(la)(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)人即定(ding)居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國。據史(shi)料記載(zai),在(zai)安史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)亂到(dao)長(chang)安有(you)(you)(you)更多(duo)大(da)食人,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部(bu)分長(chang)期居(ju)住在(zai)“西(xi)市”一帶(dai),從(cong)事(shi)“回(hui)回(hui)”奇香異藥(yao)(yao)經(jing)營。由于(yu)盛唐(tang)(tang)五(wu)代(dai)時(shi)(shi)期,阿拉(la)(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系最(zui)深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)商業(ye)貿易,醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)方面則是(shi)(shi)香藥(yao)(yao)進口,有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)一處經(jing)營香藥(yao)(yao)珠(zhu)寶(bao)者甚至達(da)一二(er)十萬(wan)人,單(dan)香藥(yao)(yao)貿易有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)竟達(da)千斤之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo),如此大(da)大(da)豐富了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)品種。到(dao)唐(tang)(tang)末五(wu)代(dai)時(shi)(shi),最(zui)負盛名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)回(hui)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)家(jia)李珣(xun),人稱李波(bo)斯(si)(si)。他著有(you)(you)(you)一本獨具(ju)風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)學著作(zuo)《海(hai)藥(yao)(yao)本草》,顧名思義,該(gai)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)所以用“海(hai)藥(yao)(yao)”命名,是(shi)(shi)因其所收(shou)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)來(lai)自海(hai)外(wai)。該(gai)書(shu)(shu)為總(zong)結唐(tang)(tang)末時(shi)(shi)南(nan)方藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)與(yu)海(hai)外(wai)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)臨床(chuang)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本草學著作(zuo),有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻學價值。另外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)鄭虔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《胡本草》及非醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)學書(shu)(shu)籍《西(xi)陽(yang)雜(za)俎》等(deng)(deng)也記載(zai)了(le)許多(duo)外(wai)來(lai)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu),包(bao)括阿拉(la)(la)(la)(la)伯(bo)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)。

在唐代(dai)不僅(jin)有香(xiang)藥(yao)輸入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國,與之同時(shi)一些醫療技術(shu)也(ye)傳入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國,如在《千(qian)金翼方(fang)·養性》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所記載的(de)(de)“悖散湯(tang)”(又名牛乳補虛破氣方(fang)),本為波斯、大(da)秦醫方(fang),曾在朝野間(jian)廣為流傳,對治療氣痢、一切氣病(bing)、健運脾胃其效甚佳。從(cong)唐代(dai)開(kai)始,回回先(xian)民對香(xiang)藥(yao)推(tui)廣應用(yong)頗多貢獻(xian),如用(yong)香(xiang)藥(yao)防(fang)治疾病(bing)、薰洗衣物、化妝美(mei)容、調(diao)味食品、祛邪防(fang)腐等(deng)。同時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國穆斯林研究介紹了大(da)量(liang)阿拉伯世界文化成就如數(shu)學(xue)、天文歷法(fa)等(deng),而中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)造(zao)紙術(shu)、針灸學(xue)、脈學(xue)、煉丹術(shu)、臨床科(ke)學(xue)經驗也(ye)源源不斷(duan)地輸入(ru)阿拉伯國家,特(te)別是造(zao)紙術(shu)輾轉外傳,給(gei)歐洲(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)世紀文明以很大(da)促進。因此(ci)早期的(de)(de)回回先(xian)民為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外文化的(de)(de)交流做出了重大(da)貢獻(xian),尤其在未有空間(jian)傳播科(ke)技的(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai),堪稱豐功偉績(ji)。

宋代(dai),中(zhong)國與西(xi)域的(de)(de)(de)陸(lu)路交(jiao)通(tong)不(bu)如(ru)海(hai)(hai)路發達,在(zai)東南(nan)沿海(hai)(hai)一(yi)帶如(ru)廣(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、杭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、揚州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等(deng)地(di)(di)集居了(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)大食人(ren),其中(zhong)不(bu)乏香藥(yao)巨商與醫家(jia)(jia),且(qie)人(ren)數日增。由于海(hai)(hai)上交(jiao)通(tong)頻繁(fan),宋皇特命在(zai)廣(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、杭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、泉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等(deng)沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)設“市舶司”以管理(li)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)貿易及(ji)對外(wai)(wai)文化交(jiao)流。載入史冊的(de)(de)(de)有福建蒲(pu)(pu)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)族。《宋會要稿·蕃夷(yi)七》記載的(de)(de)(de)蒲(pu)(pu)壽庚,也是宋代(dai)著(zhu)名香藥(yao)富(fu)商。《蒲(pu)(pu)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)譜》有“家(jia)(jia)居西(xi)板(ban)”,“世秉清真教,天下蒲(pu)(pu)氏(shi)皆一(yi)脈”之(zhi)記載,蒲(pu)(pu)氏(shi)家(jia)(jia)族興(xing)盛于宋元,衰(shuai)落于明清,世襲(xi)經商大食香藥(yao)。

宋(song)(song)代的中阿海外貿(mao)易較(jiao)唐代有(you)(you)很大的發展,貿(mao)易品(pin)種由(you)唐代的珍寶犀牙為主、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為輔,漸變為以(yi)(yi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)貿(mao)易為主。宋(song)(song)太(tai)平興國七年,宋(song)(song)太(tai)祖曾(ceng)下(xia)詔令對海外香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)料放通(tong)行的有(you)(you)37種,其銷路較(jiao)廣(guang)的是有(you)(you)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)作用的香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)如(ru)丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、木(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍腦(nao)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、乳香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、草(cao)豆蔻(kou)、沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、檀香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍涎香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘇合(he)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)油(you)等(deng)。由(you)于(yu)大量香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的引進(jin),從而(er)大大豐富了中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)治(zhi)療(liao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法。宋(song)(song)代醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)較(jiao)唐代醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)在香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的應用或組方(fang)(fang)(fang)上有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯變化,就《太(tai)平圣惠方(fang)(fang)(fang)》而(er)言,僅(jin)卷48“諸心痛門(men)”以(yi)(yi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you):沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)散3首(shou)(shou)、沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸(wan)1首(shou)(shou)、木(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)散6首(shou)(shou)、木(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸(wan)6首(shou)(shou)、丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸(wan)1首(shou)(shou);《圣濟總錄》卷56“心痛門(men)”以(yi)(yi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)煮散、木(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)湯(tang)、豆蔻(kou)湯(tang)、丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)湯(tang)、沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)散等(deng)31方(fang)(fang)(fang)次(ci),計應用香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)8種。《太(tai)平惠民和(he)劑局方(fang)(fang)(fang)》是宋(song)(song)代政府和(he)劑局的成藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)配本(ben),書中以(yi)(yi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)不下(xia)30余種,其中有(you)(you)不少名(ming)(ming)方(fang)(fang)(fang),眾(zhong)所周知的蘇合(he)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸(wan)、至寶丹、牛黃清心丸(wan)等(deng)便(bian)是。蘇合(he)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸(wan)中15味(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)就有(you)(you)13味(wei)是進(jin)口藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),至今蘇合(he)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)丸(wan)對于(yu)中風(feng)所致的神(shen)志不清、牙關緊閉(bi)、半身不遂等(deng)重癥有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯療(liao)效(xiao)。其間,大食醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家及(ji)(ji)學者功不可沒。

