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偏臉城遺址怎么樣

偏(pian)臉城遺(yi)址位(wei)于吉(ji)林省四平市(shi)梨(li)樹縣白山(shan)(shan)鄉岫巖村白山(shan)(shan)咀子山(shan)(shan)崗南坡。距梨(li)樹縣城四公里，南臨(lin)昭蘇太(tai)河(he)，北(bei)(bei)依白山(shan)(shan)丘陵。在遼代叫奚(xi)營或(huo)九百奚(xi)營，在金(jin)代叫韓州，是遼金(jin)時(shi)期的重要(yao)城鎮和南北(bei)(bei)交通要(yao)道。

偏臉城，蒙古語阿拉木圖城，漢譯為有梨樹的城，即梨樹城。形如偏歪的人面，故稱偏臉城。城墻為夯土壘成。此處曾幽囚過大宋的兩朝君主：徽宗，欽宗兩年之久，在歷史上留下重要一筆。遺(yi)存有造型(xing)別致做工精(jing)巧的金(jin)制樹葉、蜻蜓等(deng)；大(da)片建筑遺(yi)址(zhi)散布著大(da)量琉璃瓦(wa)、青磚、銅(tong)器等(deng)。還發現一個較(jiao)大(da)的遼代古(gu)墓群(qun)。1961年4月13日被吉(ji)林(lin)省(sheng)人(ren)民委員會公布為(wei)省(sheng)級文物保護單位(wei)。2006年5月25日被國務院核定為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。

從四(si)(si)平市梨樹(shu)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向北(bei)(bei)望去(qu)，天邊有(you)(you)一道山(shan)崗(gang)，東(dong)西走(zou)向，綿(mian)延十余公(gong)里。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)田間穿行三四(si)(si)公(gong)里。過招蘇太河，一座古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址即在目前。古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順山(shan)坡(po)橫下，四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)高(gao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)清晰可辨。全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地勢不(bu)平，西北(bei)(bei)高(gao)而東(dong)南低(di)，方(fang)向東(dong)斜，有(you)(you)如(ru)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)歪的(de)人(ren)(ren)面(mian)(mian)。故人(ren)(ren)稱偏(pian)(pian)(pian)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，南墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，大(da)體平行。每(mei)面(mian)(mian)長約(yue)千米，寬(kuan)一米，高(gao)五六米左右。四(si)(si)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有(you)(you)門(men)(men)，門(men)(men)外有(you)(you)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，南北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)與東(dong)西門(men)(men)，皆成對應。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)(si)角(jiao)，都有(you)(you)突出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外，高(gao)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂的(de)圓形高(gao)臺。這(zhe)是角(jiao)樓，站在上面(mian)(mian)可以瞭望全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外，都有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)遺址。偏(pian)(pian)(pian)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在遼金(jin)時(shi)代最早叫(jiao)九(jiu)百奚(xi)營(ying)，歸臨津縣管(guan)轄。統(tong)歸于韓(han)州統(tong)鄰(lin)。因(yin)九(jiu)百奚(xi)營(ying)地處交通要道，為南北(bei)(bei)往來的(de)必(bi)經之地。故在遼金(jin)時(shi)代，九(jiu)百奚(xi)營(ying)是相(xiang)當重(zhong)要的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)。在此，曾幽囚過大(da)宋的(de)兩(liang)朝君(jun)主(zhu)：徽宗，欽宗兩(liang)年之久。在歷史上留下重(zhong)要一筆(bi)。

歷史沿革

現在的偏臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)，向城(cheng)(cheng)內遠望，是一(yi)片玉(yu)米農(nong)田、幾個(ge)村(cun)莊(zhuang)和北東南西四(si)個(ge)方向由高到低隆(long)起的土壘(lei)（古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)），這四(si)趟土壘(lei)就是當(dang)年環繞(rao)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)，城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)清晰可(ke)辨，城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)兩側(ce)(ce)的梯(ti)形坡(po)上(shang)全(quan)是蒿(hao)草和山榆，緊挨城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的外側(ce)(ce)是壕溝（古(gu)(gu)護城(cheng)(cheng)河），壕溝外是一(yi)片半(ban)尺高綠油油的農(nong)田。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)有馬車寬，走在上(shang)面，腳下仍可(ke)踢(ti)到少量的殘磚(zhuan)碎(sui)瓦(wa)。

金末時，元蒙古大軍攻下韓州城(cheng)后，一把(ba)火(huo)燒掉了偏臉城(cheng)，轉年蒙古人把(ba)這里當作牧場放(fang)牧，看到偏臉城(cheng)變成了一片殘(can)垣斷壁，只有西北角長(chang)著(zhu)一棵大梨樹，枝繁(fan)果(guo)茂，就(jiu)叫這座城(cheng)為梨樹城(cheng)。此(ci)后數百年間，古城(cheng)一直沉睡在曠野(ye)中。

因為偏(pian)臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻的西北(bei)角(jiao)樓(lou)頂端(duan)，其(qi)實(shi)整(zheng)個偏(pian)臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻，夯(hang)土壘成，因城(cheng)(cheng)內地勢西北(bei)高而東南低，方(fang)向(xiang)東斜，平面略(lve)呈方(fang)形，就像人的一張偏(pian)歪的臉(lian)，俗稱(cheng)‘偏(pian)臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)’。”