至今(jin),全村(cun)已有羅姓(xing)村(cun)民近600戶(hu),3700余人(ren),主(zhu)要分布在羅屋一帶(dai),并以羅屋為中軸線,由東往西(xi)延伸發展。屋宇多為坐北朝南(nan)(nan),面對南(nan)(nan)邊的水口,據(ju)說這(zhe)是先(xian)人(ren)“依山造屋,傍(bang)水結村(cun)”而成,有“背(bei)山面水,負陰抱陽(yang)”之勢(shi)。四座(zuo)古“風水塔”依東、南(nan)(nan)、西(xi)、北四個方向建在遠處山頂上,猶如四道(dao)屏(ping)障,緊護著密溪村(cun)。
密溪現存(cun)近百(bai)幢大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)小(xiao)的古民居(ju),多為明清時(shi)期所(suo)建,規(gui)模宏大(da)(da)(da)的主要有羅氏(shi)大(da)(da)(da)宗祠(ci)、羅應文公祠(ci)、應宗公祠(ci)、石泉公祠(ci)、淳夫公祠(ci)、皋澤公祠(ci)、密峰太公祠(ci)等十幾處,一般(ban)占地面積都有三(san)四百(bai)平方米左右;大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)不一的私廳、私宅(zhai),則如星羅棋布,眾(zhong)星拱月般(ban)地散布在村內(nei)。結(jie)構多為磚(zhuan)木,也(ye)有一些祠(ci)廳全用木料構建,大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分屋頂都是兩(liang)面坡下水的歇(xie)山(shan)頂或硬山(shan)頂式,許多隔間(jian)垛墻都上瓦端,突出檐外(wai),昂首飛翹,頗有動感。據譜載,密溪晚清前(qian)還曾設圩(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi),每(mei)逢圩(wei)(wei)日之(zhi)時(shi)就人聲鼎沸(fei),商賈云集,后(hou)因戰(zhan)亂而(er)廢圩(wei)(wei)。但至今天仍可以從(cong)遺存(cun)的兩(liang)條(tiao)相互(hu)貫通、繞羅屋而(er)行的石板巷道和(he)寬大(da)(da)(da)的內(nei)圍(wei)磚(zhuan)拱門及(ji)圩(wei)(wei)街(jie)遺跡(ji),仍可看(kan)出當年圩(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)的影子。
密溪古(gu)民居的(de)(de)建(jian)筑裝飾(shi)藝術(shu),堪(kan)稱一(yi)絕(jue)。如(ru)羅(luo)氏大(da)宗(zong)祠(ci),大(da)門(men)兩(liang)側一(yi)排(pai)明清碑刻,青石(shi)板臺階(jie)兩(liang)端屹立著一(yi)對威武的(de)(de)大(da)石(shi)獅(shi),門(men)檻邊一(yi)對精雕(diao)細琢的(de)(de)榮(rong)鼓石(shi),高大(da)雄偉的(de)(de)木(mu)門(men)廊(lang)(lang)上(shang)高懸金字匾(bian)(bian)額(e),祠(ci)堂(tang)內外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)木(mu)立柱(zhu)、頂(ding)(ding)棚、雀替、挑(tiao)檐和斗(dou)拱上(shang)都(dou)(dou)巧妙地裝飾(shi)有(you)(you)多(duo)種手法雕(diao)刻的(de)(de)圖(tu)案(an),在(zai)(zai)木(mu)構(gou)件(jian)上(shang)有(you)(you)多(duo)處層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)累(lei)疊伸挑(tiao)。使(shi)人贊嘆不絕(jue)的(de)(de)是門(men)廊(lang)(lang)頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)板上(shang)鑲嵌(qian)著一(yi)幅由近百幅龍鳳、瑞(rui)獸和花(hua)(hua)卉圖(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)雕(diao)板,均以深浮雕(diao)、鏤雕(diao)等(deng)(deng)精湛(zhan)工藝手法雕(diao)就,形態栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生,構(gou)圖(tu)嚴謹(jin),寓意(yi)深邃,未見(jian)雷同。祠(ci)堂(tang)內的(de)(de)柱(zhu)梁斗(dou)拱之(zhi)間保(bao)存有(you)(you)不少繪(hui)畫,上(shang)廳天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)板上(shang)又(you)鑲嵌(qian)著兩(liang)對倒(dao)立的(de)(de)木(mu)雕(diao)描金獅(shi)子,宛(wan)若在(zai)(zai)活蹦亂(luan)跳。其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)宗(zong)祠(ci)在(zai)(zai)裝飾(shi)藝術(shu)上(shang)既獨具(ju)(ju)風格(ge),又(you)有(you)(you)相似之(zhi)處,有(you)(you)很多(duo)上(shang)下(xia)廳屏風、花(hua)(hua)格(ge)、門(men)楣和柱(zhu)礎(chu)的(de)(de)設計及(ji)雕(diao)刻都(dou)(dou)很有(you)(you)藝術(shu)性。另(ling)外(wai)(wai),至今保(bao)存尚好(hao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)座(zuo)明清牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)也同樣(yang)顯示出其(qi)(qi)制作上(shang)的(de)(de)獨具(ju)(ju)匠心。木(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)始建(jian)于明天(tian)(tian)順(shun)3年(1459),是奉旨為旌表賑糧濟民的(de)(de)羅(luo)孟穩而(er)建(jian)的(de)(de),匾(bian)(bian)額(e)曰“善行流(liu)芳(fang)”,它(ta)(ta)倚古(gu)巷道而(er)立,坊(fang)(fang)高6米,坊(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)由數百個棱形木(mu)格(ge)交織重疊而(er)成蜂窩狀,結構(gou)復雜;上(shang)面蓋(gai)瓦(wa),還(huan)可供行人避(bi)雨遮陰(yin)。