沉(chen)湖(hu)(hu)又名澄湖(hu)(hu)、鴛鴦(yang)湖(hu)(hu)。湖(hu)(hu)跨天(tian)門、漢(han)川(chuan)兩縣(xian),承(cheng)雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)420平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li),位(wei)于天(tian)門境內的承(cheng)雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)321平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li)。據清(qing)乾隆二(er)十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1761年(nian)(nian)(nian))齊(qi)召南《水(shui)道提綱》記(ji)載,沉(chen)湖(hu)(hu)長70里(li)(li),寬(kuan)20余里(li)(li)。清(qing)代以(yi)后,沉(chen)湖(hu)(hu)出泄受阻,水(shui)患不斷。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)挖剅河排水(shui)溝。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約18萬(wan)畝(mu),其中天(tian)門縣(xian)屬12萬(wan)畝(mu)。湖(hu)(hu)底高程最(zui)低為(wei)22,66米,一(yi)般年(nian)(nian)(nian)份(fen)水(shui)深1米左右。最(zui)高水(shui)位(wei)25.36米(1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)),最(zui)低水(shui)位(wei)23.19米(1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)),平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)位(wei)24.36米。
1959年,開挖沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)改道河,沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)漬(zi)水與華嚴湖(hu)(hu)水匯流后,北泄天門河南支。1967年,本(ben)縣再次疏導沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)改道河,局部(bu)圍(wei)墾(ken)(ken)沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)。1969-1970年冬,中國人民(min)解放軍武漢(han)部(bu)隊(dui)在本(ben)縣協助下,對沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)進行全(quan)面(mian)圍(wei)墾(ken)(ken),同時(shi)興建(jian)萬福閘大(da)型電力排(pai)水站(zhan)、劉家河電力排(pai)水站(zhan)及內部(bu)二級電動、機動排(pai)灌站(zhan)多(duo)處。沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)被圍(wei)成九個(ge)大(da)垸,由沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)軍墾(ken)(ken)農場經營。沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)南部(bu)、北部(bu)由本(ben)縣麻洋、馬灣(wan)區(qu)農民(min)圍(wei)墾(ken)(ken),至(zhi)此,沉(chen)(chen)湖(hu)(hu)全(quan)部(bu)消失。
原(yuan)是(shi)中國人民解放(fang)軍(jun)總后(hou)勤部(bu)(bu)(bu)基(ji)地,湖(hu)(hu)北較大的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)墾(ken)農場。位(wei)于天門(men)市(shi)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu),地處(chu)(chu)天門(men)、仙桃、漢川三市(shi)結(jie)合(he)部(bu)(bu)(bu),東(dong)距武(wu)漢90公里(li),南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)仙桃8公里(li),緊鄰漢宜鐵路上的(de)(de)(de)天門(men)南(nan)(nan)站。保持有原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)濕地風貌(mao),氣(qi)候適宜,水網密(mi)布(bu),物(wu)種豐富(fu),環境優美,具有獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)農業資源(yuan)和軍(jun)墾(ken)文化(hua)資源(yuan)。沉湖(hu)(hu)林木茂盛,鳥語花香,森林覆(fu)蓋率達40%。主(zhu)要特(te)色是(shi)軍(jun)墾(ken)河把沉湖(hu)(hu)與(yu)外界完全隔離,無(wu)(wu)人煙、無(wu)(wu)村落,內部(bu)(bu)(bu)十分(fen)靜謐,只有棲息的(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)活動。是(shi)野(ye)營(ying)探險、鄉(xiang)野(ye)體(ti)驗(yan)、田園(yuan)狩獵的(de)(de)(de)好去處(chu)(chu)。
沉湖林木茂(mao)盛(sheng),鳥語花香,森林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率達40%。軍墾(ken)河把沉湖與外界完(wan)全隔(ge)離,近4萬畝土(tu)地(di)無村落、無常居(ju)人口、無工(gong)業污染(ran)。
沉湖屬典型的亞熱帶(dai)氣候(hou),四季分(fen)明,氣候(hou)宜(yi)(yi)人(ren),年平均(jun)(jun)氣溫16.30C,無(wu)霜期254天,沉湖擁(yong)有(you)優質(zhi)一級土壤(rang),成(cheng)土母(mu)質(zhi)為湖沼沉積(ji)(ji)物(wu)和湖積(ji)(ji)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)物(wu),質(zhi)地為均(jun)(jun)質(zhi)中壤(rang),養(yang)分(fen)含量(liang)高(gao),具有(you)良好的保肥供肥性(xing)能,耕性(xing)好,適宜(yi)(yi)多種類植(zhi)生長。
