至今,全村(cun)已有(you)羅姓村(cun)民近(jin)600戶,3700余人(ren),主要分布在羅屋(wu)一(yi)帶,并以羅屋(wu)為中軸線,由東往西延伸(shen)發展。屋(wu)宇多為坐(zuo)北朝南(nan)(nan),面(mian)對(dui)南(nan)(nan)邊的水口,據說這是先人(ren)“依(yi)山造屋(wu),傍水結村(cun)”而成,有(you)“背山面(mian)水,負陰抱陽(yang)”之勢。四(si)座(zuo)古“風水塔”依(yi)東、南(nan)(nan)、西、北四(si)個方向建在遠(yuan)處山頂上,猶如四(si)道屏障,緊(jin)護著密(mi)溪村(cun)。
密溪現存(cun)(cun)近百幢大大小小的古民居,多(duo)(duo)為明清時期所建(jian),規模宏大的主要有羅(luo)(luo)氏大宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)、羅(luo)(luo)應(ying)文公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、應(ying)宗(zong)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、石(shi)泉(quan)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、淳夫(fu)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、皋(gao)澤公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、密峰太公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)等十幾處(chu),一(yi)般占地(di)(di)面(mian)積都(dou)有三四百平方米左右;大小不一(yi)的私廳(ting)、私宅,則如星羅(luo)(luo)棋布,眾星拱月般地(di)(di)散(san)布在村內。結構(gou)多(duo)(duo)為磚木,也有一(yi)些祠(ci)(ci)廳(ting)全用木料構(gou)建(jian),大部(bu)分屋頂都(dou)是兩面(mian)坡下水的歇山(shan)頂或(huo)硬山(shan)頂式,許多(duo)(duo)隔(ge)間(jian)垛墻(qiang)都(dou)上瓦(wa)端,突出檐外,昂首飛翹,頗有動感。據譜(pu)載,密溪晚清前還曾(ceng)設圩(wei)市,每逢圩(wei)日之時就人(ren)聲(sheng)鼎(ding)沸(fei),商賈云集,后因戰亂而廢圩(wei)。但至(zhi)今天仍(reng)可以從遺(yi)存(cun)(cun)的兩條相(xiang)互貫通、繞羅(luo)(luo)屋而行的石(shi)板巷道(dao)和(he)寬大的內圍(wei)磚拱門及圩(wei)街遺(yi)跡(ji),仍(reng)可看(kan)出當年(nian)圩(wei)市的影子。
密溪古民居的(de)(de)建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)飾藝(yi)(yi)術,堪(kan)稱一絕。如羅(luo)氏(shi)大(da)(da)宗祠(ci),大(da)(da)門(men)兩(liang)側一排(pai)明清碑刻,青石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)臺階兩(liang)端(duan)屹立(li)著(zhu)(zhu)一對(dui)威武的(de)(de)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅,門(men)檻(jian)邊一對(dui)精雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)細琢(zhuo)的(de)(de)榮鼓石(shi)(shi)(shi),高(gao)大(da)(da)雄(xiong)偉的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)門(men)廊上高(gao)懸金(jin)字匾(bian)額,祠(ci)堂內(nei)(nei)外的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、頂棚、雀(que)替、挑(tiao)檐和(he)(he)斗(dou)拱上都(dou)(dou)巧妙地裝(zhuang)飾有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)手法(fa)(fa)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻的(de)(de)圖案,在(zai)木(mu)(mu)構(gou)(gou)件上有(you)多(duo)處(chu)層(ceng)層(ceng)累疊伸(shen)挑(tiao)。使人贊嘆不絕的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)門(men)廊頂部天(tian)花板(ban)(ban)(ban)上鑲嵌(qian)著(zhu)(zhu)一幅由近百(bai)幅龍(long)鳳(feng)、瑞獸(shou)和(he)(he)花卉圖案的(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)板(ban)(ban)(ban),均以深浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、鏤雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)等(deng)精湛工藝(yi)(yi)手法(fa)(fa)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)就,形(xing)(xing)態栩栩如生,構(gou)(gou)圖嚴謹(jin),寓意深邃,未(wei)見(jian)雷同。祠(ci)堂內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)梁斗(dou)拱之間保(bao)存有(you)不少(shao)繪畫,上廳(ting)天(tian)花板(ban)(ban)(ban)上又鑲嵌(qian)著(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)對(dui)倒立(li)的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)描金(jin)獅子,宛若在(zai)活蹦亂跳(tiao)。其它宗祠(ci)在(zai)裝(zhuang)飾藝(yi)(yi)術上既獨(du)具(ju)風(feng)格,又有(you)相似之處(chu),有(you)很(hen)多(duo)上下(xia)廳(ting)屏風(feng)、花格、門(men)楣和(he)(he)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)及雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻都(dou)(dou)很(hen)有(you)藝(yi)(yi)術性。另外,至(zhi)今保(bao)存尚(shang)好(hao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)座(zuo)明清牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)也同樣顯示出(chu)其制作上的(de)(de)獨(du)具(ju)匠(jiang)心。