至今,全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)已有(you)羅姓(xing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)近600戶(hu),3700余人,主要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)羅屋(wu)一帶,并以羅屋(wu)為中軸線,由(you)東往西延(yan)伸(shen)發展。屋(wu)宇多為坐(zuo)北朝南,面(mian)對南邊(bian)的水口,據(ju)說這是先人“依(yi)山(shan)造屋(wu),傍水結村(cun)(cun)(cun)”而成,有(you)“背山(shan)面(mian)水,負陰抱陽”之勢。四(si)座古(gu)“風水塔”依(yi)東、南、西、北四(si)個方向建(jian)在(zai)(zai)遠處山(shan)頂上,猶如四(si)道(dao)屏障,緊(jin)護著(zhu)密溪村(cun)(cun)(cun)。
密(mi)溪(xi)現存近百幢大(da)(da)大(da)(da)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)古民居(ju),多(duo)為明清(qing)時期(qi)所建(jian)(jian),規模(mo)宏大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)主要有(you)(you)羅(luo)氏大(da)(da)宗祠(ci)(ci)、羅(luo)應文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、應宗公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、石(shi)泉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、淳夫公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、皋(gao)澤公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)、密(mi)峰太公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祠(ci)(ci)等十幾(ji)處,一般占地(di)面積都(dou)有(you)(you)三四百平(ping)方米左右;大(da)(da)小(xiao)不一的(de)(de)(de)私(si)廳、私(si)宅,則如星(xing)羅(luo)棋布(bu)(bu),眾星(xing)拱月般地(di)散布(bu)(bu)在村內。結構多(duo)為磚木,也(ye)有(you)(you)一些祠(ci)(ci)廳全用木料(liao)構建(jian)(jian),大(da)(da)部分屋(wu)頂都(dou)是(shi)兩(liang)面坡下水的(de)(de)(de)歇(xie)山頂或硬(ying)山頂式,許多(duo)隔間垛墻都(dou)上瓦端,突出(chu)檐(yan)外,昂(ang)首(shou)飛翹,頗(po)有(you)(you)動感。據譜(pu)載,密(mi)溪(xi)晚清(qing)前還曾設圩(wei)市,每(mei)逢圩(wei)日之時就人聲鼎沸,商賈云集,后因戰亂而(er)廢圩(wei)。但至今天仍可(ke)以(yi)從(cong)遺存的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)條相互貫通、繞羅(luo)屋(wu)而(er)行的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)板巷(xiang)道和(he)寬大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)內圍磚拱門(men)及圩(wei)街遺跡,仍可(ke)看出(chu)當年圩(wei)市的(de)(de)(de)影子。
密溪古(gu)民居的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑裝(zhuang)飾(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu),堪稱一(yi)(yi)絕。如羅氏大(da)(da)宗(zong)祠(ci),大(da)(da)門(men)兩(liang)(liang)側一(yi)(yi)排明(ming)清碑(bei)刻,青石(shi)(shi)板臺階兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)屹(yi)立著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)對威武的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)獅,門(men)檻邊一(yi)(yi)對精雕(diao)細(xi)琢的(de)(de)(de)(de)榮鼓石(shi)(shi),高(gao)大(da)(da)雄(xiong)偉的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)門(men)廊(lang)上(shang)(shang)高(gao)懸金(jin)字(zi)(zi)匾(bian)額(e),祠(ci)堂內外的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)立柱、頂(ding)棚、雀替、挑檐和(he)(he)斗(dou)拱(gong)上(shang)(shang)都巧妙地裝(zhuang)飾(shi)有(you)(you)多種(zhong)手法(fa)雕(diao)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)案,在木(mu)(mu)構(gou)件上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)多處(chu)層(ceng)層(ceng)累疊伸挑。使人贊(zan)嘆不(bu)絕的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)門(men)廊(lang)頂(ding)部天花(hua)板上(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)由(you)近百幅(fu)龍鳳(feng)、瑞獸(shou)和(he)(he)花(hua)卉圖(tu)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)板,均以深浮雕(diao)、鏤雕(diao)等(deng)精湛工藝(yi)手法(fa)雕(diao)就,形態栩栩如生,構(gou)圖(tu)嚴謹,寓意深邃,未見雷同(tong)。祠(ci)堂內的(de)(de)(de)(de)柱梁(liang)斗(dou)拱(gong)之間(jian)保(bao)(bao)存有(you)(you)不(bu)少繪(hui)畫,上(shang)(shang)廳(ting)(ting)天花(hua)板上(shang)(shang)又鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)對倒立的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)描金(jin)獅子,宛若(ruo)在活蹦亂跳(tiao)。其(qi)它宗(zong)祠(ci)在裝(zhuang)飾(shi)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)既獨具(ju)風格,又有(you)(you)相似之處(chu),有(you)(you)很多上(shang)(shang)下廳(ting)(ting)屏(ping)風、花(hua)格、門(men)楣和(he)(he)柱礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計及雕(diao)刻都很有(you)(you)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)性。