宋代(dai)在社會(hui)上(shang)廣用(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)料(liao)(liao)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)薰衣(yi)、焚(fen)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、啖香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)際,禮尚(shang)往來亦常以香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)作為(wei)(wei)饋贈佳品,用(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)配制的(de)藥(yao)茶(cha)甚(shen)至一(yi)度成為(wei)(wei)社會(hui)生活中(zhong)的(de)時尚(shang)。皇權(quan)貴族(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)間也(ye)視藥(yao)茶(cha)為(wei)(wei)饋贈佳品。民(min)(min)間百姓們不僅(jin)用(yong)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藥(yao)治病,而(er)且也(ye)用(yong)于消毒。泉州(zhou)有香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)料(liao)(liao)文獻記載:“蕃(fan)藥(yao)能治冷氣,醫學多(duo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)……,泉人每歲家無貧(pin)富(fu),皆(jie)燃之(zhi)(zhi)如燔柴”。現代(dai)研究,燃燒香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)料(liao)(liao),對(dui)于防止(zhi)傳染病傳播和擴(kuo)散有一(yi)定作用(yong)。這種(zhong)習俗,自古至今,不僅(jin)在回民(min)(min)中(zhong)間流行,在閩南地區其他民(min)(min)族(zu)中(zhong)也(ye)同(tong)樣流行。

元(yuan)代(dai)一(yi)(yi)統(tong)天(tian)下(xia),將國內民(min)族分為四等,即(ji)蒙古人(ren)(ren)(ren)、色(se)目人(ren)(ren)(ren)、漢(han)人(ren)(ren)(ren)及南人(ren)(ren)(ren)。穆斯林(lin)則是色(se)目人(ren)(ren)(ren)中的主(zhu)要分子,他們往往與蒙古人(ren)(ren)(ren)享受同等待(dai)遇(yu),無(wu)論(lun)在(zai)(zai)法律上或(huo)事實上都優(you)于漢(han)人(ren)(ren)(ren),同時在(zai)(zai)元(yuan)代(dai)“回(hui)回(hui)”一(yi)(yi)名開始代(dai)替(ti)“大食人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,被(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們認(ren)為信仰伊斯蘭教者(zhe)的名稱。如(ru)此則為阿拉伯醫藥的廣泛深入(ru)傳播(bo)與興(xing)盛(sheng)打下(xia)了良好的政治基礎,且(qie)元(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)中國之后,繼續(xu)奉行南宋時的海外貿易政策,推行少數民(min)族醫藥共存的方針,回(hui)回(hui)醫藥在(zai)(zai)此得以(yi)興(xing)旺發達。

元初,在(zai)元朝政(zheng)府中設有相(xiang)應的醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)機構。元世祖即位后(hou)(hou)效法(fa)漢制在(zai)建立太醫(yi)(yi)院之后(hou)(hou),于至(zhi)元七年(nian)(公(gong)元1273年(nian))改回(hui)回(hui)愛薛所立京師(shi)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)院為(wei)廣(guang)惠(hui)司(si)(si)。據(ju)《元史·百官(guan)志》說:“廣(guang)惠(hui)司(si)(si)秩正三品,掌修制御用回(hui)回(hui)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)及和劑,以療諸宿衛士及在(zai)京孤寒者(zhe)”。至(zhi)元二(er)(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)(公(gong)元1291年(nian))先后(hou)(hou)在(zai)大(da)都、上都建立“回(hui)回(hui)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)院”;至(zhi)治(zhi)二(er)(er)年(nian)隸廣(guang)惠(hui)司(si)(si),定置達魯花赤一員(yuan)(yuan),大(da)使二(er)(er)員(yuan)(yuan),副使一員(yuan)(yuan)。

金元(yuan)之(zhi)際,西(xi)域技術之(zhi)士,醫家之(zhi)流多入仕(shi)于元(yuan),如愛薛、答里麻等。

由于(yu)元代(dai)統治者(zhe)對阿拉(la)伯藥物高度重視,元代(dai)阿拉(la)伯人在當時(shi)政府中的醫藥機(ji)構里占極大勢力(li)、廣惠(hui)司是回(hui)回(hui)醫家(jia)的大本營。

另外還有一(yi)(yi)些祖籍西域,生于中國,精(jing)通漢(han)、回醫(yi)藥的(de)學者(zhe),如元末(mo)著名(ming)學者(zhe)丁(ding)鶴年,為(wei)虔誠的(de)伊斯蘭教徒,工儒學,通奧(ao)義(yi),精(jing)詩(shi)律(lv),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)位善兼醫(yi)術的(de)人。又如元末(mo)明初杭州的(de)穆斯林(lin)大商人鄂(e)施(shi)(shi)曼(man)乃的(de)子(zi)孫(sun)曾(ceng)設立豪(hao)華的(de)私人醫(yi)院,取名(ming)“鄂(e)施(shi)(shi)曼(man)尼雅”,聘有回回醫(yi)生從(cong)職。陶(tao)宗儀《南村輟耕錄》所記(ji),不乏不知姓(xing)名(ming)的(de)回回醫(yi)官為(wei)百姓(xing)治病的(de)事例(li)。

金元之際醫(yi)學(xue)文化(hua)領域學(xue)術活躍,百(bai)家爭鳴(ming),中(zhong)醫(yi)界出現了金元四(si)大(da)學(xue)派,回(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)醫(yi)藥文化(hua)此時也發(fa)展(zhan)到鼎盛時期,涌現了與回(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)藥物院有關的、集阿拉伯醫(yi)藥學(xue)與中(zhong)國傳統醫(yi)學(xue)為一體,具(ju)有中(zhong)國回(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)特色的醫(yi)藥大(da)型綜合性醫(yi)著(zhu)《回(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)藥方》等(deng)專著(zhu)。

人物

回回藥方

《回(hui)回(hui)藥方》(以下(xia)簡稱《藥方》)。中國回(hui)族醫藥學大型綜(zong)合性典籍,未(wei)著撰(zhuan)人,紅格(ge)明抄本,原書36卷(juan)(juan),殘(can)存4卷(juan)(juan),現(xian)藏于北(bei)京(jing)圖書館。全(quan)文基本上用漢文記述(shu),并夾雜不(bu)少阿拉伯、波斯(si)藥物名(ming)稱術語的原文和音(yin)譯詞匯。現(xian)殘(can)存卷(juan)(juan)為(wei):目錄卷(juan)(juan)之下(xia)、卷(juan)(juan)12、卷(juan)(juan)30、卷(juan)(juan)34。