木(mu)(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)始(shi)建(jian)于明天(tian)順3年(1459),是(shi)(shi)奉(feng)旨(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)旌表賑(zhen)糧(liang)濟民的(de)(de)羅(luo)孟穩而(er)建(jian)的(de)(de),匾(bian)額曰(yue)“善行流芳”,它倚古巷道而(er)立(li),坊(fang)(fang)高(gao)6米,坊(fang)(fang)頂由數百(bai)個(ge)棱形(xing)(xing)木(mu)(mu)格交織重疊而(er)成(cheng)蜂窩(wo)狀,結構(gou)(gou)復雜(za);上面(mian)蓋(gai)瓦,還可供行人避雨(yu)遮陰。此類木(mu)(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)在(zai)省內(nei)(nei)罕見(jian)。另一座(zuo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)系清乾(qian)隆13年(1748)所建(jian),用17塊(kuai)大(da)(da)型青條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)三門(men)洞武式(shi)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang),第(di)二層(ceng)匾(bian)曰(yue)“節孝”,署有(you)奉(feng)旨(zhi)(zhi)籌建(jian)者兵部右(you)(you)侍郎(lang)兼(jian)都(dou)(dou)察院右(you)(you)副(fu)都(dou)(dou)御使史德(de)沸等(deng)諸官(guan)名字,坊(fang)(fang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上保(bao)留著(zhu)(zhu)龍(long)首龍(long)尾(wei)和(he)(he)八(ba)仙過海等(deng)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)圖案。
密溪(xi)村(cun)古建筑群,雖不(bu)是皇家住宅,然(ran)而,在夕陽斜暉(hui)、乳燕紛飛的暮色(se)中,不(bu)由(you)使人產生一種(zhong)憑吊歷史(shi)遺物的感傷(shang)和感慨。這處斑(ban)駁的古老建筑群,同(tong)樣浸透著歷史(shi)變遷和世事興衰的滄桑,同(tong)樣是中華民(min)族(zu)傳統(tong)社會和傳統(tong)文(wen)明的一份難(nan)得的見證和瑞金市珍貴(gui)的歷史(shi)遺產。
密溪村(cun)(cun)隸屬(shu)于九堡(bao)鎮(zhen),處于市區西(xi)北約30公里處。位于九堡(bao)鎮(zhen)東北方(fang)向12公里處。密溪村(cun)(cun)東西(xi)分別與(yu)大柏(bo)地鄉,岡面(mian)鄉接壤,北面(mian)與(yu)寧(ning)都縣(xian)交界,南臨環溪水(shui)庫(ku)及本鎮(zhen)富田、富村(cun)(cun)兩個行政村(cun)(cun),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)6平方(fang)公里,有耕地1560畝(mu),山林29800畝(mu),有村(cun)(cun)民小組21個,境內(nei)現有630戶,3120人。羅姓(xing)(xing)3100人占總(zong)人數99。4%。全村(cun)(cun)僅(jin)有4戶外姓(xing)(xing)人家,其(qi)中(zhong)王姓(xing)(xing)2戶,鐘姓(xing)(xing)1戶,譚姓(xing)(xing)1戶,2007年(nian)人均收入3200元。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅屋原本為(wei)王(wang),宋二姓(xing)所居(ju),據密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅氏六(liu)(liu)修族譜(pu)記(ji)載(zai)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅氏始(shi)祖(zu)“念(nian)四郎(lang)”本為(wei)興(xing)國(guo)(guo)白石人(ren),其曾(ceng)祖(zu)父(fu)“真三郎(lang)”是由寧(ning)都(dou)大布遷往興(xing)國(guo)(guo)定(ding)居(ju)的。在(zai)(zai)宋高宗咸淳年間(jian)“念(nian)四郎(lang)父(fu)子”往來于(yu)瑞(rui)金、寧(ning)都(dou)經商,途經九堡密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)。念(nian)四朗看到群山(shan)(shan)環(huan)繞(rao),綠水環(huan)抱的密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)是塊居(ju)住的風水室(shi)地,便舉家義無返(fan)顧地遷到了密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)。“密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)公見密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)水明秀,遂(sui)家于(yu)是,積功累德,保世滋大,代起(qi)簪纓,為(wei)瑞(rui)邑之(zhi)望(wang)族。”在(zai)(zai)羅氏始(shi)祖(zu)遷至密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)之(zhi)時,正(zheng)是密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)土著王(wang)、宋兩姓(xing)衷敗之(zhi)際,到了元朝初年,二姓(xing)的田產已全部賣給(gei)羅氏,至此(ci),羅氏始(shi)在(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)站(zhan)穩腳(jiao)根,繁衍生息,《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)羅氏六(liu)(liu)修族譜(pu)》對此(ci)有較為(wei)詳細的記(ji)載(zai):
“密溪之地當吾祖遷時,原有王宋(song)(song)(song)兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)(xing)居此(ci),王處東境(jing),西向今(jin)金(jin)盆形麓(lu)下田(tian)是也,宋(song)(song)(song)居東北境(jing),南(nan)向今(jin)宋(song)(song)(song)屋田(tian)是也,二姓(xing)(xing)皆土著,在隋唐五(wu)代間頗稱殷富(fu),本境(jing)數千(qian)畝之田(tian),及前(qian)后左右十余里之山,皆兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)(xing)之業(ye),以(yi)本境(jing)中小(xiao)溪為(wei)(wei)界(jie),王業(ye)居溪之東,宋(song)(song)(song)業(ye)居溪之西,及宋(song)(song)(song)南(nan)渡后,兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)(xing)漸衰(shuai)落,吾祖寓至此(ci),因宋(song)(song)(song)宅(zhai)前(qian)案百步(bu)田(tian)之中有兩(liang)(liang)阜(fu),一直一橫,皆荊棘所叢,蛇(she)虺所穴(xue),吾祖于直構(gou)室(shi),橫安墳,兩(liang)(liang)戶皆中高四下,形家表為(wei)(wei)風(feng)吹羅(luo)帶形。二姓(xing)(xing)日微,吾祖施德(de)行仁,勤(qin)儉(jian)積累,家益以(yi)興,本境(jing)田(tian)畝前(qian)后陸續(xu)歸鬻(yu)。