此(ci)類木(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)省(sheng)內罕見(jian)。另(ling)一(yi)座(zuo)石(shi)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)系清乾隆13年(1748)所建(jian),用17塊大(da)型青條石(shi)和石(shi)板構(gou)成三門(men)洞武式(shi)的(de)(de)石(shi)坊(fang)(fang),第(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)匾(bian)(bian)曰“節孝”,署有(you)(you)奉旨籌建(jian)者兵部(bu)右侍郎兼都(dou)(dou)察院右副都(dou)(dou)御使(shi)史德(de)沸等(deng)(deng)諸官名字,坊(fang)(fang)石(shi)上(shang)保(bao)留著龍首龍尾和八仙過海等(deng)(deng)浮雕(diao)圖(tu)案(an)。
密溪村古建筑群(qun)(qun),雖不是(shi)皇家住宅,然而,在夕陽(yang)斜暉、乳燕紛(fen)飛的(de)(de)(de)暮(mu)色中,不由使人產生一種憑吊歷(li)(li)史(shi)遺物的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)傷和感(gan)慨。這處(chu)斑(ban)駁(bo)的(de)(de)(de)古老建筑群(qun)(qun),同(tong)樣(yang)浸透(tou)著歷(li)(li)史(shi)變遷和世事興衰(shuai)的(de)(de)(de)滄桑,同(tong)樣(yang)是(shi)中華(hua)民族傳(chuan)統(tong)社會和傳(chuan)統(tong)文明的(de)(de)(de)一份難得的(de)(de)(de)見(jian)證和瑞金市珍貴的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)遺產。
密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)村(cun)隸屬于(yu)九堡鎮(zhen),處于(yu)市(shi)區(qu)西北(bei)約(yue)30公里(li)處。位于(yu)九堡鎮(zhen)東北(bei)方向12公里(li)處。密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)村(cun)東西分別與大柏(bo)地(di)鄉,岡面鄉接壤,北(bei)面與寧都縣交界,南臨環溪(xi)水(shui)庫及(ji)本(ben)鎮(zhen)富(fu)田、富(fu)村(cun)兩個行政村(cun),總面積(ji)6平方公里(li),有耕地(di)1560畝(mu),山林29800畝(mu),有村(cun)民(min)小組21個,境內現(xian)有630戶,3120人(ren)。羅姓(xing)3100人(ren)占(zhan)總人(ren)數99。4%。全村(cun)僅有4戶外姓(xing)人(ren)家,其(qi)中王姓(xing)2戶,鐘(zhong)姓(xing)1戶,譚姓(xing)1戶,2007年(nian)人(ren)均收入3200元。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)屋原本為(wei)王,宋二姓(xing)所居(ju)(ju),據(ju)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六修族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)記載(zai)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)始(shi)祖(zu)“念四郎”本為(wei)興(xing)國白(bai)石人(ren),其曾祖(zu)父“真三郎”是(shi)由寧都大布遷(qian)往興(xing)國定居(ju)(ju)的。在(zai)宋高宗咸淳(chun)年間“念四郎父子”往來于瑞金、寧都經商(shang),途經九堡密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。念四朗看到(dao)群山環繞(rao),綠(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環抱(bao)的密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)是(shi)塊居(ju)(ju)住的風水(shui)(shui)(shui)室地,便舉(ju)家(jia)義無返顧地遷(qian)到(dao)了密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。“密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)公見密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)山水(shui)(shui)(shui)明秀,遂家(jia)于是(shi),積功累德,保世(shi)滋大,代起簪(zan)纓,為(wei)瑞邑之望族(zu)(zu)。”在(zai)羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)始(shi)祖(zu)遷(qian)至密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)之時,正是(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)土著王、宋兩姓(xing)衷敗之際,到(dao)了元朝(chao)初(chu)年,二姓(xing)的田產(chan)已(yi)全部賣給(gei)羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi),至此,羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)始(shi)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)站穩腳根,繁衍生(sheng)息,《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六修族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》對此有較(jiao)為(wei)詳細的記載(zai):