目錄卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)下包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)19至36據目錄可見(jian),卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)19為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)咳嗽(sou)(sou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)嗽(sou)(sou)、濕(shi)嗽(sou)(sou)、喘嗽(sou)(sou)、嗽(sou)(sou)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、嗽(sou)(sou)痰、肺經腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)嗽(sou)(sou)、說(shuo)治(zhi)(zhi)咳嗽(sou)(sou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)20為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)胸(xiong)(xiong)膈(ge)凝聚(ju)、胸(xiong)(xiong)膈(ge)熱(re)促、胸(xiong)(xiong)弱、胸(xiong)(xiong)疼痛、胸(xiong)(xiong)奄濁、胸(xiong)(xiong)冷(leng)濕(shi)、胸(xiong)(xiong)中生瘡(chuang)(chuang)、開胸(xiong)(xiong)膈(ge)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)21為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)腸(chang)風(feng)(feng)肚腹門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)腸(chang)風(feng)(feng)、腸(chang)中生瘡(chuang)(chuang)、腸(chang)中生蟲(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)22為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)痢門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)論、方及(ji)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)從遍身(shen)來的、胃經泄(xie)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)、腸(chang)經泄(xie)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)23為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嘔(ou)吐(tu)(tu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、痞(pi)證(zheng)(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、秘門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、勞(lao)瘵(zhai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、補(bu)益(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men);嘔(ou)吐(tu)(tu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)嘔(ou)吐(tu)(tu)、吐(tu)(tu)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)、泄(xie)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)、止(zhi)吐(tu)(tu)、止(zhi)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);痞(pi)證(zheng)(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)痞(pi)證(zheng)(zheng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);秘門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)臟腑不(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、能通(tong)(tong)(tong)小水類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);勞(lao)瘵(zhai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)勞(lao)熱(re)、勞(lao)蟲(chong)、勞(lao)嗽(sou)(sou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);補(bu)益(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)補(bu)益(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)24為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冷(leng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)一切(qie)(qie)熱(re)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冷(leng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)胸(xiong)(xiong)膈(ge)冷(leng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、胃經冷(leng)、一切(qie)(qie)冷(leng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)25為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)血(xue)(xue)(xue)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、時氣(qi)(qi)斑(ban)(ban)疹(zhen)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、瘧疾(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)、氣(qi)(qi)不(bu)依(yi)常度(du)、氣(qi)(qi)喘急等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)血(xue)(xue)(xue)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)治(zhi)(zhi)吐(tu)(tu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、能吐(tu)(tu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、下血(xue)(xue)(xue)、止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);時氣(qi)(qi)斑(ban)(ban)疹(zhen)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)時氣(qi)(qi)、斑(ban)(ban)疹(zhen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);瘧疾(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)瘧疾(ji)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)26為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)身(shen)體門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)身(shen)體肥瘦、身(shen)體疼痛、癍痕花繡(xiu)、治(zhi)(zhi)體氣(qi)(qi)、治(zhi)(zhi)生虱、手(shou)足等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)27為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黃病門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、蠱(gu)(gu)癥(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、積聚(ju)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),黃病門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)黃類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),蠱(gu)(gu)癥(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)蠱(gu)(gu)癥(zheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);積聚(ju)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)積聚(ju)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)28為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)腳氣(qi)(qi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、脫(tuo)(tuo)肛痔(zhi)漏(lou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、谷通(tong)(tong)(tong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。腳氣(qi)(qi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)身(shen)體疼痛腳氣(qi)(qi)、熱(re)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腳氣(qi)(qi)、冷(leng)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腳氣(qi)(qi)、寒濕(shi)腳氣(qi)(qi)、一切(qie)(qie)腳氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);脫(tuo)(tuo)肛痔(zhi)漏(lou)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)痔(zhi)瘡(chuang)(chuang)、腸(chang)風(feng)(feng)痔(zhi)漏(lou)、痔(zhi)風(feng)(feng)、脫(tuo)(tuo)肛等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);谷通(tong)(tong)(tong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)谷通(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)29為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雜(za)癥(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)論16條,方189首。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)30為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雜(za)癥(zheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),載方307首。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)31為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)婦(fu)人(ren)(ren)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、小兒眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。婦(fu)人(ren)(ren)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)婦(fu)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)內動(dong)靜、乳(ru)上癥(zheng)候、懷孕動(dong)靜、子宮(gong)癥(zheng)候、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);小兒眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)小兒眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)32為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瘡(chuang)(chuang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒、疬瘡(chuang)(chuang)、惡瘡(chuang)(chuang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)33為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瘡(chuang)(chuang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、疥癬門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瘡(chuang)(chuang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)疥瘡(chuang)(chuang)、甜瘡(chuang)(chuang)、疳瘡(chuang)(chuang)、癩瘡(chuang)(chuang)、臭瘡(chuang)(chuang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。疥癬門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)疥瘡(chuang)(chuang)、癬瘡(chuang)(chuang)、一切(qie)(qie)疥癬等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)34金瘡(chuang)(chuang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、折傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、針灸門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、湯(tang)(tang)火(huo)(huo)所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、棒(bang)瘡(chuang)(chuang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、治(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)齒所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。金瘡(chuang)(chuang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)刀(dao)箭(jian)所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、取箭(jian)頭(tou)刺(ci)簽等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);折傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)損、接骨、骨脫(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);針灸門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)灸各種癥(zheng)候類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);湯(tang)(tang)火(huo)(huo)所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)湯(tang)(tang)火(huo)(huo)所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);棒(bang)瘡(chuang)(chuang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)棒(bang)打傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);治(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)齒所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)治(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)齒咬傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)35為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蟲(chong)獸傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、辟(pi)蟲(chong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蟲(chong)獸所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蟲(chong)獸傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)論及(ji)說(shuo)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒物(wu)、辨驗何等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)毒物(wu)所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、解服藥(yao)毒、解眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蟲(chong)獸所傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);辟(pi)蟲(chong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)辟(pi)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蟲(chong)、辟(pi)惡物(wu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)36為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)修合(he)藥(yao)餌門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、修合(he)諸般馬準(zhun)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)香湯(tang)(tang)煎門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、活物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)病門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)花果菜治(zhi)(zhi)病門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。修合(he)藥(yao)餌門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)論及(ji)制藥(yao)法(fa),相合(he)藥(yao)法(fa)、比量(liang)用藥(yao)、說(shuo)造良方。藥(yao)性期度(du)、藥(yao)餌分兩等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);修合(he)諸般馬準(zhun)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)論及(ji)方87首(均(jun)已分見(jian)各門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men));眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)香湯(tang)(tang)煎門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)湯(tang)(tang)藥(yao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);活物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)病門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)活物(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)病類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei);眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)花果菜治(zhi)(zhi)病門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果物(wu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菜類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)花物(wu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。

從上述部分藥目錄(lu)所涉及的病種門類(lei)可(ke)(ke)以看出,《藥方》是一部包括內、外、婦、兒、骨傷、皮膚等科,內容豐(feng)富的中國回族醫學方書。從現(xian)存3卷(juan)所載方劑(ji)看,全書所載可(ke)(ke)能達,6000~7000首之多。其系統性、綜合(he)性不亞(ya)于中醫古(gu)籍(ji)《外臺秘要》。

《藥方》以敘方為(wei)主,方論結(jie)合,回(hui)回(hui)藥物與傳統(tong)中(zhong)藥并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。據統(tong)計《藥方》殘(can)卷常用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥259種,明顯屬于(yu)海藥并(bing)注明中(zhong)文名稱者有61種;沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)阿(a)拉伯(bo)藥名。從《藥方》中(zhong)所載方劑來看,無明顯君、臣、佐、使之配伍。據研(yan)究,《藥方》不僅與阿(a)拉伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)有根深的(de)(de)淵源關系(xi),而且突出特色(se),東西合壁。在藥物劑型的(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)方面,既(ji)有中(zhong)國式(shi)的(de)(de)丸、散、膏、湯,又(you)保存(cun)有阿(a)拉伯(bo)式(shi)的(de)(de)芳香揮(hui)發藥、滴鼻劑、露酒劑、油劑,糖漿劑;有些醫(yi)(yi)(yi)方的(de)(de)臨(lin)床應用(yong)(yong)(yong)如菖(chang)蒲煎劑治(zhi)療中(zhong)風等,又(you)是(shi)借鑒了中(zhong)國傳統(tong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)經驗并(bing)和(he)回(hui)回(hui)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥相結(jie)合的(de)(de)一種用(yong)(yong)(yong)法。《藥方》有它自己(ji)獨(du)特的(de)(de)思想體系(xi),反映了成書(shu)時代中(zhong)國回(hui)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)疾(ji)病認識在理論上(shang)已較(jiao)成熟,這(zhe)種理論既(ji)保存(cun)有阿(a)拉伯(bo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)特征(zheng),也有中(zhong)國傳統(tong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)成份。

《藥方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)》內容之廣,涉(she)及臨床多科(ke),同時在治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)上也較豐富(fu),對(dui)有(you)些疾病則采(cai)用內外并(bing)治(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)然(ran)《藥方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)》的治(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)中除了阿(a)拉伯醫學(xue)的治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)經驗外,其中也不(bu)乏(fa)傳統中醫的治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)以及民間(jian)驗方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。值(zhi)得一(yi)提的是(shi)許多方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)特別(bie)是(shi)一(yi)些外治(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)及其對(dui)骨(gu)傷(shang)科(ke)的論治(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)備了時代(dai)的先(xian)進性。如《藥方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)》中對(dui)頭(tou)部(bu)外傷(shang)的診斷,是(shi)根據組織損傷(shang)程度(du)劃(hua)分的,并(bing)分別(bie)使用不(bu)同的方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)。對(dui)外傷(shang)腫脹不(bu)退(tui),且(qie)并(bing)發(fa)全身癥狀者,主張作“十字”切開(kai),排膿引(yin)流。對(dui)顱骨(gu)下膿腫,采(cai)用鉆孔鋸開(kai)的開(kai)顱方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)等,在今(jin)天看來尚(shang)且(qie)合理。