沉湖(hu)(hu)(hu)本(ben)是一個(ge)自然(ran)(ran)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo),橫跨天門(men)(men)、漢川兩市。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區面積(ji)近(jin)200平方公(gong)里(li),其 中80%在天門(men)(men)境內,南(nan)與多祥鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、麻(ma)洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)接壤(rang),西與橫林(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)相望,北連(lian)古(gu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)干驛和全國內陸較大僑鄉馬灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),東為(wei)漢川市管轄。春天里(li),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)清澈見(jian)底,蛙鳴陣(zhen)(zhen)陣(zhen)(zhen),水(shui)鳥歡唱;夏天湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面寬闊,水(shui)草叢生,南(nan)風輕拂,陣(zhen)(zhen)陣(zhen)(zhen)荷香(xiang),這個(ge)天然(ran)(ran)“氧吧”,為(wei)人們(men)送來清涼;夏秋時節,蓮菱(ling)滿湖(hu)(hu)(hu),魚蝦成群(qun),船(chuan)兒交織,稻(dao)花飄香(xiang);冬季里(li),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)隱退,荷枯草黃,人們(men)下(xia)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)摸(mo)魚捉蟹,采挖蓮藕,盡情(qing)地(di)收獲希望。
1966年,中國人民解放軍根(gen)據毛澤東主(zhu)席的五七指示,同天(tian)門30 多萬人民一(yi)道,圍湖造田,修渠筑路。
歷史上除了中(zhong)國人民解放軍(jun)7師的解放軍(jun)戰士,50師的148團的全體指戰員外(wai),還有(you)大(da)專院校的師生。1968年9月,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央93號(hao)文件決定對在(zai)校應畢(bi)業的大(da)學(xue)生進行分(fen)配(pei),毛主席號(hao)召:“知識青(qing)年到農村去,接受貧下中(zhong)農的再教育(yu)很有(you)必(bi)要。”分(fen)配(pei)到湖北的有(you)來(lai)自(zi)清華、北大(da)、中(zhong)科大(da)、北京航空學(xue)院、南京航空學(xue)院、華南工學(xue)院等各(ge)大(da)院校的學(xue)生。他們在(zai)這里留下了可歌可泣(qi)的故(gu)事。
圍墾沉(chen)湖的戰役從1966年(nian)冬(dong)開始(shi),至1971年(nian)春基本結束,歷時(shi)六個年(nian)頭(tou)。
圍(wei)墾(ken)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)共分為五(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan):第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(1966年(nian)(nian)冬至(zhi)(zhi)1967年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)),實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),部隊(dui)(dui)于當年(nian)(nian)冬季開始施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)地(di)址(zhi)在(zai)以前的(de)總后沉湖(hu)(hu)基地(di)1號垸(huan)(huan),但由于種(zhong)種(zhong)原(yuan)因,此次(ci)圍(wei)墾(ken)沒有(you)成功;第(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(1967年(nian)(nian)冬至(zhi)(zhi)1968年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)),實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),主要(yao)任務是(shi)(shi)開挖(wa)五(wu)(wu)七(qi)泵(beng)站(zhan)引水河(he)、興建萬(wan)福閘抽水機站(zhan)和劉家河(he)泵(beng)站(zhan),天(tian)門縣(xian)麻(ma)洋(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、橫(heng)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、干(gan)驛(yi)站(zhan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等三(san)個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參加了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);第(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(1968年(nian)(nian)冬至(zhi)(zhi)1969年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)),實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),主要(yao)任務是(shi)