“密溪(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地當(dang)吾(wu)(wu)祖遷時,原有王宋(song)(song)兩姓(xing)居(ju)此,王處(chu)東境(jing),西(xi)(xi)向今(jin)金盆形(xing)(xing)麓下田(tian)(tian)是也,宋(song)(song)居(ju)東北境(jing),南(nan)向今(jin)宋(song)(song)屋田(tian)(tian)是也,二(er)姓(xing)皆土著(zhu),在隋唐五(wu)代間頗稱殷富,本境(jing)數千畝(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian),及前后左右十余里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan),皆兩姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業,以本境(jing)中(zhong)小(xiao)溪(xi)(xi)為界,王業居(ju)溪(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,宋(song)(song)業居(ju)溪(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi),及宋(song)(song)南(nan)渡后,兩姓(xing)漸衰(shuai)落(luo),吾(wu)(wu)祖寓至此,因宋(song)(song)宅(zhai)前案百步田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)有兩阜,一直一橫,皆荊(jing)棘所叢,蛇虺所穴(xue),吾(wu)(wu)祖于直構室,橫安墳,兩戶(hu)皆中(zhong)高四下,形(xing)(xing)家表為風吹(chui)羅帶形(xing)(xing)。二(er)姓(xing)日微,吾(wu)(wu)祖施德行仁,勤儉積累,家益(yi)以興(xing),本境(jing)田(tian)(tian)畝(mu)前后陸續歸鬻。
吾祖至(zhi)元初,吾祖已成(cheng)戶入籍,十里長屬羅(luo),兩(liang)姓(xing)田既賣(mai)盡,復將前后十余里之(zhi)荒山,王姓(xing)一(yi)契賣(mai)東邊,宋姓(xing)一(yi)契賣(mai)西邊……”
羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)在(zai)密(mi)溪(xi)落(luo)腳(jiao)之后(hou),其家族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)經歷(li)了一個頗為漫長(chang)而曲折的(de)(de)(de)過程,從族(zu)(zu)譜所載人口數(shu)字的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)長(chang),以及《密(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六修族(zu)(zu)譜·興替(ti)記》來看,羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)幾起幾落(luo),數(shu)度為兵匪所劫,羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)多年的(de)(de)(de)積累(lei)是:“家財馨洗,人物調謝”不難想象,羅(luo)(luo)氏(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)背后(hou)所隱含的(de)(de)(de)辛酸(suan)開拓史,真可謂篳(bi)路藍縷。
念(nian)四(si)郎(lang)攜兩兒子定(ding)居(ju)(ju)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),兩兒子為(wei)明(ming)亮、明(ming)善。明(ming)善傳(chuan)至(zhi)第(di)五(wu)代即無(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),明(ming)亮生有(you)(you)兩個兒子,應(ying)(ying)(ying)宗、應(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)。自(zi)(zi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)宗,應(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)分為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西兩房,應(ying)(ying)(ying)宗為(wei)西房,應(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)房。雍(yong)正(zheng)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(1725),東(dong)(dong)房的(de)后(hou)代子孫在(zai)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)左側(ce)建(jian)有(you)(you)應(ying)(ying)(ying)文(wen)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci),作為(wei)東(dong)(dong)房鼻祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)(ci)。雍(yong)正(zheng)八年(nian)(1730), 西房的(de)后(hou)代子孫在(zai)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)右側(ce)建(jian)立應(ying)(ying)(ying)宗公(gong)祠(ci)(ci),作為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)西房鼻祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)(ci)。