《藥(yao)方(fang)》“折傷(shang)門”、“針灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)門”之(zhi)(zhi)論述(shu)較全面。“折傷(shang)門”基本上包括(kuo)了(le)古今(jin)骨(gu)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)內容(rong),包括(kuo)了(le)軟組織損(sun)傷(shang)、骨(gu)傷(shang)及(ji)關節(jie)脫(tuo)臼,并從理論上闡述(shu)了(le)這(zhe)些(xie)損(sun)傷(shang)的(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)、發生(sheng)機制、診(zhen)斷和治療方(fang)法(fa)(fa),對(dui)一(yi)些(xie)合并癥也作(zuo)了(le)相應的(de)(de)介(jie)紹。從而(er)(er)反(fan)映了(le)14世(shi)紀時期中(zhong)(zhong)國骨(gu)傷(shang)科(ke)(ke)診(zhen)療水平(ping)發展成就(jiu)。在今(jin)天看來,“折傷(shang)門”中(zhong)(zhong)許多內容(rong)仍有臨(lin)床(chuang)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值。“針灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)門”實(shi)為專(zhuan)論灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)罕論針,所論灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)有三種情況,即艾(ai)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、藥(yao)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、烙灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),以烙灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)所占(zhan)篇幅最(zui)長,尤為詳述(shu),其(qi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)為阿拉伯(bo)醫學(xue)的(de)(de)燒烙法(fa)(fa)。在書中(zhong)(zhong)烙灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)適應癥被分為16等(deng),涉及(ji)范(fan)圍很(hen)廣,包括(kuo)了(le)內科(ke)(ke)、外科(ke)(ke)、眼(yan)科(ke)(ke)、傷(shang)科(ke)(ke)、皮膚等(deng)多種疾(ji)病,其(qi)病因(yin)(yin)多與(yu)體(ti)內惡液(ye)有關,具體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)是采用(yong)(yong)多種器(qi)械、燒烙皮膚,令其(qi)破損(sun)、潰爛(lan)、流(liu)(liu)膿,而(er)(er)不能(neng)早用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)肌收口之(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao),必(bi)令其(qi)膿外流(liu)(liu),則體(ti)內之(zhi)(zhi)惡液(ye)因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)排出,然后施(shi)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)肌收口的(de)(de)藥(yao),使之(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)復。《藥(yao)方(fang)》中(zhong)(zhong)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)雖然以烙灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)為主體(ti),也確實(shi)帶有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)阿拉伯(bo)醫學(xue)特(te)色,但(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)醫特(te)有的(de)(de)艾(ai)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)在書中(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)及(ji)烙灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)針灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)穴位,這(zhe)說明《藥(yao)方(fang)》的(de)(de)灸(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)法(fa)(fa)體(ti)現(xian)了(le)共同(tong)的(de)(de)醫學(xue)特(te)色。

海藥本草

《海(hai)藥(yao)(yao)本草(cao)(cao)》。作者為唐末五代時的(de)(de)李(li)珣(xun)。祖籍波(bo)斯(si),又名李(li)波(bo)斯(si),善(shan)詩。曾(ceng)幾代定居長安西市一帶,以賣(mai)藥(yao)(yao)為生,《海(hai)藥(yao)(yao)本草(cao)(cao)》收藥(yao)(yao)124種,大(da)多數來自波(bo)斯(si)等地(di)及南(nan)海(hai)諸地(di)區,因此為回(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)根基的(de)(de)一部分,對中醫(yi)學的(de)(de)發展也曾(ceng)有(you)過(guo)作用(yong)。有(you)醫(yi)學專(zhuan)家指出,在唐末五代時在民(min)族醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)史上有(you)突出貢(gong)獻的(de)(de)書籍首推《海(hai)藥(yao)(yao)本草(cao)(cao)》。它還補(bu)充(chong)了(le)《神農本草(cao)(cao)》《名醫(yi)別錄》 《唐本草(cao)(cao)》 《食(shi)療本草(cao)(cao)》《本草(cao)(cao)拾遺》等不足,且糾正(zheng)了(le)前(qian)著的(de)(de)一些錯記(ji),豐富了(le)中國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)物學,是回(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)醫(yi)學的(de)(de)重要基礎(chu)與典籍。

飲膳正要

《飲膳(shan)(shan)正(zheng)(zheng)要》。本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)是我國(guo)(guo)第一部營(ying)養學(xue)專著,成書(shu)(shu)(shu)于元(yuan)代天歷三(san)年(公元(yuan)1330年)。作者忽(hu)思(si)慧(又作和斯輝),史書(shu)(shu)(shu)無載。從本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)序文和進(jin)書(shu)(shu)(shu)表來看,是元(yuan)仁宗時的宮廷飲膳(shan)(shan)太醫,舊(jiu)說是蒙(meng)古族醫家。這部書(shu)(shu)(shu)初(chu)刊后,明清兩代多次(ci)翻刻,但因(yin)屢遭兵災,已散(san)佚(yi)不(bu)多。書(shu)(shu)(shu)中配方多以(yi)羊(yang)肉為(wei)主料(liao),“聚珍異撰”第一方馬(ma)思(si)答吉(ji)(ji)湯,《本(ben)草綱目(mu)(mu)·菜部》蒔(shi)蘿(luo)條附(fu)馬(ma)思(si)答吉(ji)(ji)注(zhu):“元(yuan)時飲膳(shan)(shan)用之,云極香(xiang)料(liao)也。不(bu)知(zhi)何況(kuang),故(gu)附(fu)之。”書(shu)(shu)(shu)中多引(yin)用回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)豆子(zi)、回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)蔥(cong)(cong)、回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)青、回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)小油。許多食品冠以(yi)“胡(hu)(hu)(hu)”字,如胡(hu)(hu)(hu)蔥(cong)(cong)、胡(hu)(hu)(hu)麻、胡(hu)(hu)(hu)椒、胡(hu)(hu)(hu)荽等。以(yi)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)蔥(cong)(cong)為(wei)例,《本(ben)草綱目(mu)(mu)》指出:“元(yuan)人《飲膳(shan)(shan)正(zheng)(zheng)要》作回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)蔥(cong)(cong),似言自胡(hu)(hu)(hu)地,故(gu)曰胡(hu)(hu)(hu)蔥(cong)(cong)耳(er)”。《洛陽伽蘭記·城南(nan)》記:“獅(shi)子(zi)者,波斯國(guo)(guo)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)王所獻(xian)也”。可見大量配方是信(xin)仰(yang)伊(yi)斯蘭教(jiao)的民族和國(guo)(guo)家飲食療法所用。將《飲膳(shan)(shan)正(zheng)(zheng)要》推(tui)論為(wei)“兼通蒙(meng)漢(han)醫學(xue)”的太醫所撰,看來根據(ju)不(bu)足。