(shi)圍(wei)墾(ken)5號垸(huan)(huan),參加施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)有(you)天(tian)門縣(xian)麻(ma)洋(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、橫(heng)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、干(gan)驛(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以及八二五(wu)(wu)○部隊(dui)(dui)、一(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)四(si)部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)指(zhi)戰員;第(di)(di)(di)四(si)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(1969年(nian)(nian)冬至(zhi)(zhi)1970年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)),實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)四(si)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),完成了(le)下八垸(huan)(huan)(即以前的(de)總后沉湖(hu)(hu)基地(di)的(de)1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9號垸(huan)(huan))圍(wei)墾(ken),五(wu)(wu)七(qi)泵(beng)站(zhan)進(jin)入常年(nian)(nian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),參加這次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)有(you)天(tian)門縣(xian)麻(ma)洋(yang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、干(gan)驛(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、部隊(dui)(dui)指(zhi)戰員、待分配(pei)的(de)大(da)學畢業生,后期谷(gu)城(cheng)縣(xian)民(min)(min)(min)兵團(tuan)、漢川縣(xian)和沔陽縣(xian)各派(pai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)支援;第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(1970年(nian)(nian)冬至(zhi)(zhi)1971年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)),實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),主要(yao)任務是(shi)(shi)完成沉湖(hu)(hu)內的(de)土方工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)開挖(wa)中干(gan)渠(qu)),這次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以天(tian)門縣(xian)麻(ma)洋(yang)、干(gan)驛(yi)、橫(heng)林(lin)三(san)個(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為主,部隊(dui)(dui)只派(pai)了(le)部分軍代表進(jin)行(xing)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)督導。在(zai)整個(ge)(ge)沉湖(hu)(hu)圍(wei)墾(ken)過程(cheng)(cheng)中,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員以天(tian)門縣(xian)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為主。
沉湖(hu)(hu)軍(jun)墾(ken)農(nong)(nong)場(chang),使(shi)用權屬部隊(dui),地(di)域跨漢(han)(han)川、天(tian)門(men)兩(liang)縣。但(dan)在沉湖(hu)(hu)軍(jun)墾(ken)之前(qian),沿湖(hu)(hu)的天(tian)門(men)農(nong)(nong)民(min)已經圍墾(ken)土地(di)3萬多(duo)畝(mu)進行耕(geng)種(zhong);軍(jun)墾(ken)之后,大部分農(nong)(nong)民(min)圍墾(ken)耕(geng)種(zhong)的土地(di)被圈(quan)入軍(jun)墾(ken)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)。鑒于天(tian)門(men)縣為(wei)沉湖(hu)(hu)軍(jun)墾(ken)工程做出了(le)巨(ju)大貢獻(xian),作為(wei)補償,1973年1月22日(ri),湖(hu)(hu)北省革(ge)命(ming)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)農(nong)(nong)業辦(ban)公室(shi)發(fa)文(wen)(wen)(鄂革(ge)農(nong)(nong)辦(ban)字(zi)【73】第005號(hao)(hao))確(que)定(ding)將沉湖(hu)(hu)軍(jun)墾(ken)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)七(qi)、八號(hao)(hao)垸借(jie)給天(tian)門(men)縣麻(ma)洋(yang)區耕(geng)種(zhong),直至1983年省政府(fu)辦(ban)根(gen)據中央(yang)軍(jun)委(wei)領導(dao)同(tong)志的指(zhi)示發(fa)文(wen)(wen)(鄂政辦(ban)函【1983】55號(hao)(hao)),將七(qi)、八號(hao)(hao)垸歸還(huan)武漢(han)(han)部隊(dui)。