另外,至今(jin)保(bao)(bao)存尚好的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)座明(ming)清牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)也同(tong)樣顯示(shi)出其(qi)制作上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨具(ju)匠心。木(mu)(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)始建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)天順(shun)3年(1459),是(shi)奉旨為旌表賑糧濟民的(de)(de)(de)(de)羅孟(meng)穩(wen)而(er)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),匾(bian)額(e)曰“善行(xing)流芳”,它倚古(gu)巷道而(er)立,坊(fang)(fang)(fang)高(gao)6米,坊(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)由(you)數(shu)百個(ge)棱形木(mu)(mu)格交織重疊而(er)成(cheng)蜂窩狀,結構(gou)復(fu)雜;上(shang)(shang)面(mian)蓋瓦,還可(ke)供(gong)行(xing)人避雨遮陰。此類(lei)木(mu)(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)在省(sheng)內罕見。另一(yi)(yi)座石(shi)(shi)牌(pai)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)系(xi)清乾(qian)隆13年(1748)所建(jian)(jian),用17塊大(da)(da)型青條石(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)板構(gou)成(cheng)三(san)門(men)洞武式的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)(fang),第二層(ceng)匾(bian)曰“節孝”,署(shu)有(you)(you)奉旨籌(chou)建(jian)(jian)者兵部右侍郎兼(jian)都察院右副(fu)都御(yu)使史德沸等(deng)諸官名(ming)字(zi)(zi),坊(fang)(fang)(fang)石(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)留著(zhu)龍首龍尾和(he)(he)八仙過海等(deng)浮雕(diao)圖(tu)案。
密溪村(cun)古建筑群,雖不是皇家住(zhu)宅,然而,在夕陽斜暉、乳(ru)燕紛飛的(de)(de)(de)暮色中,不由(you)使(shi)人產生(sheng)一(yi)種憑(ping)吊歷(li)史(shi)遺物的(de)(de)(de)感傷和感慨。這處斑駁的(de)(de)(de)古老建筑群,同樣浸透著歷(li)史(shi)變遷(qian)和世事興衰的(de)(de)(de)滄桑,同樣是中華民族傳統社會和傳統文明的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)份難得的(de)(de)(de)見證和瑞金市珍貴的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)遺產。
密溪村(cun)隸屬于九堡鎮(zhen),處于市區西北約30公(gong)里處。位于九堡鎮(zhen)東(dong)北方(fang)向12公(gong)里處。密溪村(cun)東(dong)西分(fen)別與大柏地(di)(di)鄉,岡面(mian)鄉接(jie)壤(rang),北面(mian)與寧都縣(xian)交界(jie),南臨環(huan)溪水庫及本鎮(zhen)富田、富村(cun)兩個行(xing)政村(cun),總(zong)面(mian)積6平方(fang)公(gong)里,有(you)(you)耕地(di)(di)1560畝,山林29800畝,有(you)(you)村(cun)民小組21個,境內現有(you)(you)630戶,3120人(ren)。羅姓(xing)(xing)3100人(ren)占總(zong)人(ren)數99。4%。全村(cun)僅有(you)(you)4戶外姓(xing)(xing)人(ren)家,其中王姓(xing)(xing)2戶,鐘(zhong)姓(xing)(xing)1戶,譚姓(xing)(xing)1戶,2007年人(ren)均收(shou)入3200元。
密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅屋原(yuan)本為王,宋二姓所居(ju)(ju),據密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅氏六修族(zu)譜記載(zai)。密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅氏始祖“念四郎”本為興國白石人,其(qi)曾祖父(fu)“真(zhen)三郎”是由寧都大(da)(da)布遷(qian)往興國定居(ju)(ju)的(de)。在(zai)宋高宗咸淳(chun)年間“念四郎父(fu)子”往來于(yu)瑞金、寧都經商,途經九(jiu)堡密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。念四朗(lang)看到群山環(huan)繞,綠(lv)水環(huan)抱(bao)的(de)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)是塊居(ju)(ju)住的(de)風水室地,便舉家義無返顧地遷(qian)到了(le)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。“密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)公見密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)山水明秀,遂家于(yu)是,積(ji)功(gong)累(lei)德,保世(shi)滋(zi)大(da)(da),代起簪纓,為瑞邑之望族(zu)。”在(zai)羅氏始祖遷(qian)至密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)之時,正是密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)土著王、宋兩姓衷敗之際,到了(le)元朝初年,二姓的(de)田產(chan)已(yi)全部賣(mai)給羅氏,至此,羅氏始在(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)站(zhan)穩腳(jiao)根,繁衍生息,《密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅氏六修族(zu)譜》對此有較為詳細(xi)的(de)記載(zai):