瑞竹堂方

《瑞竹堂(tang)經驗(yan)方》 (下稱《瑞竹堂(tang)方》)。原著在明(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)葉后國(guo)(guo)內已失傳,但書(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)許多內容則散見于國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)(wai)許多醫(yi)藥文(wen)獻,其(qi)原序兩(liang)則及(ji)清明(ming)兩(liang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)若干輯佚和(he)(he)抄本(ben),分別在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)日(ri)本(ben)有關部門(men)和(he)(he)私家珍(zhen)藏,作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)及(ji)成(cheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)(wai)專家爭(zheng)論不一,清乾隆(long)年(nian)間修纂(zuan)的(de)《四庫全書(shu)(shu)(shu)》曾將明(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)《永(yong)樂大典》中(zhong)(zhong)本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)散在內容搜采編輯為5卷24門(men)。集得(de)內、外(wai)(wai)、婦、兒(er)、眼、齒(chi)、調補、美容等科效方170余首。當時“計亡闕已十(shi)之五六”,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)研究院現藏有清代(dai)(dai)(dai)《抄本(ben)瑞竹堂(tang)經驗(yan)方》及(ji)仿明(ming)刻日(ri)刊本(ben)《瑞竹堂(tang)經驗(yan)方》,有的(de)專家認為本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)肯定(ding)是回(hui)回(hui)醫(yi)家,其(qi)名為沙(sha)圖穆蘇(su)·薩(sa)謙齋(zhai),官(guan)至元(yuan)朝御(yu)史兼太(tai)守。其(qi)成(cheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)不晚于泰定(ding)三年(nian)(公元(yuan)1327年(nian)),陳垣先生在其(qi)名著《勵耕書(shu)(shu)(shu)屋叢刊·元(yuan)西域人(ren)華(hua)化考》中(zhong)(zhong)早已經將本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)考證為“華(hua)化”了的(de)回(hui)。

清代《抄本瑞竹堂經驗方(fang)(fang)》現亡闕者多(duo),但明(ming)刻(ke)日(ri)刊本可能近《瑞竹堂方(fang)(fang)》原帙。此(ci)日(ri)刊本按明(ming)刻(ke)分15卷,每卷1門(men)(men),集方(fang)(fang)300余首(shou),即諸(zhu)風門(men)(men)、心氣(qi)痛門(men)(men)、疝氣(qi)門(men)(men)、積滯(zhi)門(men)(men)、痰(tan)飲門(men)(men)、喘(chuan)嗽門(men)(men)、滋補門(men)(men)、瀉痢門(men)(men)、頭面(mian)口(kou)(kou)眼門(men)(men)、耳(er)鼻門(men)(men)、發口(kou)(kou)門(men)(men)、咽喉門(men)(men)、雜(za)治(zhi)(zhi)門(men)(men)、瘡腫門(men)(men)、婦女門(men)(men)、兒門(men)(men)。該書用香藥較多(duo),書中記載的懸吊水桶淋浴式(shi)是回(hui)族自古以來獨特的衛生傳統習(xi)慣(guan),另有(you)治(zhi)(zhi)急氣(qi)疼方(fang)(fang)、治(zhi)(zhi)惡(e)瘡方(fang)(fang)、治(zhi)(zhi)疔瘡方(fang)(fang)在其(qi)方(fang)(fang)名上(shang)標有(you)“海(hai)上(shang)方(fang)(fang)”等(deng)字樣,還有(you)的驗方(fang)(fang)特別(bie)強調忌馬、驢、豬(zhu)肉等(deng)。

回回藥方

回(hui)回(hui)藥(yao)(yao)方以敘方為主,方論結合(he),回(hui)回(hui)藥(yao)(yao)方與傳統中藥(yao)(yao)并用。

據統(tong)計《回(hui)回(hui)藥方(fang)(fang)》殘卷常用藥259種,明顯(xian)屬于海藥,其(qi)中(zhong)注(zhu)明中(zhong)文(wen)名稱沿用阿(a)拉(la)伯藥名的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)61種。從回(hui)回(hui)藥方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)記載的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)劑(ji)來看,無明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)君、臣、佐、使之配(pei)伍,在(zai)藥物劑(ji)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用方(fang)(fang)面,既(ji)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)式的(de)(de)(de)“丸(wan)、散、膏、湯”,又(you)保(bao)存了阿(a)拉(la)伯“芳(fang)香揮發(fa)藥、滴鼻(bi)劑(ji)、露酒劑(ji)、油劑(ji)、糖漿劑(ji)”,有(you)(you)些(xie)醫(yi)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)床(chuang)應用如(ru)菖莆煎劑(ji),治療(liao)中(zhong)風等,借(jie)鑒了中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)醫(yi)藥學經驗(yan)并(bing)(bing)和回(hui)回(hui)醫(yi)藥相結(jie)合(he)。“回(hui)回(hui)藥方(fang)(fang)”有(you)(you)它自己獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)思想體系而(er)且(qie)內容廣泛,涉及臨(lin)床(chuang)多科,同(tong)時,在(zai)治療(liao)方(fang)(fang)法上也(ye)(ye)較豐富,對(dui)有(you)(you)些(xie)疾病(bing)采用內外并(bing)(bing)治。因(yin)此,回(hui)回(hui)藥方(fang)(fang)反映了中(zhong)國(guo)回(hui)醫(yi)藥對(dui)疾病(bing)認識在(zai)理論(lun)上已較成熟,這種理論(lun)既(ji)保(bao)存有(you)(you)阿(a)拉(la)伯醫(yi)學的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征,也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)傳統(tong)醫(yi)學的(de)(de)(de)成分。

回藥應用

在長期(qi)的醫療實踐(jian)中,逐步(bu)形成了很(hen)多治療各(ge)種(zhong)疾病的回回藥方,民(min)間回族群(qun)眾經常(chang)用來治療一些常(chang)見病,舉例 如下(xia):

1主治功能:養胃(wei)散寒,緩急止痛,健(jian)胃(wei)消脹止疼。處方組成:乳香、篳撥、高良姜(jiang)、肉(rou)豆蔻、丁香、砂仁、沉香。共研細粉用黑白(bai)糖攪拌,一日兩次早晚服用。

2主(zhu)治功能(neng):補腎活血,利水消(xiao)腫,消(xiao)渴(ke)蠱(gu)病,腎囊流水。

處方(fang)組成:大(da)麥(mai)面(mian)、香附子、石堿、牛糞(fen),共研(yan)細粉用玫瑰(gui)水和(he)醋調(diao)和(he)攪(jiao)拌(ban)而成,用布袋包上貼(tie)腹(fu)部(bu)。一(yi)日(ri)一(yi)次連貼(tie)三至五日(ri)有好(hao)轉。

3香茸湯

主(zhu)治(zhi)功能:腎(shen)陽(yang)(yang)虛,陽(yang)(yang)痿早泄(xie),補(bu)腎(shen)壯陽(yang)(yang),滋補(bu)肝腎(shen)。

處方組成:沉(chen)香、鹿茸、枸杞、山芋肉。開水煎服一(yi)日一(yi)劑煎三次(ci)服用(yong)。

4四合湯

主(zhu)治功能:祛風散寒,通(tong)絡止痛,惡(e)吐,頭(tou)疼(頭(tou)昏,頭(tou)暈(yun))周身關節疼痛。

處方組成:丁香(xiang)、地(di)蕉、茯茶、高良姜(jiang)。(如有咳嗽,加苦杏仁、花(hua)椒(jiao),為六合湯(tang))。開水煎湯(tang)后放黑(hei)白糖服用一至兩碗(wan)。

配制,用紅(hong)線捆(kun)扎手(shou)指(左(zuo)三右四)拿針放淤血(xue)(xue),然后發汗痊愈)。放血(xue)(xue)療法是現代(dai)醫學的清血(xue)(xue)解毒消炎。

特色診療

中(zhong)國回族在(zai)一千多年的(de)與疾病作(zuo)斗爭的(de)過程中(zhong),不但形成(cheng)了(le)獨特(te)的(de)回族醫藥理論(lun)體系(xi),而且形成(cheng)了(le)至今(jin)尚存(cun)在(zai)的(de)獨特(te)的(de)民間(jian)療法。而民間(jian)療法又可分外治法、內治法。

(一)外治法

1.刺法(包括放血砭法及火針)