吾祖至(zhi)元初,吾祖已成戶入籍,十(shi)里長(chang)屬羅,兩姓(xing)田既賣(mai)盡,復將前后十(shi)余里之荒山,王姓(xing)一契(qi)賣(mai)東邊,宋姓(xing)一契(qi)賣(mai)西邊……”
羅(luo)氏(shi)在密(mi)溪(xi)落腳之后,其(qi)家族(zu)(zu)的發展經歷了(le)一個(ge)頗為漫長而(er)曲折的過(guo)程,從族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)所載人口(kou)數字的消長,以及(ji)《密(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)六修族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)·興替記》來看,羅(luo)氏(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)幾(ji)(ji)起幾(ji)(ji)落,數度為兵(bing)匪所劫,羅(luo)氏(shi)多年的積累是(shi):“家財馨洗,人物調(diao)謝”不難(nan)想象,羅(luo)氏(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)背(bei)后所隱(yin)含的辛(xin)酸開拓史,真可謂篳(bi)路藍縷。
念(nian)四郎攜兩兒(er)子(zi)(zi)定(ding)居密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),兩兒(er)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)亮、明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)善。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)善傳至(zhi)(zhi)第五(wu)代(dai)即無(wu)(wu)后(hou)人(ren),明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)亮生(sheng)有(you)兩個兒(er)子(zi)(zi),應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗、應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文。自(zi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)分為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩房,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗為(wei)西(xi)(xi)房,應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文為(wei)東(dong)(dong)房。雍正三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(1725),東(dong)(dong)房的(de)(de)后(hou)代(dai)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)(sun)在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宗祠(ci)左側建有(you)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)文公(gong)祠(ci),作為(wei)東(dong)(dong)房鼻(bi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)。雍正八年(nian)(nian)(1730), 西(xi)(xi)房的(de)(de)后(hou)代(dai)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)(sun)在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宗祠(ci)右側建立應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)宗公(gong)祠(ci),作為(wei)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)房鼻(bi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)。隨著時間的(de)(de)推移密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)人(ren)口不(bu)斷增加,到(dao)光(guang)緒(xu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)六(liu)(liu)修族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)時,密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)男女老少人(ren)口已達六(liu)(liu)、七千人(ren)“……以密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da),距五(wu)修(族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu))也又(you)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)余年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)。人(ren)口且六(liu)(liu)七千計……。在此其間,不(bu)斷有(you)人(ren)從密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)徙到(dao)別處,如遷(qian)(qian)(qian)到(dao)九堡鎮(zhen)官(guan)倉、瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)瑞(rui)(rui)林鎮(zhen),更有(you)遠遷(qian)(qian)(qian)至(zhi)(zhi)江西(xi)(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)市的(de)(de)。從密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)出的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)開始還和九堡密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)聯系較為(wei)緊密(mi)(mi),慢(man)慢(man)地聯系越來(lai)越少,有(you)許多(duo)則幾乎中止(zhi)了(le)聯系。