2001年(nian)9月(yue),總(zong)后(hou)(hou)沉湖基地移交地方(fang),9月(yue)18日,解放軍總(zong)后(hou)(hou)勤部與湖北(bei)省政府、中國儲備糧(liang)管理總(zong)公司在(zai)武漢(han)舉行沉湖農(nong)場交接儀(yi)式,按三方(fang)協(xie)議,儀(yi)式結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),駐地部隊就開始退場,沉湖進場。
漢川市政府在接管(guan)后設(she)立了(le)(le)漢川市沉(chen)湖開發總公(gong)司;天門市委、市政府在這(zhe)里(li)設(she)立了(le)(le)沉(chen)湖林業科(ke)技示(shi)范區。示(shi)范區國土面積47平方公(gong)里(li),其中核心區26.1平方公(gong)里(li),由于(yu)這(zhe)里(li)曾經是軍(jun)事禁地,因(yin)此(ci),當其神(shen)秘面紗被(bei)揭開之后,展(zhan)示(shi)在我們(men)面前的是無窮潛力,更為我們(men)建設(she)生態農業旅游提供了(le)(le)理想的條件。
2006年(nian)11月(yue),香港上(shang)市公司、國家級農(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化(hua)龍頭企業(ye)中綠集團(tuan)也(ye)接(jie)踵而至,計(ji)劃投資(zi)5億港幣,用5年(nian)時(shi)間將沉湖(hu)打造成全國較(jiao)大的(de)現代農(nong)業(ye)示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)、全國較(jiao)大的(de)有機(ji)農(nong)業(ye)示(shi)(shi)范區(qu)(qu)和湖(hu)北省(sheng)較(jiao)大的(de)生態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)觀光園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)。
漢川市(shi)在總(zong)后沉湖基(ji)地(di)移(yi)交后,成立了(le)沉湖基(ji)地(di)開發總(zong)公司,實行公司化(hua)運作,企業(ye)化(hua)經營的(de)模式,管理直管和托管的(de)耕地(di)3.4萬(wan)畝,水面近千畝,其總(zong)體(ti)規劃是發展生態農業(ye)、旅游(you)、觀光(guang)農業(ye)。
1、生態(tai)系(xi)統保存(cun)完好,生態(tai)景觀極佳。
湖區天(tian)藍、水清(qing)、植物(wu)茂盛;花鳥魚蟲應有盡有,十(shi)分豐富(fu);河渠溝塘(tang)縱(zong)橫交錯,水網密布,經(jing)絡通(tong)暢;環境優美,農業興旺(wang),人(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然和(he)諧(xie)相處。
2、寧(ning)靜安逸,鄉野(ye)風(feng)韻,恰似桃源世界(jie)。
湖(hu)區(qu)以(yi)軍墾(ken)河為界,四周隔絕。湖(hu)區(qu)里面無村莊(zhuang),無鬧市,非(fei)常安寧、靜謐(mi),除風雨之(zhi)聲(sheng),以(yi)及界河外周邊村莊(zhuang)的雞鳴(ming)狗叫之(zhi)聲(sheng)外,幾乎聽不到其他的聲(sheng)音。恰似一座沉(chen)睡了(le)的山村,寧靜之(zhi)美(mei),令人心醉;桃(tao)源(yuan)世界,令人向往。
3、湖(hu)北最大(da)的軍墾農場,獨特(te)的軍墾文化。
沉湖(hu)農(nong)場是中(zhong)國人民解(jie)放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)總后(hou)勤部(bu)基地(di),經(jing)過部(bu)隊(dui)30余年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發與經(jing)營,這(zhe)里(li)成為湖(hu)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)最大(da),華(hua)中(zhong)地(di)區(qu)第二的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)墾農(nong)場。歷史上除(chu)了(le)中(zhong)國人民解(jie)放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)七(qi)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰士外,還有(you)大(da)專院校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師(shi)生,他們在這(zhe)里(li)屯田(tian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)訓(xun),艱苦奮斗,寫下了(le)許多(duo)可歌可泣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動人篇章,形成了(le)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)墾文(wen)化、軍(jun)(jun)(jun)墾精神。特別是作為軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)禁(jin)區(qu),外人無法了(le)解(jie)里(li)面(mian)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切,因此(ci),一(yi)直以來給(gei)人以強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神秘(mi)感(gan)和巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誘(you)惑力(li)。這(zhe)將是沉湖(hu)人文(wen)旅游資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特賣點和亮點。
4、景觀風水(shui)極好。
沉(chen)湖處于湖北的中心地(di)帶(dai),是鄂中之心。同時,它又地(di)處全國著名僑鄉(xiang)、狀元鄉(xiang)、棉鄉(xiang)——天門市東南,區位優(you)越,交通便利,能集聚人才(cai),吸(xi)引投資,同時,農業生態十分完(wan)好,萬畝湖區綠色似海,田園鄉(xiang)村(cun)景色如畫,美不勝(sheng)收,整體視(shi)覺(jue)沖擊力大(da),心靈震撼強烈。沉(chen)湖被(bei)喻為江漢平原上的一顆(ke)明珠和一塊(kuai)風水寶地(di),名符其實。