眉心放血法:回族群(qun)眾俗(su)稱(cheng)挑頭(tou)(tou)。術者(zhe)端坐(zuo)患者(zhe)對(dui)側(ce),用(yong)左右兩拇(mu)指由眉心(印堂穴)由內向外按捋三次,再用(yong)拇(mu)指食指揪起眉心,針刺(ci)放血(所(suo)用(yong)工具為(wei)一般(ban)縫衣針,下同)。此法適用(yong)于風寒(han)(han)感冒、頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)、身(shen)痛(tong)、前(qian)額痛(tong)、畏寒(han)(han)等證。

太陽(yang)穴放血(xue)法(fa):術者用拇(mu)(mu)指由前額向外捋三次(ci),然后用拇(mu)(mu)指同食指揪起太陽(yang)穴處皮(pi)膚,用針刺(ci)出血(xue)少許。此法(fa)適用于感冒頭(tou)痛、寒熱(re)往來、血(xue)瘀頭(tou)痛、高血(xue)壓頭(tou)痛等(deng)。

腘(guo)(guo)窩(wo)放血(xue)法(fa):患者(zhe)背向醫者(zhe)直立,暴露腘(guo)(guo)窩(wo)部。術(shu)者(zhe)先用手掌擊其腘(guo)(guo)窩(wo)。暴露腘(guo)(guo)窩(wo)處表淺(qian)靜脈。在腘(guo)(guo)窩(wo)中(zhong)線外(相當委(wei)中(zhong)穴),用針刺出血(xue)少許。此法(fa)主治風寒感冒、身(shen)痛、腰痛及腹(fu)痛等癥。

肘窩(wo)放血(xue)(xue)法:暴露肘部(bu)后,術者由上臂向下捋三次,然后用一物緊束(shu)上臂,待(dai)肘部(bu)血(xue)(xue)管怒張。在肘部(bu)靜脈處(相當(dang)曲池(chi)穴)放血(xue)(xue)。此法主治風寒感冒、肢體疼痛、身(shen)痛等證。

中指(zhi)放血(xue)法:用一(yi)根紅線緊束患者中指(zhi)。術者在中指(zhi)指(zhi)甲上一(yi)韭葉處(chu)或指(zhi)端(duan)放血(xue)。此法主治(zhi)風寒感冒、小兒(er)客忤驚風、婦人(ren)癔病。

外耳(er)廓(kuo)放(fang)(fang)血法:病人(ren)背術者坐位,將耳(er)廓(kuo)外側暴露(lu)。術者用手固定耳(er)廓(kuo),暴露(lu)耳(er)廓(kuo)小(xiao)靜脈(mo),取其(qi)上(shang)三(san)分(fen)之一(yi)處(chu),用砭石(或(huo)瓷器鈍片),輕刺小(xiao)靜脈(mo)血,視其(qi)病情輕重以定其(qi)放(fang)(fang)血量。此法主治咽部紅腫充血、扁桃體炎(yan)(yan)、口瘡及皮膚疥癬(xian)、神(shen)經性皮炎(yan)(yan)等(deng)。

內迎(ying)香放血法:取一銳利竹簽,放入病人鼻翼(yi)內0.5公分處,緊貼鼻翼(yi)。術者用食指猛(meng)彈鼻翼(yi)使其出血少許。此法主治急性眼炎、紅(hong)眼、咽(yan)炎、咽(yan)部充(chong)血等證。

關(guan)節扭傷血(xue)腫放血(xue)法:如關(guan)節扭傷跌打(da)(da)局(ju)部(bu)血(xue)腫,回(hui)族(zu)民間常用局(ju)部(bu)放血(xue),配合拔火(huo)罐,拔除瘀(yu)血(xue),也(ye)有(you)用小兒(er)童尿(niao)洗之以活其血(xue)。(按《醫林纂(zuan)要(yao)》便溺:凡跌打(da)(da)血(xue)悶欲(yu)死,灌此(ci)即蘇,新(xin)產(chan)和酒飲之。可免血(xue)瘀(yu)上攻,血(xue)瘀(yu)作痛(tong),此(ci)皆咸以散瘀(yu)。見效甚速(su)者。《本(ben)草(cao)思(si)辯錄》……折傷跌打(da)(da)有(you)靈(ling)驗)。

火針刺(ci)法:方(fang)法是(shi)用一縫(feng)衣針在(zai)油燈(deng)或酒精上(shang)燒紅,在(zai)一定的(de)部位針刺(ci)。常刺(ci)的(de)部位有(you)大椎(zhui)穴、中脘穴。治療急性(xing)(xing)胃(wei)炎、胃(wei)痙攣、膽道蛔蟲。有(you)時也在(zai)急性(xing)(xing)淋巴管炎上(shang)端挑刺(ci)。

2.拔法:回族民間常(chang)用陶器火罐,用紙點(dian)燃,投入其中,以行拔法。所(suo)拔部(bu)位多(duo)在(zai)前額、太陽穴、背部(bu)、腰部(bu)、上腹部(bu)。主(zhu)治(zhi)頭痛(tong)、胃痛(tong)、腰痛(tong)、背痛(tong)等,也(ye)(ye)有結(jie)(jie)合(he)放血(xue)療法者。對(dui)于膿(nong)腫已潰(kui)、結(jie)(jie)核瘺(lou)管膿(nong)液也(ye)(ye)有使(shi)用,達到提(ti)膿(nong)的目(mu)的。

3.挑法:挑法是指挑四(si)縫(feng)及挑羊毛(mao)療。挑四(si)縫(feng):是在(zai)小兒(er)手(shou)指第二(er)關節內側用針挑出(chu)少(shao)量(liang)黃色(se)粘液,主(zhu)治小兒(er)疳積、慢性(xing)(xing)消(xiao)化不(bu)良。挑羊毛(mao)療法:(羊毛(mao)療相當于急(ji)性(xing)(xing)胃(wei)(wei)痙攣(luan),急(ji)性(xing)(xing)膽囊炎等(deng)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)腹痛(tong)癥狀)。方法是先用銅錢(qian)沾(zhan)麻油或用一小盤邊緣光滑側在(zai)病人(ren)背(bei)部兩側刮。待(dai)背(bei)部出(chu)現輕度瘀血征(zheng)象,用縫(feng)衣針針孔端在(zai)背(bei)上點(dian)。發(fa)現異樣(yang)小點(dian),用針尖挑起皮膚及皮下筋膜(mo)。亦有用小刀割之的。主(zhu)治急(ji)性(xing)(xing)胃(wei)(wei)炎、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)胃(wei)(wei)痙攣(luan)、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)膽絞痛(tong)等(deng)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)腹痛(tong)癥。

4.吹(chui)法(fa)(fa):吹(chui)法(fa)(fa)包括吹(chui)杜(du)爾精神(shen)療(liao)法(fa)(fa)(宗教(jiao)名稱)及吹(chui)藥(yao)兩種方法(fa)(fa)。吹(chui)杜(du)爾精神(shen)療(liao)法(fa)(fa):方法(fa)(fa)是用(yong)(yong)一(yi)潔凈蓋碗由阿(a)訇(hong)(宗教(jiao)人士(shi))在碗壁上寫(xie)上經字(阿(a)文),放入(ru)茶(cha)葉(xie)(或(huo)相應的用(yong)(yong)中藥(yao)加工的茶(cha)葉(xie))沖入(ru)開水。由阿(a)訇(hong)誦讀經文及吹(chui)氣入(ru)碗讓病(bing)人飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)。主治(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)些精神(shen)性病(bing)患,此法(fa)(fa)有精神(shen)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)作用(yong)(yong)。吹(chui)藥(yao)法(fa)(fa):將血(xue)余炭吹(chui)入(ru)鼻腔用(yong)(yong)于止血(xue)。用(yong)(yong)皂角粉吹(chui)鼻治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)中風昏(hun)迷。