以從密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)地市的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)支為(wei)例,這(zhe)支羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)前清(qing)乾隆年(nian)(nian)間遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun),在《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)修族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》中還繪有(you)一(yi)(yi)幅“袁(yuan)州府宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)縣郝家西(xi)(xi)村之(zhi)(zhi)茂遷(qian)(qian)(qian)居屋(wu)宇圖(tu)”,1995年(nian)(nian),當密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)(zu)準(zhun)備第七次修譜(pu)時,其編委(wei)成員羅(luo)(luo)(luo)振(zhen)波試(shi)探性地給江西(xi)(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)市宣傳部寫了(le)一(yi)(yi)封信,請求(qiu)查(cha)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)家族(zu)(zu)(zu)情(qing)況(kuang),不(bu)久(jiu),宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)派人(ren)來(lai)瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)訪(fang)親,查(cha)閱(yue)光(guang)緒(xu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)修族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)尚有(you)一(yi)(yi)位老者在六(liu)(liu)修族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)中有(you)名字記載(zai)。在此之(zhi)(zhi)前,宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)也曾派人(ren)多(duo)次到(dao)贛南(nan)尋找祖地但(dan)都無(wu)(wu)果而(er)終,他們只(zhi)聽(ting)祖輩們說來(lai)自(zi)贛南(nan),但(dan)具體在贛南(nan)什么(me)地方就(jiu)不(bu)得而(er)知了(le)。對于(yu)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi),《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)七修族(zu)(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》還有(you)一(yi)(yi)段這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)記載(zai):“江西(xi)(xi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun),城東(dong)(dong)家人(ren),四面工廠,電網(wang)高掛,公(gong)路鐵路,日夜通車,山清(qing)水秀,地理(li)可佳,我之(zhi)(zhi)茂公(gong),本在瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin),乾隆中葉(xie),遷(qian)(qian)(qian)來(lai)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun),定(ding)居于(yu)此,二百余年(nian)(nian),生(sheng)生(sheng)繁(fan)衍,子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)(sun)興盛,六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)余戶,三(san)(san)百多(duo)人(ren),種(zhong)田經商(shang),又(you)工又(you)農,艱苦創業,大(da)(da)揚祖業,奔小康路,萬世無(wu)(wu)窮。”
從族(zu)譜記載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)口來看,在(zai)(zai)(zai)許(xu)多代中,羅(luo)氏(shi)男丁均有(you)(you)(you)五,六(liu)人(ren)(ren),甚(shen)至上十人(ren)(ren),但是(shi)真正(zheng)傳有(you)(you)(you)后人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并不(bu)多,以東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)為例,應(ying)文生(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)四子(zi),世(shi)英(ying)(ying)、富(fu)英(ying)(ying)、德英(ying)(ying)、本(ben)英(ying)(ying),只有(you)(you)(you)德英(ying)(ying)、本(ben)英(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)密溪(xi)有(you)(you)(you)后,其(qi)它均無后人(ren)(ren),或(huo)遷居(ju)(ju)別(bie)(bie)(bie)處(chu)(chu),德英(ying)(ying)生(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)三子(zi),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和(he)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩(wen)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程(cheng)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩(wen)無后,或(huo)遷居(ju)(ju)別(bie)(bie)(bie)處(chu)(chu)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和(he)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)密溪(xi)有(you)(you)(you)后。本(ben)英(ying)(ying)生(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)子(zi),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭(gong)(gong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭(gong)(gong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬無后,或(huo)遷居(ju)(ju)別(bie)(bie)(bie)處(chu)(chu),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽在(zai)(zai)(zai)密溪(xi)有(you)(you)(you)后。