隨著(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)推移密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口不斷增加,到光緒(xu)三(san)(san)(san)十四(si)年(nian)六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜時(shi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)男女老少(shao)(shao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口已達六(liu)(liu)、七(qi)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)“……以密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da),距五(wu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(族(zu)(zu)譜)也(ye)又六(liu)(liu)十余(yu)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口且六(liu)(liu)七(qi)千(qian)計……。在(zai)此(ci)其間(jian)(jian),不斷有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)徙到別處,如遷(qian)(qian)到九堡(bao)鎮(zhen)官倉、瑞(rui)(rui)金瑞(rui)(rui)林鎮(zhen),更有(you)(you)遠(yuan)遷(qian)(qian)至(zhi)江西宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)市(shi)(shi)的(de)。從(cong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)出的(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)開始還和(he)九堡(bao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)聯(lian)系(xi)較為(wei)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),慢慢地(di)聯(lian)系(xi)越來(lai)(lai)(lai)越少(shao)(shao),有(you)(you)許(xu)多則幾乎(hu)中(zhong)止了聯(lian)系(xi)。以從(cong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)地(di)市(shi)(shi)的(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)支(zhi)為(wei)例,這(zhe)支(zhi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)前(qian)清乾隆(long)年(nian)間(jian)(jian)遷(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun),在(zai)《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》中(zhong)還繪有(you)(you)一(yi)幅“袁州府宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)縣(xian)郝家西村之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂(mao)遷(qian)(qian)居(ju)(ju)屋宇(yu)圖”,1995年(nian),當密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)準備第(di)七(qi)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)譜時(shi),其編(bian)委成員(yuan)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)振波試探性地(di)給江西宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)市(shi)(shi)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)部寫了一(yi)封信,請求查明(ming)瑞(rui)(rui)金密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)家族(zu)(zu)情(qing)況(kuang),不久,宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)來(lai)(lai)(lai)瑞(rui)(rui)金密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)訪親,查閱(yue)光緒(xu)三(san)(san)(san)十四(si)年(nian)《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)尚有(you)(you)一(yi)位老者在(zai)六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜中(zhong)有(you)(you)名(ming)字(zi)記(ji)載。在(zai)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)曾(ceng)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)多次到贛(gan)南(nan)(nan)尋找祖地(di)但(dan)都無(wu)(wu)(wu)果而終(zhong),他們(men)只聽祖輩們(men)說來(lai)(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)贛(gan)南(nan)(nan),但(dan)具體在(zai)贛(gan)南(nan)(nan)什么地(di)方就不得(de)而知了。