“密溪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)當吾(wu)祖(zu)(zu)遷時(shi),原有王(wang)宋(song)(song)兩(liang)姓(xing)居此(ci),王(wang)處東境(jing),西(xi)向今(jin)金(jin)盆形(xing)麓下(xia)田(tian)是也(ye)(ye),宋(song)(song)居東北境(jing),南向今(jin)宋(song)(song)屋(wu)田(tian)是也(ye)(ye),二(er)姓(xing)皆(jie)土著,在隋(sui)唐五(wu)代間頗(po)稱(cheng)殷(yin)富,本境(jing)數千畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian),及前后左右十余里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan),皆(jie)兩(liang)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye),以(yi)本境(jing)中(zhong)小溪為界,王(wang)業(ye)居溪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,宋(song)(song)業(ye)居溪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi),及宋(song)(song)南渡后,兩(liang)姓(xing)漸衰(shuai)落,吾(wu)祖(zu)(zu)寓至(zhi)此(ci),因宋(song)(song)宅前案百步田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)有兩(liang)阜,一(yi)直(zhi)一(yi)橫(heng),皆(jie)荊(jing)棘所叢(cong),蛇虺所穴,吾(wu)祖(zu)(zu)于直(zhi)構室,橫(heng)安(an)墳,兩(liang)戶皆(jie)中(zhong)高四下(xia),形(xing)家表為風吹(chui)羅(luo)帶(dai)形(xing)。二(er)姓(xing)日微,吾(wu)祖(zu)(zu)施德行仁,勤儉積(ji)累,家益(yi)以(yi)興,本境(jing)田(tian)畝前后陸續歸鬻。
吾祖至元(yuan)初,吾祖已(yi)成戶入籍,十(shi)里長屬羅,兩姓(xing)田既賣盡(jin),復將前后(hou)十(shi)余里之(zhi)荒山,王姓(xing)一契(qi)賣東邊,宋姓(xing)一契(qi)賣西(xi)邊……”
羅(luo)(luo)氏在(zai)密溪落(luo)腳之后,其家族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)發展經歷了(le)一個(ge)頗為漫(man)長而曲折的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),從族(zu)譜(pu)所(suo)載(zai)人口數(shu)字的(de)(de)(de)消長,以及《密溪羅(luo)(luo)氏六修族(zu)譜(pu)·興替記》來看,羅(luo)(luo)氏宗(zong)族(zu)幾起幾落(luo),數(shu)度(du)為兵匪所(suo)劫,羅(luo)(luo)氏多年的(de)(de)(de)積累是:“家財馨洗,人物調謝”不難想象,羅(luo)(luo)氏宗(zong)族(zu)背后所(suo)隱含的(de)(de)(de)辛酸(suan)開拓史,真(zhen)可(ke)謂篳路藍縷(lv)。
念四郎攜兩兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)定居密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),兩兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)明亮(liang)、明善(shan)。明善(shan)傳(chuan)至第五代即無(wu)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),明亮(liang)生有(you)兩個兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi),應(ying)宗、應(ying)文(wen)。自應(ying)宗,應(ying)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)后,密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)分為(wei)(wei)東西(xi)(xi)兩房(fang),應(ying)宗為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)房(fang),應(ying)文(wen)為(wei)(wei)東房(fang)。雍正(zheng)(zheng)三年(1725),東房(fang)的(de)后代子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)大宗祠(ci)(ci)左側(ce)建有(you)應(ying)文(wen)公祠(ci)(ci),作為(wei)(wei)東房(fang)鼻祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)(ci)。雍正(zheng)(zheng)八(ba)年(1730), 西(xi)(xi)房(fang)的(de)后代子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)大宗祠(ci)(ci)右側(ce)建立應(ying)宗公祠(ci)(ci),作為(wei)(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)西(xi)(xi)房(fang)鼻祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)(ci)。隨著(zhu)時間(jian)的(de)推(tui)移密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)不(bu)斷增加,到(dao)光(guang)緒三十四年六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜時,密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)男女老(lao)少人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)已達六(liu)(liu)、七(qi)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)“……以(yi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)大,距五修(xiu)(族(zu)(zu)譜)也又(you)六(liu)(liu)十余年之(zhi)(zhi)久。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)且六(liu)(liu)七(qi)千(qian)計……。在此(ci)其間(jian),不(bu)斷有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷徙到(dao)別處(chu),如(ru)遷到(dao)九堡鎮官倉、瑞(rui)金(jin)瑞(rui)林鎮,更(geng)有(you)遠遷至江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)宜春(chun)市(shi)(shi)的(de)。從密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷出的(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi),一(yi)開始還和九堡密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)聯系(xi)較為(wei)(wei)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi),慢慢地(di)(di)(di)(di)聯系(xi)越來越少,有(you)許多(duo)則幾(ji)乎中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)止了(le)聯系(xi)。