對于(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)期(qi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態,基本(ben)上屬于(yu)由(you)多個(ge)(ge)核心家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴(kuo)大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭。這(zhe)種家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)初級(ji)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成長(chang),家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)非常時(shi)期(qi)相互(hu)利用人(ren)(ren)力(li)資源,而在(zai)(zai)(zai)村落資源不(bu)敷(fu)供給(gei)時(shi),又有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭被迫遷往外地定(ding)居(ju)(ju)。 密溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)分東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、西房(fang)(fang)(fang)后沒有(you)(you)(you)再開大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)(fang)(fang),但是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)口和(he)經濟實力(li)發展,到較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)清朝中葉(xie)時(shi)期(qi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、西房(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)內部又興建了(le)幾個(ge)(ge)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂以祭祀(si)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先。如康(kang)熙五十六(liu)年(nian)(1718),在(zai)(zai)(zai)離(li)羅(luo)氏(shi)大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)九世(shi)后裔(yi)興建了(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)以紀念東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公(gong)。以此作為九世(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)分支(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。雍正(zheng)十二年(nian)(1734),西房(fang)(fang)(fang)九世(shi)石泉公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后裔(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)羅(luo)氏(shi)大(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)側興建了(le)石泉公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作為第(di)九代西房(fang)(fang)(fang)分支(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)祖(zu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。乾隆(long)四十七年(nian)(1782)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)八世(shi)之(zhi)淳夫(fu)公(gong)后裔(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)文公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)左(zuo)側建立(li)了(le)淳夫(fu)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)八世(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)祖(zu)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代,密溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)所(suo)出人(ren)(ren)才不(bu)多,在(zai)(zai)(zai)瑞金縣志記載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)僅有(you)(you)(you)羅(luo)汝潔,其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)明(ming)成化年(nian)間(jian)(jian)曾任(ren)廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞知縣。
密溪羅氏發展到明末清初時,歷經數度劫難,后又數度興起,第一(yi)次大(da)的(de)劫難在(zai)明嘉靖未年(nian),“比嘉靖未年(nian),葉寇播氛。剽掠四出(chu),家財罄(qing)洗,人物(wu)凋(diao)謝。僅(jin)余屋(wu)基山崗(gang)。其(qi)門莊(zhuang)田(tian)產(chan)(chan)典賣(mai)殆盡,一(yi)姓(xing)錢糧(liang)正存數石。幸十(shi)世(shi)、十(shi)一(yi)世(shi)兩代祖先,奮志(zhi)懨拓。崇節儉,勤稼穡,業(ye)諄書,修(xiu)祀典,日漸光大(da)。景(jing)昔田(tian)產(chan)(chan),既盡贖回,糧(liang)石益增。”
密溪(xi)羅氏遭(zao)受第一次劫難(nan)以后,經十世的一派,十一世的文派的勤奮,節儉,家族再次興旺起來(lai)。
明清鼎革之(zhi)際,中華大地(di)處(chu)于一片混(hun)亂之(zhi)中,密溪(xi)所處(chu)的贛南(nan)地(di)區也不例外。在這種大的動蕩(dang)的背景下,密溪(xi)村再(zai)次遭(zao)遇劫難。“未幾,明季鼎革,土寇猖厥,焚(fen)屋劫村,廬舍(she)邱墟(xu),田園(yuan)荒蕪(wu)。千余丁之(zhi)男女,竄(cuan)伏流離,數百年(nian)之(zhi)文契一日失守。抑又衰矣(yi)!”