對于(yu)宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》還有(you)(you)一(yi)段這(zhe)樣的(de)記(ji)載:“江西宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun),城東(dong)(dong)家人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),四(si)面工(gong)廠,電網高掛,公(gong)路(lu)(lu)鐵路(lu)(lu),日夜通(tong)車,山清水秀,地(di)理可佳,我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂(mao)公(gong),本在(zai)瑞(rui)(rui)金,乾隆(long)中(zhong)葉,遷(qian)(qian)來(lai)(lai)(lai)宜(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun),定(ding)居(ju)(ju)于(yu)此(ci),二(er)百(bai)余(yu)年(nian),生生繁衍,子孫興盛,六(liu)(liu)十余(yu)戶,三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),種田(tian)經商,又工(gong)又農,艱(jian)苦創業,大(da)(da)揚(yang)祖業,奔小康路(lu)(lu),萬世無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮。”
從族譜記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)來看,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)代中(zhong)(zhong),羅氏男丁均有(you)五,六(liu)人(ren)(ren),甚至上(shang)十人(ren)(ren),但是真(zhen)正(zheng)傳(chuan)有(you)后人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)并不多(duo)(duo),以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)例,應(ying)文生有(you)四子,世(shi)英(ying)(ying)、富英(ying)(ying)、德(de)英(ying)(ying)、本英(ying)(ying),只有(you)德(de)英(ying)(ying)、本英(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪有(you)后,其(qi)它均無后人(ren)(ren),或遷(qian)居(ju)(ju)別(bie)(bie)處,德(de)英(ying)(ying)生有(you)三子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩(wen)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩(wen)無后,或遷(qian)居(ju)(ju)別(bie)(bie)處。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪有(you)后。本英(ying)(ying)生有(you)六(liu)子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬(kuan)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信(xin)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠(hui)(hui)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽(qin),孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬(kuan)無后,或遷(qian)居(ju)(ju)別(bie)(bie)處,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信(xin)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠(hui)(hui)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽(qin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪有(you)后。對于這一(yi)時期(qi)家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態,基(ji)本上(shang)屬于由(you)多(duo)(duo)個核心家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)。這種家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)有(you)利于處于初級階段的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)族的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)長,家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)之間(jian)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非常時期(qi)相互利用人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源,而在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)村落資(zi)源不敷供(gong)給時,又(you)有(you)一(yi)些家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)被迫遷(qian)往外地定居(ju)(ju)。 密(mi)(mi)溪羅氏在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)分東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)后沒有(you)再開(kai)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)(fang)(fang),但是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)和經濟實力發展,到較好的(de)(de)(de)清朝中(zhong)(zhong)葉時期(qi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各自的(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)(fang)(fang)內部(bu)又(you)興建(jian)了幾個祠堂以(yi)祭祀他們的(de)(de)(de)祖先。