以(yi)從密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷往宜春(chun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)市(shi)(shi)的(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)一(yi)支(zhi)為(wei)(wei)例,這支(zhi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)于前清乾隆年間(jian)遷往宜春(chun),在《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還繪有(you)一(yi)幅“袁州府宜春(chun)縣郝(hao)家西(xi)(xi)村之(zhi)(zhi)茂遷居屋宇圖”,1995年,當密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)宗族(zu)(zu)準(zhun)備第七(qi)次修(xiu)譜時,其編委成員羅(luo)(luo)(luo)振波試探性地(di)(di)(di)(di)給(gei)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)宜春(chun)市(shi)(shi)宣傳(chuan)部寫(xie)了(le)一(yi)封信,請求查(cha)明瑞(rui)金(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)遷往宜春(chun)的(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)家族(zu)(zu)情況,不(bu)久,宜春(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)來瑞(rui)金(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)訪親,查(cha)閱光(guang)緒三十四年《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》宜春(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)尚有(you)一(yi)位老(lao)者在六(liu)(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)名字(zi)記載。在此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)前,宜春(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)也曾派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)多(duo)次到(dao)贛(gan)南(nan)尋找祖(zu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)但都無(wu)果而終(zhong),他們(men)只聽祖(zu)輩(bei)們(men)說(shuo)來自贛(gan)南(nan),但具體在贛(gan)南(nan)什(shen)么地(di)(di)(di)(di)方就不(bu)得而知了(le)。對于宜春(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi),《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)七(qi)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜》還有(you)一(yi)段這樣(yang)的(de)記載:“江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)宜春(chun),城(cheng)東家人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),四面工廠(chang),電(dian)網(wang)高掛,公路(lu)鐵路(lu),日夜通車,山清水(shui)秀,地(di)(di)(di)(di)理可佳,我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)茂公,本在瑞(rui)金(jin),乾隆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉,遷來宜春(chun),定居于此(ci),二百余年,生生繁衍,子(zi)(zi)(zi)孫興盛,六(liu)(liu)十余戶(hu),三百多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),種田經商,又(you)工又(you)農,艱苦創業,大揚祖(zu)業,奔小康路(lu),萬世無(wu)窮。”
從族譜記載的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)來看,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)許(xu)多(duo)代中,羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)男(nan)丁均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五,六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),甚至(zhi)上(shang)十人(ren)(ren)(ren),但是真正傳有(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo),以(yi)東(dong)(dong)房(fang)為例,應文(wen)生有(you)(you)(you)(you)四子,世(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)、富英(ying)(ying)、德(de)(de)英(ying)(ying)、本英(ying)(ying),只有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)英(ying)(ying)、本英(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)(hou),其(qi)它均(jun)無(wu)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren),或遷居(ju)別(bie)(bie)處,德(de)(de)英(ying)(ying)生有(you)(you)(you)(you)三子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和(he)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩無(wu)后(hou)(hou),或遷居(ju)別(bie)(bie)處。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和(he)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)(hou)。