據村(cun)中老者羅(luo)振(zhen)波介(jie)紹:在(zai)大清(qing)順治十(shi)年(nian)(1653),瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)大柏地(di)鄉梟(xiao)首陳其(qi)綸及其(qi)匪眾被(bei)(bei)(bei)政(zheng)府官(guan)兵所追擊,竄(cuan)入密(mi)(mi)溪村(cun),該村(cun)的(de)一(yi)個村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)好心(xin)地(di)把他們帶(dai)到(dao)一(yi)個極為隱蔽的(de)村(cun)邊的(de)巖(yan)(yan)洞中躲藏,官(guan)兵到(dao)村(cun)內(nei)(nei)尋而未(wei)果,不久(jiu)撤離。不久(jiu),那(nei)些曾(ceng)經獲得過村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)流寇(kou)糾合其(qi)同黨,圍(wei)攻(gong)密(mi)(mi)溪村(cun),村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)紛紛躲進巖(yan)(yan)洞內(nei)(nei),但是流寇(kou)此時已(yi)經知道通(tong)往巖(yan)(yan)洞的(de)秘密(mi)(mi)通(tong)道。后來巖(yan)(yan)洞防線被(bei)(bei)(bei)攻(gong)破,村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)死傷一(yi)百多人,抓走人質數(shu)百人。直到(dao)今(jin)天,到(dao)那(nei)個叫棺材巖(yan)(yan)下還能發現許(xu)多殘留的(de)遺骸。關于(yu)這次(ci)明末清(qing)初的(de)民(min)(min)(min)變在(zai)《瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)縣志》上亦有記載(zai):“1650年(nian)僧超(chao)忠據銅缽山,陳其(qi)綸據大柏地(di),許(xu)勝可(ke)聯(lian)合福(fu)建鄉民(min)(min)(min)劉芳、羅(luo)承俊據羅(luo)漢巖(yan)(yan),掀(xian)起(qi)反(fan)清(qing)斗爭浪潮(chao)。歷時五年(nian),始被(bei)(bei)(bei)清(qing)廷鎮壓下去。”“崇(chong)禎十(shi)五年(nian),廣賊閻王總,剮刀總、番天總,豬(zhu)婆總凡十(shi)余種,流動各縣村(cun)落(luo),瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)各村(cun)落(luo)被(bei)(bei)(bei)其(qi)沿劫。明年(nian),攻(gong)破安(an)遠(yuan)及石城諸(zhu)寨”
筆者認為(wei),考察家族(zu)(zu)的(de)生(sheng)存與發展(zhan),應考慮家族(zu)(zu)所(suo)處(chu)(chu)的(de)歷史(shi)時(shi)代背景。贛南(nan)地(di)處(chu)(chu)福建、江西、湖南(nan)、廣東四省(sheng)的(de)交界(jie)處(chu)(chu),境內山巒疊(die)嶂,自古為(wei)匪(fei)盜常出沒的(de)地(di)方。從“明(ming)洪武十(shi)八年(nian)(1385),廣寇周(zhou)三官作(zuo)亂,瑞(rui)金人民(min)逃竄(cuan),田地(di)荒蕪(wu)”至(zhi)“(崇禎)十(shi)五年(nian),廣賊閻王總(zong),剮刀總(zong),番無總(zong),豬婆總(zong)凡十(shi)余種,流劫各(ge)縣村(cun)落(luo),瑞(rui)金各(ge)村(cun)落(luo)被其(qi)沿(yan)劫。”止瑞(rui)金共發生(sheng)了18起(qi)大的(de)戰亂,其(qi)中(zhong)明(ming)嘉(jia)靖年(nian)間就發生(sheng)八次大的(de)戰亂。
此后,經(jing)密溪(xi)羅氏(shi)十(shi)二世(shi)、十(shi)三(san)世(shi)萬(wan)派(pai)(pai)、肇派(pai)(pai)的勵精圖治(zhi),經(jing)過幾十(shi)年的苦心經(jing)營,羅氏(shi)宗族才再度興旺起來“賴十(shi)二世(shi)、十(shi)三(san)世(shi)萬(wan)派(pai)(pai)、肇派(pai)(pai),恢宏先業,務農濟物,合族之棟宇重新(xin),各房之蒸嘗編立。更筑文運外閣,復(fu)新(xin)東(dong)平廟宇,錢糧戶口視昔加倍。”