如康熙五十六(liu)年(nian)(1718),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)離(li)羅氏大(da)宗(zong)祠不遠的(de)(de)(de)地方,東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)九世(shi)后裔興建(jian)了東(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公(gong)祠以(yi)紀念東(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公(gong)。以(yi)此作為(wei)(wei)九世(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)分支祖祠。雍(yong)正(zheng)十二年(nian)(1734),西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)九世(shi)石泉公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)后裔在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)羅氏大(da)宗(zong)祠的(de)(de)(de)左側(ce)興建(jian)了石泉公(gong)祠,作為(wei)(wei)第九代西(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)分支之祖祠。乾隆四十七(qi)年(nian)(1782)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)八(ba)世(shi)之淳夫公(gong)后裔在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)文公(gong)祠左側(ce)建(jian)立了淳夫公(gong)祠,作為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)八(ba)世(shi)支房(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個祖祠。有(you)明一(yi)代,密(mi)(mi)溪羅氏所出人(ren)(ren)才不多(duo)(duo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瑞金縣(xian)志記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)僅有(you)羅汝潔,其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)明成(cheng)化年(nian)間(jian)曾任廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞知縣(xian)。
密溪羅氏發展到明末清初時(shi),歷經(jing)數度劫難,后又數度興起,第一(yi)次(ci)大的(de)劫難在明嘉靖未年,“比(bi)嘉靖未年,葉(xie)寇播(bo)氛。剽掠(lve)四出,家財罄洗,人物凋謝。僅余屋基山崗。其門莊田產典賣殆盡,一(yi)姓錢糧(liang)正存數石。幸十世、十一(yi)世兩代祖先,奮志(zhi)懨(yan)拓。崇節儉,勤稼穡,業諄書,修祀典,日(ri)漸光(guang)大。景昔田產,既(ji)盡贖回,糧(liang)石益增。”
密溪羅(luo)氏遭受(shou)第一次(ci)劫難以后,經十(shi)世的一派,十(shi)一世的文派的勤奮,節(jie)儉,家族再次(ci)興旺起來。
明(ming)清(qing)鼎(ding)革(ge)之際,中華(hua)大(da)地處于一片混亂之中,密溪(xi)所處的(de)(de)(de)贛南地區(qu)也不例外。在這種大(da)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)蕩的(de)(de)(de)背(bei)景下,密溪(xi)村再次遭(zao)遇劫(jie)(jie)難。“未(wei)幾,明(ming)季(ji)鼎(ding)革(ge),土寇(kou)猖厥,焚屋劫(jie)(jie)村,廬(lu)舍邱墟(xu),田園荒蕪。千余丁之男女,竄伏流離,數百年之文(wen)契一日失守。抑又衰矣!”
據(ju)村中老(lao)者羅(luo)(luo)(luo)振波介(jie)紹:在(zai)大清(qing)順(shun)治(zhi)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1653),瑞金大柏地(di)鄉梟首(shou)陳其(qi)綸及其(qi)匪眾被政府(fu)官兵所追擊,竄入密溪村,該村的(de)一個(ge)村民(min)好心地(di)把(ba)他們(men)帶(dai)到(dao)(dao)一個(ge)極為(wei)隱蔽(bi)的(de)村邊的(de)巖(yan)(yan)洞中躲藏,官兵到(dao)(dao)村內尋而未果,不(bu)久(jiu)撤離。不(bu)久(jiu),那些曾經獲得過村民(min)的(de)流寇(kou)(kou)糾合其(qi)同黨(dang),圍攻(gong)密溪村,村民(min)紛紛躲進巖(yan)(yan)洞內,但(dan)是流寇(kou)(kou)此時已經知道通往(wang)巖(yan)(yan)洞的(de)秘密通道。后來巖(yan)(yan)洞防線(xian)被攻(gong)破(po),村民(min)死傷一百多(duo)人,抓走人質數(shu)百人。直到(dao)(dao)今天(tian),到(dao)(dao)那個(ge)叫棺(guan)材巖(yan)(yan)下還能發現許多(duo)殘留的(de)遺(yi)骸。關于這(zhe)次明末清(qing)初的(de)民(min)變在(zai)《瑞金縣(xian)志》上亦有記載:“1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)僧(seng)超忠據(ju)銅缽(bo)山,陳其(qi)綸據(ju)大柏地(di),許勝(sheng)可聯(lian)合福建鄉民(min)劉芳、羅(luo)(luo)(luo)承俊據(ju)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)漢(han)巖(yan)(yan),掀起反清(qing)斗爭浪潮(chao)。歷時五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),始被清(qing)廷(ting)鎮壓(ya)下去。”“崇禎十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),廣賊閻王總,剮刀總、番天(tian)總,豬婆總凡十余種,流動各縣(xian)村落,瑞金各村落被其(qi)沿劫。明年(nian)(nian)(nian),攻(gong)破(po)安遠及石城諸寨(zhai)”