5.捏(nie)(nie)法(fa):捏(nie)(nie)法(fa)包(bao)括(kuo)捏(nie)(nie)人(ren)(ren)中穴(xue)及捏(nie)(nie)脊(ji)(ji)。掐人(ren)(ren)中:方法(fa)是用拇指甲緊(jin)捏(nie)(nie)患者(zhe)人(ren)(ren)中穴(xue)。主治休克、虛脫、昏迷或癔病(bing)氣厥。掐脊(ji)(ji)也叫(jiao)捏(nie)(nie)脊(ji)(ji):方法(fa)是在髂脊(ji)(ji)與肩胛之間分三等分,揪起皮膚由下部(bu)向上(shang)部(bu)捻捏(nie)(nie),每至一份處,向上(shang)提(ti)三下。反復(fu)三次,用雙手搓5~10分鐘。此法(fa)用于小(xiao)兒疳積。消瘦、食少、面色(se)萎黃(huang)等證(zheng)。

6、熏(xun)(xun)法:包括醋(cu)熏(xun)(xun)法及藥(yao)(yao)熏(xun)(xun)法兩種。醋(cu)熏(xun)(xun)法:取(qu)老陳醋(cu)半碗(wan),放(fang)在病人(ren)鼻邊,取(qu)紅炭火一塊(kuai),速投入醋(cu)中(zhong),使醋(cu)熏(xun)(xun)發之氣味,沖入患者鼻內。主治昏厥、癔病氣厥。藥(yao)(yao)熏(xun)(xun)法:回族民間習慣用(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)礬、花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)熏(xun)(xun)洗陰(yin)部,治陰(yin)部寒(han)濕(shi)病。用(yong)(yong)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)、艾葉洗瘡(chuang)。用(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)草煎水(shui)洗下肢,治肢體疼痛。用(yong)(yong)西(xi)河柳,芫荽、紅布洗身透疹(zhen)等。

7.敷(fu)法(fa):有熱(re)(re)敷(fu)法(fa)及冷敷(fu)法(fa)。回族用(yong)醋糟(zao)加(jia)入小茴香或(huo)用(yong)清鹽在(zai)鍋內(nei)炒熱(re)(re),裝入布袋熱(re)(re)敷(fu)腹(fu)部(bu)治療小腹(fu)寒(han)(han)痛、寒(han)(han)疝(谷稱(cheng)偏墜)。也有用(yong)磚(zhuan)或(huo)布鞋底烤熱(re)(re)作熱(re)(re)敷(fu)使用(yong)的(de)(de)。冷敷(fu)法(fa)在(zai)鼻(bi)出血、高熱(re)(re)時(shi)用(yong)冷毛巾(jin)敷(fu)頭額。回族少女有扎(zha)耳(er)眼的(de)(de)習慣,扎(zha)耳(er)眼時(shi)用(yong)冰(bing)做寒(han)(han)冷麻醉,有止(zhi)血止(zhi)痛作用(yong)。

8.點(dian)咽(yan)滴鼻洗(xi)眼(yan)法:回族(zu)民間治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)咽(yan)部炎癥、懸雍垂水腫可用筷子(zi)蘸燒鹽(yan)(即青(qing)鹽(yan)火煅)點(dian)于咽(yan)部。用雞蛋黃(huang)油(you)(you)點(dian)鼻,治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)鼻粘膜(mo)干燥癥,用蒼耳油(you)(you)點(dian)鼻治(zhi)(zhi)鼻炎,用柳葉、金銀(yin)花(hua)、白菊(ju)花(hua)煎水點(dian)洗(xi)眼(yan)治(zhi)(zhi)急(ji)性結膜(mo)炎等。

9.涂(tu)抹(mo)法:涂(tu)抹(mo)法是抹(mo)藥(yao)結合藥(yao)敷的一(yi)種(zhong)治(zhi)法,常(chang)(chang)用有以下幾(ji)種(zhong):①用五(wu)月端(duan)陽節蟾(chan)蜍一(yi)只,將墨錠一(yi)支由蟾(chan)蜍口(kou)裝入(ru)腹中,陰干(gan)備用。用時涂(tu)于患病處,對急性炎(yan)癥(zheng)紅腫(zhong),有止(zhi)痛消(xiao)腫(zhong)作用。②用花(hua)粉(fen)、白芷、綠豆共(gong)為細(xi)末;冷水調(diao)成(cheng)(cheng)糊(hu)狀,敷于患處。常(chang)(chang)用于面部炎(yan)癥(zheng)、青年痤瘡等(deng)。③用鮮蒲(pu)公英(ying)一(yi)兩搗成(cheng)(cheng)糊(hu)狀參入(ru)蛋清調(diao)敷患處。常(chang)(chang)用于治(zhi)療急性乳腺炎(yan)。

10.割法:即切(qie)除(chu)術。回族(zu)禮(li)習在男性(xing)青年(nian)婚前做包皮(pi)切(qie)除(chu)術(稱之做頌(song)乃悌)。

內治法

(二)內治法

回族民間偏方驗方有(you)個重要的特點,即“藥食(shi)同療”、“寓藥于食(shi)”,這與回人善烹調(diao),喜精作食(shi)品有(you)一(yi)定關(guan)系。

如以羊(yang)心(xin)(xin)朱(zhu)砂同(tong)用(yong)治(zhi)療(liao)心(xin)(xin)血不足之(zhi)失眠(mian)、心(xin)(xin)悸(ji)、震顫。方法是取新鮮羊(yang)心(xin)(xin)一(yi)個,朱(zhu)砂1克(ke)(擂(lei)細(xi))由羊(yang)心(xin)(xin)動靜脈孔(kong)內(nei)納入,用(yong)棉(mian)線(xian)縫(feng)其(qi)口,蒸熟(shu)(shu)或燉熟(shu)(shu),用(yong)時切成肉片每晚服半只(zhi)。本(ben)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)養血、鎮靜作用(yong)。用(yong)磚(zhuan)茶15克(ke),山楂(zha)15克(ke),紅(hong)(hong)糖20克(ke)共同(tong)炒焦(jiao)。沖水(shui)飲用(yong)治(zhi)療(liao)急性(xing)痢(li)疾、腹(fu)(fu)寒(han)腹(fu)(fu)痛(tong),有(you)(you)(you)止痢(li)、暖胃作用(yong)。用(yong)元肉30克(ke),大棗10克(ke),紅(hong)(hong)糖30克(ke),黑(hei)豆(dou)30克(ke)長期煎(jian)服治(zhi)療(liao)貧血、產后血虛,有(you)(you)(you)補血作用(yong)。用(yong)綠豆(dou)、蕎面(mian)等(deng)用(yong)清水(shui)調(diao)勻敷(fu)于(yu)瘡(chuang)瘍(yang)處治(zhi)療(liao)疔毒(du)(du)瘡(chuang)瘍(yang),有(you)(you)(you)拔毒(du)(du)法火清熱作用(yong)。用(yong)清油一(yi)兩熬沸,放入花椒15克(ke),炸枯。取油服用(yong),有(you)(you)(you)驅(qu)蟲(chong)安蛔潤腸通便作用(yong)。用(yong)于(yu)蛔蟲(chong)腹(fu)(fu)痛(tong)及蛔蟲(chong)引起腸梗阻。用(yong)麻油調(diao)入芒硝內(nei)服治(zhi)療(liao)便秘、食(shi)道(dao)(dao)炎、早期食(shi)道(dao)(dao)癌等(deng)有(you)(you)(you)通閉散結的作用(yong)。

回族民間的醫療(liao)經(jing)驗治療(liao)方法還很(hen)不完善,還是一個粗線條的,還需(xu)要進一發掘、整理。

(三)食療

回族人民(min)善烹調(diao),喜(xi)精做食(shi)(shi)品,在(zai)飲食(shi)(shi)上有本(ben)民(min)族的(de)獨特習慣,各(ge)種風味小(xiao)吃獨具風味。而(er)有些“食(shi)(shi)譜”“粥譜”“茶譜”就是很好的(de)保健食(shi)(shi)品,有明顯(xian)的(de)補氣補血、健脾開胃、補腎(shen)增精作用。