雍正年(nian)(nian)間(jian),清政府(fu)采取“地丁合一(yi)(yi)(yi)”、“攤(tan)丁入(ru)畝(mu)”的(de)(de)辦法(fa),賦役(yi)的(de)(de)重點(dian)由人(ren)身轉(zhuan)移到土地,這樣,封建王朝(chao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直以來對人(ren)身的(de)(de)限制得到了極大的(de)(de)解脫(tuo),人(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)發(fa)展便日(ri)趨膨脹。從(cong)清朝(chao)初年(nian)(nian)“國朝(chao),原額人(ren)丁戶口(kou)二(er)千一(yi)(yi)(yi)百一(yi)(yi)(yi)丁口(kou),內優免人(ren)了五(wu)百二(er)十(shi)(shi)三丁五(wu)分(fen)(fen)。”到“嘉慶二(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)終冊報,實在煙戶二(er)萬七(qi)千七(qi)百六十(shi)(shi)二(er),男大丁,小丁,女(nv)大口(kou),小口(kou),共三十(shi)(shi)二(er)萬一(yi)(yi)(yi)百四十(shi)(shi)二(er)。”在不到二(er)百年(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)里,瑞金(jin)人(ren)口(kou)從(cong)幾千人(ren)發(fa)展到32萬人(ren)。人(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)增長(chang)如此之(zhi)快(kuai),這其(qi)中可能存在老百姓對人(ren)口(kou)數字的(de)(de)隱瞞的(de)(de)原因,和一(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)明末清初由福建廣東(dong)倒遷入(ru)贛的(de)(de)客(ke)家人(ren)原因,但是(shi)(shi)從(cong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個側面反映在清初至嘉慶二(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)這段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)里,人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)活(huo)安穩、平和,經濟(ji)狀況(kuang)也應(ying)有所好轉(zhuan)。
在(zai)這種大(da)的(de)(de)(de)全國(guo)繁榮的(de)(de)(de)背景之下,密溪羅氏宗(zong)族迎來了他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)族發展的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)峰狀態。在(zai)清初“更(geng)筑文(wen)運外(wai)閣,復(fu)新東平廟宇。”從康熙三十七(qi)年(nian)(1696)至乾隆(long)四(si)十七(qi)年(nian),短(duan)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)86年(nian)間,羅氏宗(zong)族修建了“密溪羅氏大(da)宗(zong)祠(ci)”、“應宗(zong)公(gong)祠(ci)、應文(wen)公(gong)祠(ci)、石(shi)泉公(gong)祠(ci)、淳夫公(gong)祠(ci)、東塘(tang)公(gong)祠(ci),共六座(zuo)祠(ci)堂。以及村子(zi)周圍的(de)(de)(de)四(si)座(zuo)風水塔”坤峰(1738),“辛(xin)峰”(1738)“巽峰”(1777),“丁峰”。
至(zhi)清(qing)中葉(xie),密(mi)溪羅(luo)氏的人口(kou)已經發(fa)展到數千人,分為(wei)“東房”,“西(xi)房”兩(liang)大房,并且為(wei)他們的“開基祖”密(mi)峰(feng)公以(yi)及(ji)東,西(xi)兩(liang)房興建了(le)祠(ci)堂,家族有(you)了(le)祭祀(si)和儀式(shi)的中心。至(zhi)此,密(mi)溪羅(luo)氏的宗族形態正式(shi)確立,清(qing)朝中葉(xie)所形成的聚落格局(ju)與支房及(ji)亞房之間的力量對比,基本上延續到現代,沒有(you)太大的變(bian)化。