本英(ying)(ying)生有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏(min)(min)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠(hui)(hui)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬無(wu)后(hou)(hou),或遷居(ju)別(bie)(bie)處,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏(min)(min)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠(hui)(hui)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)(hou)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)期家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)形(xing)態,基本上(shang)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)由多(duo)個核(he)心家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)組(zu)成的(de)(de)擴大家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)。這(zhe)種家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)形(xing)式有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)初(chu)級(ji)階(jie)段的(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)族的(de)(de)成長(chang),家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)之間可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)非常時(shi)期相(xiang)互(hu)利(li)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資源,而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)村落資源不(bu)(bu)(bu)敷(fu)供(gong)給時(shi),又有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)些家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)被(bei)迫遷往外地定(ding)居(ju)。 密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)分(fen)東(dong)(dong)房(fang)、西(xi)(xi)房(fang)后(hou)(hou)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)再開大的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)房(fang),但是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)和(he)經濟(ji)實力發展,到較好的(de)(de)清朝中葉(xie)時(shi)期,東(dong)(dong)房(fang)、西(xi)(xi)房(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)各自的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)內(nei)部又興建了(le)幾個祠堂(tang)以(yi)祭祀他們的(de)(de)祖先。如康熙五十六(liu)年(nian)(1718),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)離羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大宗祠不(bu)(bu)(bu)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)地方(fang),東(dong)(dong)房(fang)九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)興建了(le)東(dong)(dong)塘公祠以(yi)紀念(nian)東(dong)(dong)塘公。以(yi)此(ci)作為九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)房(fang)分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)祖祠。雍正十二年(nian)(1734),西(xi)(xi)房(fang)九(jiu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)石泉(quan)公的(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大宗祠的(de)(de)左側(ce)(ce)興建了(le)石泉(quan)公祠,作為第(di)九(jiu)代西(xi)(xi)房(fang)分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)之祖祠。乾(qian)隆四十七年(nian)(1782)東(dong)(dong)房(fang)八世(shi)(shi)(shi)之淳夫公后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應文(wen)公祠左側(ce)(ce)建立了(le)淳夫公祠,作為東(dong)(dong)房(fang)八世(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)的(de)(de)一(yi)個祖祠。有(you)(you)(you)(you)明一(yi)代,密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)(shi)所出(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瑞金縣(xian)志記載的(de)(de)僅有(you)(you)(you)(you)羅(luo)汝潔,其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)明成化年(nian)間曾任廣東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)莞知縣(xian)。
密溪羅氏發(fa)展到(dao)明(ming)末清初時,歷經數度劫難(nan),后又數度興起,第一(yi)次大的劫難(nan)在明(ming)嘉靖未(wei)(wei)年(nian),“比嘉靖未(wei)(wei)年(nian),葉寇播氛。剽掠四出(chu),家(jia)財罄洗(xi),人物凋謝。僅余屋基山崗。其門莊田(tian)產典(dian)賣(mai)殆盡,一(yi)姓錢糧(liang)正存數石(shi)。幸十(shi)世(shi)、十(shi)一(yi)世(shi)兩代祖先,奮(fen)志懨拓。崇節儉,勤稼穡,業諄書,修(xiu)祀典(dian),日漸光大。景昔(xi)田(tian)產,既(ji)盡贖回(hui),糧(liang)石(shi)益增。”
密(mi)溪羅氏遭受(shou)第(di)一次(ci)劫(jie)難(nan)以后(hou),經十世的(de)一派,十一世的(de)文派的(de)勤奮,節儉,家族再次(ci)興旺起(qi)來。
明(ming)清鼎(ding)革(ge)之(zhi)際,中(zhong)華大地(di)處于一片混亂之(zhi)中(zhong),密(mi)溪(xi)所(suo)處的贛南地(di)區也不例(li)外。在這(zhe)種大的動蕩的背景下,密(mi)溪(xi)村再次遭遇(yu)劫(jie)(jie)難(nan)。“未幾,明(ming)季鼎(ding)革(ge),土(tu)寇猖厥,焚屋劫(jie)(jie)村,廬舍(she)邱墟(xu),田園(yuan)荒蕪。千(qian)余(yu)丁之(zhi)男女,竄(cuan)伏流離,數百(bai)年之(zhi)文契一日失守。抑又衰(shuai)矣!”