筆者認為,考察家族的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)與發(fa)展,應考慮家族所處(chu)的歷史時(shi)代背景。贛(gan)南(nan)地處(chu)福建、江(jiang)西、湖南(nan)、廣東(dong)四省(sheng)的交界處(chu),境(jing)內山巒(luan)疊嶂,自古為匪(fei)盜(dao)常出沒(mei)的地方。從“明(ming)洪武十(shi)八年(nian)(1385),廣寇周三官作(zuo)亂(luan),瑞(rui)金人民逃竄,田(tian)地荒蕪”至“(崇(chong)禎)十(shi)五(wu)年(nian),廣賊(zei)閻(yan)王總,剮刀總,番(fan)無總,豬婆(po)總凡十(shi)余種,流劫(jie)各縣村落,瑞(rui)金各村落被(bei)其沿劫(jie)。”止(zhi)瑞(rui)金共發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)18起大的戰亂(luan),其中明(ming)嘉靖(jing)年(nian)間就發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)八次大的戰亂(luan)。
此后,經(jing)(jing)密溪(xi)羅氏十二世(shi)、十三(san)世(shi)萬派(pai)(pai)、肇派(pai)(pai)的(de)勵精圖治(zhi),經(jing)(jing)過幾十年的(de)苦心(xin)經(jing)(jing)營,羅氏宗族才再度興旺起來“賴十二世(shi)、十三(san)世(shi)萬派(pai)(pai)、肇派(pai)(pai),恢宏先業,務農濟物,合(he)族之棟宇重(zhong)新(xin),各房之蒸嘗(chang)編立。更筑文運外閣,復新(xin)東(dong)平廟宇,錢糧(liang)戶口視昔加倍。”
雍(yong)正年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),清(qing)(qing)政府采取“地丁(ding)合(he)一(yi)(yi)”、“攤丁(ding)入畝”的(de)(de)辦法,賦役的(de)(de)重點(dian)由人(ren)(ren)(ren)身轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移到(dao)土地,這(zhe)樣,封建(jian)王朝(chao)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)以來(lai)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身的(de)(de)限制(zhi)得到(dao)了(le)極大的(de)(de)解脫,人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)發展便日趨膨脹。從(cong)(cong)清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)初(chu)(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“國(guo)朝(chao),原額人(ren)(ren)(ren)丁(ding)戶(hu)口(kou)二(er)千一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)丁(ding)口(kou),內優免(mian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)三丁(ding)五(wu)分。”到(dao)“嘉(jia)慶二(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)終冊報,實在煙戶(hu)二(er)萬七千七百(bai)(bai)六十(shi)(shi)二(er),男(nan)大丁(ding),小(xiao)丁(ding),女大口(kou),小(xiao)口(kou),共三十(shi)(shi)二(er)萬一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)(shi)二(er)。”在不到(dao)二(er)百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)時間(jian)里,瑞金人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)從(cong)(cong)幾千人(ren)(ren)(ren)發展到(dao)32萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)增長如此之快,這(zhe)其中可(ke)能存在老百(bai)(bai)姓對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)數字的(de)(de)隱(yin)瞞的(de)(de)原因,和一(yi)(yi)部分是明末清(qing)(qing)初(chu)(chu)由福建(jian)廣東倒遷入贛的(de)(de)客家人(ren)(ren)(ren)原因,但是從(cong)(cong)一(yi)(yi)個側(ce)面反(fan)映(ying)在清(qing)(qing)初(chu)(chu)至嘉(jia)慶二(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)這(zhe)段時間(jian)里,人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生活安穩、平和,經濟狀況也應有所好轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。
在(zai)這種大(da)的(de)全國(guo)繁榮的(de)背景(jing)之下,密溪羅氏(shi)宗(zong)族迎來(lai)了他們的(de)宗(zong)族發(fa)展的(de)頂峰(feng)狀態。在(zai)清初“更筑文運外閣,復新東(dong)平廟宇(yu)。”從康熙三十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(1696)至乾隆四十(shi)(shi)七年(nian),短短的(de)86年(nian)間,羅氏(shi)宗(zong)族修建了“密溪羅氏(shi)大(da)宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)”、“應(ying)宗(zong)公祠(ci)(ci)、應(ying)文公祠(ci)(ci)、石泉公祠(ci)(ci)、淳夫公祠(ci)(ci)、東(dong)塘公祠(ci)(ci),共(gong)六座祠(ci)(ci)堂。以及村子(zi)周(zhou)圍的(de)四座風水(shui)塔”坤峰(feng)(1738),“辛峰(feng)”(1738)“巽峰(feng)”(1777),“丁峰(feng)”。