《羅姓考略》
自夏禹錫土賜姓,凡姓皆有所昉,吾羅(luo)本黃帝顓帝子(zi),曰(yue)(yue)黎,祝融之(zhi)后,融生(sheng)陸終,終子(zi)六(liu)其四(si)曰(yue)(yue)會一(yi)(yi)封于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鄶(kuai)姓,周初,封于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)羅(luo),屬襄陽(yang)宜城,周桓王(wang)二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年,伐(fa)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu),避難(nan)(nan)徒荊州枝(zhi)江(jiang),莊(zhuang)王(wang)八(ba)年,又去枝(zhi)江(jiang)徒長(chang)沙之(zhi)湘陰,東(dong)北六(liu)十(shi)(shi)里有羅(luo)城,卒并于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)避,凡散處(chu)江(jiang)漢間者,遂以(yi)羅(luo)為(wei)(wei)姓也,江(jiang)西豫(yu)章之(zhi)望,由漢高(gao)治粟內史既改大(da)司(si)農珠(zhu),公(gong)從灌嬰侯定其地,功德茂(mao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民,而(er)(er)著父曰(yue)(yue)君用,秦(qin)武(wu)陵令督運官鐵溺洞(dong)庭,邦人祠祀之(zhi),故(gu)居(ju)長(chang)沙城東(dong),祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)嗣彝,曾祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)宗光,高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)茂(mao)峻,峻以(yi)前之(zhi)世次,邈君子(zi)略(lve)焉,企(qi)生(sheng)宗伯,珠(zhu)公(gong)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)世孫也,初封晉著作郎,后當殷仲堪鎮江(jiang)陵為(wei)(wei)其功曹(cao),累遷武(wu)陵太守,未之(zhi)郡適桓元攻江(jiang)陵,伸堪任(ren)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)諮(zi)議參軍,已而(er)(er)謂(wei)弟遵生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue):“殷侯仁(ren)而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)斷,事(shi)必(bi)無(wu)(wu)成,吾當生(sheng)死以(yi)之(zhi)。”迨仲堪走,時惟(wei)企(qi)生(sheng)從經家門,泣以(yi)奉養老母,囑遵生(sheng)遂履桓元之(zhi)害(hai),君子(zi)悲其昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)擇人,而(er)(er)高(gao)其臨難(nan)(nan)無(wu)(wu)茍免,推為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)門忠孝,其卓(zhuo)卓(zhuo)已,珠(zhu)公(gong)流傳至(zhi)唐未,有字儀真者,舉進士于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宋太祖(zu)(zu),建隆元年,徙古永(yong)豐水東(dong)藤(teng)田醴泉院,數傳至(zhi)權,徙寧都大(da)布(bu),又數傳至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)郎,徙興國白(bai)石,其曾孫念四(si)郎,則由南宋末徙瑞金密溪家焉,詳譜(pu)首(shou)源流圖考(kao)大(da)傳曰(yue)(yue):“別(bie)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu),繼別(bie)為(wei)(wei)宗。”吾密溪之(zhi)譜(pu)以(yi)念四(si)郎為(wei)(wei)始祖(zu)(zu),禮(li)也。