據(ju)(ju)村(cun)中(zhong)老者羅振(zhen)波(bo)介紹(shao):在大(da)清(qing)(qing)順(shun)治十(shi)年(nian)(1653),瑞(rui)金大(da)柏(bo)地鄉梟首陳(chen)其綸(lun)及(ji)其匪眾被(bei)(bei)政(zheng)府官兵(bing)所追擊,竄入密溪村(cun),該(gai)村(cun)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)村(cun)民(min)(min)好心(xin)地把他們帶到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)極為隱蔽的(de)村(cun)邊的(de)巖(yan)洞(dong)中(zhong)躲藏,官兵(bing)到(dao)村(cun)內尋而(er)未果,不久(jiu)撤(che)離。不久(jiu),那(nei)些曾經(jing)獲得過(guo)村(cun)民(min)(min)的(de)流(liu)(liu)寇(kou)糾合其同黨(dang),圍攻密溪村(cun),村(cun)民(min)(min)紛紛躲進(jin)巖(yan)洞(dong)內,但(dan)是流(liu)(liu)寇(kou)此時已經(jing)知道通往巖(yan)洞(dong)的(de)秘密通道。后來(lai)巖(yan)洞(dong)防線被(bei)(bei)攻破,村(cun)民(min)(min)死(si)傷一(yi)百多(duo)(duo)人(ren),抓(zhua)走人(ren)質數百人(ren)。直到(dao)今天,到(dao)那(nei)個(ge)(ge)叫棺材巖(yan)下還能發現許多(duo)(duo)殘留(liu)的(de)遺骸。關于這(zhe)次明末清(qing)(qing)初的(de)民(min)(min)變(bian)在《瑞(rui)金縣(xian)志》上亦有記載(zai):“1650年(nian)僧超忠據(ju)(ju)銅缽山,陳(chen)其綸(lun)據(ju)(ju)大(da)柏(bo)地,許勝可聯合福建鄉民(min)(min)劉芳、羅承俊據(ju)(ju)羅漢巖(yan),掀起反清(qing)(qing)斗(dou)爭浪潮。歷時五年(nian),始被(bei)(bei)清(qing)(qing)廷鎮壓下去(qu)。”“崇禎十(shi)五年(nian),廣賊閻王總,剮(gua)刀總、番天總,豬婆總凡十(shi)余(yu)種,流(liu)(liu)動各(ge)(ge)縣(xian)村(cun)落(luo),瑞(rui)金各(ge)(ge)村(cun)落(luo)被(bei)(bei)其沿(yan)劫。明年(nian),攻破安(an)遠及(ji)石城諸寨”
筆者認為,考察(cha)家族的(de)生存與發(fa)展,應考慮家族所處的(de)歷史時代(dai)背景。贛南地處福建、江西、湖南、廣(guang)東(dong)四省的(de)交(jiao)界處,境內山巒疊(die)嶂,自古(gu)為匪盜常出沒的(de)地方。從“明洪武十八年(nian)(1385),廣(guang)寇(kou)周三官作亂,瑞金(jin)人民逃竄,田地荒蕪”至“(崇禎)十五年(nian),廣(guang)賊閻王總(zong)(zong),剮刀總(zong)(zong),番(fan)無總(zong)(zong),豬婆(po)總(zong)(zong)凡十余種,流劫各(ge)縣村落,瑞金(jin)各(ge)村落被其(qi)沿劫。”止(zhi)瑞金(jin)共發(fa)生了(le)18起大的(de)戰亂,其(qi)中明嘉靖年(nian)間就發(fa)生八次(ci)大的(de)戰亂。
此后(hou),經(jing)密溪羅氏(shi)十(shi)(shi)二世、十(shi)(shi)三世萬派(pai)、肇派(pai)的(de)勵(li)精圖治(zhi),經(jing)過幾十(shi)(shi)年的(de)苦(ku)心經(jing)營,羅氏(shi)宗(zong)族才(cai)再(zai)度興旺起來“賴十(shi)(shi)二世、十(shi)(shi)三世萬派(pai)、肇派(pai),恢宏先業,務農濟物,合族之棟宇重新,各房之蒸(zheng)嘗編立。更筑文運外閣,復新東平廟宇,錢糧戶口視昔(xi)加倍。”
雍正年(nian)(nian)間,清(qing)政(zheng)府(fu)采取“地(di)丁(ding)合一(yi)(yi)”、“攤(tan)丁(ding)入畝”的(de)辦法,賦役的(de)重點由(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身轉移到(dao)土地(di),這樣(yang),封建王朝一(yi)(yi)直以來對人(ren)(ren)(ren)身的(de)限制得到(dao)了極大(da)的(de)解脫,人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)發展(zhan)便日(ri)趨膨脹。從清(qing)朝初(chu)年(nian)(nian)“國朝,原(yuan)(yuan)額(e)人(ren)(ren)(ren)丁(ding)戶(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)丁(ding)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou),內(nei)優免人(ren)(ren)(ren)了五百(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十三丁(ding)五分。”