至清中葉,密(mi)溪羅氏的(de)(de)人口已經發(fa)展到數千(qian)人,分為“東(dong)房(fang)”,“西房(fang)”兩(liang)大房(fang),并且為他們的(de)(de)“開基祖(zu)”密(mi)峰公(gong)以及(ji)東(dong),西兩(liang)房(fang)興建了(le)祠堂(tang),家族有了(le)祭祀和儀(yi)式的(de)(de)中心。至此,密(mi)溪羅氏的(de)(de)宗族形(xing)態正式確立,清朝中葉所形(xing)成的(de)(de)聚落格(ge)局(ju)與支房(fang)及(ji)亞房(fang)之間的(de)(de)力量對(dui)比,基本上(shang)延續到現代,沒有太大的(de)(de)變化。
《羅姓考略》
自夏禹(yu)錫(xi)土(tu)賜姓(xing),凡姓(xing)皆有(you)所昉,吾羅(luo)本(ben)黃帝顓帝子(zi)(zi)(zi),曰黎,祝融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),融(rong)生(sheng)陸(lu)終,終子(zi)(zi)(zi)六(liu)其(qi)四(si)曰會一(yi)封(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鄶姓(xing),周(zhou)(zhou)初,封(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)羅(luo),屬襄(xiang)陽宜城,周(zhou)(zhou)桓王二十(shi)一(yi)年,伐(fa)于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚,避難徒荊(jing)州枝江,莊王八(ba)年,又去枝江徒長沙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湘陰,東北六(liu)十(shi)里有(you)羅(luo)城,卒并于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚避,凡散處江漢間者,遂以(yi)羅(luo)為(wei)姓(xing)也(ye),江西豫章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,由(you)漢高(gao)治粟內史既改(gai)大(da)司農(nong)珠,公(gong)從(cong)灌嬰侯(hou)定其(qi)地,功(gong)德茂(mao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民,而(er)(er)(er)著父曰君(jun)用,秦武陵令督(du)運官鐵溺洞庭(ting),邦人祠祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故居長沙城東,祖(zu)(zu)曰嗣(si)彝(yi),曾祖(zu)(zu)曰宗光,高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)曰茂(mao)峻,峻以(yi)前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世次,邈君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)略焉(yan),企生(sheng)宗伯(bo),珠公(gong)十(shi)六(liu)世孫也(ye),初封(feng)晉著作郎,后(hou)當(dang)殷(yin)仲堪(kan)鎮江陵為(wei)其(qi)功(gong)曹,累遷(qian)武陵太(tai)守,未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡適桓元攻江陵,伸(shen)堪(kan)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)諮議(yi)參軍,已而(er)(er)(er)謂弟遵生(sheng)曰:“殷(yin)侯(hou)仁而(er)(er)(er)無(wu)斷,事必無(wu)成,吾當(dang)生(sheng)死(si)以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”迨(dai)仲堪(kan)走(zou),時惟企生(sheng)從(cong)經家(jia)門,泣以(yi)奉養老母,囑遵生(sheng)遂履桓元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)悲其(qi)昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)擇人,而(er)(er)(er)高(gao)其(qi)臨難無(wu)茍免,推為(wei)一(yi)門忠孝,其(qi)卓(zhuo)卓(zhuo)已,珠公(gong)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)至唐未(wei),有(you)字儀(yi)真者,舉進士(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)宋太(tai)祖(zu)(zu),建隆(long)元年,徙(xi)古永豐水東藤田醴泉院,數傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)至權(quan),徙(xi)寧都大(da)布,又數傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)至十(shi)一(yi)郎,徙(xi)興國白石,其(qi)曾孫念(nian)四(si)郎,則由(you)南宋末徙(xi)瑞金密(mi)溪家(jia)焉(yan),詳譜(pu)(pu)首源流(liu)圖(tu)考(kao)大(da)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰:“別(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)祖(zu)(zu),繼別(bie)(bie)為(wei)宗。”吾密(mi)溪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)以(yi)念(nian)四(si)郎為(wei)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu),禮也(ye)。