配方:羯羊(yang)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)1個,黃芪(qi)飲片(pian)60克,將(jiang)羯羊(yang)脖(bo)子(zi)(zi)放入適(shi)量冷(leng)水中(zhong)煮(zhu)沸(fei)。去除(chu)油(you)沫,先煮(zhu)半小時,將(jiang)黃芪(qi)飲片(pian)用(yong)紗布(bu)(bu)包(bao)好,放入鍋內同煮(zhu),待肉(rou)熟。亦可加(jia)姜、蔥、香(xiang)料。本品(pin)有補(bu)氣補(bu)血、扶(fu)贏愈瘡功效。用(yong)于病后氣虛(xu),大病之后。 鴿(ge)(ge)子(zi)(zi)燉三(san)七(qi):配方:鴿(ge)(ge)子(zi)(zi)(雛鴿(ge)(ge))1只,漢三(san)七(qi)10克。取活(huo)雛鴿(ge)(ge)1只宰(zai)殺,去除(chu)內臟(zang)洗凈,將(jiang)漢三(san)七(qi)粗粉布(bu)(bu)包(bao)放入雛鴿(ge)(ge)腹中(zhong),縫封,文(wen)火煮(zhu)熟,吃肉(rou)、飲湯(tang)。回族民間喜歡養鴿(ge)(ge),但不(bu)食成鴿(ge)(ge),這可能與宗教有關(guan),但對產后,手(shou)術(shu)后食用(yong)有補(bu)氣血,活(huo)血化瘀生新(xin)的作用(yong)。

金針木(mu)(mu)耳湯:配(pei)方:黃花(hua)(hua)(黃花(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)蕾)適量(liang)(liang),木(mu)(mu)耳適量(liang)(liang)。將黃花(hua)(hua)、木(mu)(mu)耳用(yong)(yong)溫水浸半小時使其(qi)軟化,去(qu)除泥(ni)土(tu)雜(za)質,加蔥、調(diao)料(liao),水適量(liang)(liang),做成湯菜。本品有治(zhi)氣虛麻木(mu)(mu)、高血(xue)(xue)壓、止血(xue)(xue)治(zhi)痔作用(yong)(yong)。

龍(long)眼黑(hei)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)大(da)(da)棗(zao)飲(yin):配方(fang):龍(long)眼肉15克,黑(hei)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)30克,大(da)(da)棗(zao)1枚,先(xian)將黑(hei)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)用(yong)水(shui)煮(zhu)熟(shu)留取豆(dou)(dou)(dou)汁。去(qu)除黑(hei)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)再(zai)加入棗(zao)煮(zhu)熟(shu)放(fang)入龍(long)眼肉微煮(zhu),成黑(hei)紅(hong)色藥飲(yin),每日1次。本品(pin)長久飲(yin)用(yong)有(you)補血(xue)安神作用(yong),對貧血(xue)、心悸、失眠有(you)較好療效(xiao)。

生姜燉(dun)烏雞(ji):配(pei)方:鮮生姜30克切成(cheng)薄片,以順序排列置(zhi)鍋(guo)(guo)底;小烏雞(ji)1只,去凈毛及內臟,破開雞(ji)胸(xiong),平鋪鍋(guo)(guo)中(zhong),加水適量(liang),慢火燉(dun)熟。本品(pin)有(you)補虛(xu)散(san)寒、安(an)神定志、催乳作(zuo)用,可做為慢性腎炎輔(fu)助療(liao)法。《別錄》有(you)“烏雄雞(ji)主(zhu)補中(zhong)止痛(tong)(tong)”。《食療(liao)本草》有(you)“黑雌(ci)雞(ji)。”“治反(fan)胃腹痛(tong)(tong),折骨痛(tong)(tong)、乳癰、安(an)胎”之說(shuo)。

鯽魚(yu)紅(hong)豆(dou)湯:配方:新鮮鯽魚(yu)一條約重(zhong)4兩,赤(chi)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)30克。先將(jiang)赤(chi)小(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)煮(zhu)至半熟。再將(jiang)鯽魚(yu)一條放(fang)入鍋(guo)內,加水(shui)及調料適量,微火燉(dun)熟即成。本品有補氣利水(shui)消(xiao)腫作(zuo)用(yong)。可作(zuo)急慢性腎(shen)炎(yan)的輔助療法。

止咳潤肺湯:配(pei)方:鮮冬梨一個(ge)切(qie)片(pian),青蘿卜60克切(qie)片(pian),冰糖適量(liang),蜂蜜適量(liang),川(chuan)貝母10克,加水適量(liang)微火燉熟(shu)。頻頻飲之。本品有(you)清肺化痰(tan)之功,對(dui)冬春肺燥咳嗽、老人痰(tan)多有(you)一定治療效果。

養生保健

回(hui)族(zu)保(bao)健(jian)(jian)與他們(men)的(de)生(sheng)活習俗有(you)密切關系(xi)。回(hui)回(hui)常飲用蓋碗(wan)茶,在茶葉中配上枸(gou)杞、紅棗、桂圓、核桃仁(ren)、葡萄干、果干、冰糖、芝(zhi)麻,名曰“八寶蓋碗(wan)茶”,此(ci)茶長期飲用具有(you)健(jian)(jian)脾益腎(shen)、提神明目(mu)、益氣養血(xue)、抗(kang)御風寒、強身(shen)健(jian)(jian)體的(de)作用。另外還(huan)喜(xi)歡(huan)油茶,將羊肉切碎,加油脂(zhi)炒(chao)熟,加面炒(chao)黃,加入蔥花鹽(yan)沫拌(ban)勻(yun)而制成之(zhi)。此(ci)茶可飲可食,攜帶方便(bian),便(bian)于儲藏,而且有(you)溫胃(wei)散寒,潤(run)腸、補(bu)脾、健(jian)(jian)胃(wei)、益腎(shen)之(zhi)功(gong)效(xiao)。

綜上所(suo)述(shu),中國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)統醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)在(zai)其發展(zhan)與完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中,借(jie)中國(guo)(guo)回(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)民(min)族(zu)之力(li),曾吸(xi)收融匯(hui)了阿拉(la)伯、波斯醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精華。而(er)(er)伊斯蘭醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)又是融匯(hui)了埃及、希臘、印(yin)度、阿拉(la)伯古代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)及中國(guo)(guo)古代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)精粹而(er)(er)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。由此看來,回(hui)(hui)(hui)回(hui)(hui)(hui)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)統醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)史(shi)(shi)上扮(ban)演了不可替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)角色(se)。現如今,在(zai)響應(ying)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)挖掘(jue)整理各種民(min)族(zu)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重大歷史(shi)(shi)機遇面前(qian),深(shen)入開(kai)展(zhan)回(hui)(hui)(hui)醫(yi)(yi)回(hui)(hui)(hui)藥(yao)研(yan)究(jiu)已(yi)變得極為迫切(qie)。作為回(hui)(hui)(hui)醫(yi)(yi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一分子,我(wo)們(men)有不可推卸(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任。我(wo)們(men)正(zheng)在(zai)拯救挖掘(jue),籌備回(hui)(hui)(hui)醫(yi)(yi)研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo),請廣(guang)大同行和關心回(hui)(hui)(hui)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)科學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友們(men)給(gei)予(yu)支持(chi)和幫助(zhu),讓回(hui)(hui)(hui)族(zu)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)重新煥(huan)發生(sheng)機,形(xing)成(cheng)具(ju)有民(min)族(zu)特色(se)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)文化和優勢產業,為人民(min)健(jian)康做出貢(gong)獻。

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