到(dao)“嘉慶(qing)二(er)(er)(er)十五年(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)終(zhong)冊報(bao),實在煙戶(hu)二(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)七千(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)六十二(er)(er)(er),男(nan)大(da)丁(ding),小(xiao)丁(ding),女大(da)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou),小(xiao)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou),共三十二(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四十二(er)(er)(er)。”在不到(dao)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間里,瑞金人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)從幾千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)發展(zhan)到(dao)32萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的(de)增長如此之(zhi)快,這其中可能存在老百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓對人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數字的(de)隱瞞的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因,和一(yi)(yi)部分是明(ming)末清(qing)初(chu)由(you)福建廣東倒(dao)遷入贛的(de)客家人(ren)(ren)(ren)原(yuan)(yuan)因,但是從一(yi)(yi)個(ge)側面反映在清(qing)初(chu)至嘉慶(qing)二(er)(er)(er)十五年(nian)(nian)這段時(shi)間里,人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)活安穩、平和,經濟狀況也應有所好(hao)轉。
在這種大的全國繁榮的背景之下(xia),密溪(xi)羅氏宗(zong)(zong)族迎來了他們的宗(zong)(zong)族發展的頂峰(feng)(feng)狀(zhuang)態。在清初“更筑文(wen)運(yun)外(wai)閣,復新東(dong)平廟宇(yu)。”從康熙(xi)三十(shi)七年(1696)至乾隆四(si)十(shi)七年,短短的86年間(jian),羅氏宗(zong)(zong)族修建了“密溪(xi)羅氏大宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)”、“應宗(zong)(zong)公祠(ci)、應文(wen)公祠(ci)、石泉(quan)公祠(ci)、淳夫公祠(ci)、東(dong)塘公祠(ci),共六座祠(ci)堂(tang)。以及村(cun)子周(zhou)圍的四(si)座風水塔”坤(kun)峰(feng)(feng)(1738),“辛峰(feng)(feng)”(1738)“巽(xun)峰(feng)(feng)”(1777),“丁峰(feng)(feng)”。
至清中葉,密溪(xi)羅(luo)氏的(de)人口已(yi)經發展到(dao)數(shu)千人,分為“東房(fang)”,“西(xi)房(fang)”兩大(da)房(fang),并且為他們的(de)“開基(ji)祖(zu)”密峰公以(yi)及東,西(xi)兩房(fang)興建了祠堂,家族有(you)了祭(ji)祀和儀(yi)式(shi)的(de)中心(xin)。至此,密溪(xi)羅(luo)氏的(de)宗(zong)族形態正式(shi)確立,清朝(chao)中葉所形成的(de)聚落格(ge)局與(yu)支(zhi)房(fang)及亞房(fang)之間的(de)力量對比(bi),基(ji)本(ben)上延續到(dao)現代,沒(mei)有(you)太(tai)大(da)的(de)變化。
《羅姓考略》
自夏(xia)禹錫(xi)土(tu)賜姓(xing),凡(fan)姓(xing)皆有所昉,吾羅本(ben)黃帝(di)顓帝(di)子(zi),曰(yue)(yue)黎,祝融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,融(rong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)陸(lu)終,終子(zi)六(liu)(liu)其(qi)(qi)四(si)曰(yue)(yue)會一(yi)封(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鄶(kuai)姓(xing),周初(chu),封(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)羅,屬襄陽宜城,周桓王二十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian),伐(fa)于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚,避難徒荊州枝(zhi)江(jiang),莊王八年(nian)(nian),又去(qu)枝(zhi)江(jiang)徒長沙(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湘陰,東北六(liu)(liu)十(shi)里有羅城,卒并(bing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚避,凡(fan)散(san)處江(jiang)漢間者(zhe)(zhe),遂以(yi)(yi)羅為(wei)姓(xing)也,江(jiang)西豫章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,由(you)漢高治粟內(nei)史既改(gai)大司農珠,公從灌嬰侯定其(qi)(qi)地,功德茂(mao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民,而(er)著(zhu)父(fu)曰(yue)(yue)君用,秦武陵(ling)(ling)令督(du)運官鐵溺洞(dong)庭,邦人祠(ci)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)居長沙(sha)城東,祖(zu)(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)嗣彝,曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)宗光,高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)茂(mao)峻(jun),峻(jun)以(yi)(yi)前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世次(ci),邈君子(zi)略焉(yan),企生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宗伯(bo),珠公十(shi)六(liu)(liu)世孫(sun)也,初(chu)封(feng)晉(jin)著(zhu)作郎,后當殷仲(zhong)堪(kan)鎮江(jiang)陵(ling)(ling)為(wei)其(qi)(qi)功曹,累(lei)遷武陵(ling)(ling)太守,未(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡適(shi)桓元(yuan)(yuan)攻江(jiang)陵(ling)(ling),伸堪(kan)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)諮議參軍,已(yi)而(er)謂弟遵(zun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue):“殷侯仁而(er)無斷(duan),事必無成,吾當生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”迨仲(zhong)堪(kan)走(zou),時惟(wei)企生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從經家(jia)門,泣以(yi)(yi)奉養老母(mu),囑遵(zun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)遂履桓元(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,君子(zi)悲(bei)其(qi)(qi)昧(mei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)擇人,而(er)高其(qi)(qi)臨難無茍(gou)免,推為(wei)一(yi)門忠孝,其(qi)(qi)卓卓已(yi),珠公流傳(chuan)至(zhi)唐未(wei)(wei),有字儀真(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe),舉(ju)進士于(yu)(yu)(yu)宋太祖(zu)(zu)(zu),建隆(long)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian),徙古(gu)永(yong)豐(feng)水東藤田醴(li)泉(quan)院,數傳(chuan)至(zhi)權,徙寧都大布,又數傳(chuan)至(zhi)十(shi)一(yi)郎,徙興(xing)國白石(shi),其(qi)(qi)曾孫(sun)念(nian)四(si)郎,則(ze)由(you)南宋末徙瑞金(jin)密溪家(jia)焉(yan),詳譜首源流圖(tu)考大傳(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“別子(zi)為(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),繼(ji)別為(wei)宗。”吾密溪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)譜以(yi)(yi)念(nian)四(si)郎為(wei)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu),禮也。